What tests should be done in the second trimester? How many weeks is the best time to check? From the fourth month of pregnancy, the expectant mother's stomach began to swell slowly, which is already considered as one in the eyes of outsiders? Full of pregnancy? The expectant mother. At this time, the expectant mother will have a prenatal examination once a month, including basic blood pressure, weight, height, uterine height, fetal heart rate, blood routine, urine routine, leucorrhea examination, etc., as well as some important examinations, such as Down's screening, four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound and glucose tolerance test.
Down's screening: the best time 16- 18 weeks.
Down's screening? It is to extract the venous blood of expectant mothers, screen and evaluate various indexes in the blood of expectant mothers, including HCG, AFP, free estriol and inhibin A, and then calculate the risk coefficient by combining the expected date of delivery, gestational age, age and weight of expectant mothers.
Down's screening is mainly screening? Does the baby suffer from Down syndrome? , that is, congenital fool type.
Newborns with Down syndrome often show low muscle tone, loose ligaments, physical retardation, severe mental retardation, special appearance, congenital heart disease, digestive tract malformation and so on. It brings a great burden to the family, and it is also a kind of baby itself. Torture? .
Therefore, Down's screening must be taken seriously. Although the accuracy is not high, only 70-80%, most of them can be screened out at an early stage. If the test results of expectant mothers are? High risk? Then further amniocentesis or non-invasive DNA should be done to continue the investigation.
Amniocentesis: The best time 16-20 weeks Amniocentesis is to use a slender needle to penetrate the abdominal wall, myometrium and amniotic membrane of the expectant mother under the guidance of an ultrasonic probe, and then extract a small amount of amniotic fluid, about 20ml, to check the chromosomes, DNA and biochemistry of fetal cells in amniotic fluid.
Amniocentesis is not necessary for all expectant mothers, but only for expectant mothers in the following situations:
Older expectant mothers over 35 years old;
Down's screening high-risk expectant mothers;
Ever given birth? Congenital defects? Expectant mother;
Expectant mothers who suffer from genetic diseases, especially gender-related genetic diseases;
Ultrasonic examination found that the fetus was defective or seriously deformed;
Both expectant mothers and expectant fathers are carriers of genetic diseases.
Four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound: the best time is 22-24 weeks. In many hospitals, four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound is not a necessary item for prenatal check-up, but because four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound can clearly see the situation of various organs of the baby, see if there are abnormalities in the limbs of the baby, and can understand the growth and development of the baby.
Therefore, many expectant mothers will choose to do four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound, on the one hand, it helps to check the abnormality, on the other hand, it is also a souvenir for the fetus in the mother's stomach.
However, when doing four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound, we must grasp the time, not too early or too late. About 22-24 weeks of pregnancy, the amount of fetus and amniotic fluid is relatively moderate, and the fetus has more room to move in the uterus, and the image development will be clearer, so that the various organs of the fetus can be clearly seen, which is convenient for doctors to check the whole body of the fetus.
In addition, four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound needs to make an appointment in advance, but it does not need to urinate, so expectant mothers should grasp the time.
The best time is 22-28 weeks. The best time is 22-28 weeks of pregnancy. Many hospitals have two examinations: large and small ones. The large one is usually examined at 20-24 weeks of pregnancy, and the small one is done at 28 weeks of pregnancy. Under B-ultrasound, through the activities of the fetus in the uterus, we can observe whether the limbs, face, limbs and organs of the fetus are deformed, the development of long bones, the absence of skull and nasal bones, and whether the heart has complex heart malformations.
Because it takes a long time, about 40-60 minutes, we should make an appointment in advance to avoid missing the best inspection time. You don't need an empty stomach for a big abnormality check, but you need to wear loose clothes and shoes that are easy to put on and take off, and you can bring some snacks. If the fetus doesn't have fetal movement, you can eat some snacks to induce fetal movement for observation.
Small abnormality is a supplementary examination for large abnormality. Some hospitals do it twice, but some hospitals only do it once, which can be done according to the arrangement of the local prenatal hospital.
A friend of mine is from Northeast China. Her local hospital checked the abnormality twice, but no problem was found during the large abnormality. Because she could not see clearly during the small abnormality, she suspected that there was something wrong with the fetal heart, and then she went to a special hospital to have a heart color Doppler ultrasound to rule it out. Fortunately, she was close.
Screening of gestational diabetes mellitus: The best time is 22-24 weeks. Gestational diabetes mellitus is a pregnancy complication with an upward trend in recent years, which is mainly caused by the improvement of living standards and excessive nutrition during pregnancy. In fact, many expectant mothers do not have diabetes before pregnancy, that is, they do not control their diet after pregnancy.
Gestational diabetes will bring many potential problems to the expectant mother and the baby, and there are no obvious symptoms in the early pregnancy, which can only be found through examination, so the screening of diabetes has become a routine and important examination item in pregnancy test.
If the expectant mother is unfortunately diagnosed with gestational diabetes, don't be too afraid and blame yourself. As long as gestational diabetes actively controls blood sugar in the normal range, it can greatly reduce the harm to mother and baby.
For the arrangement of prenatal examination in the second trimester, expectant mothers should keep in mind that they should have a second prenatal examination at the end of 16 weeks: mainly routine examination, Down's screening, and appointment for four-dimensional large-scale abnormality examination;
Do the third check-up after 20 weeks: mainly routine check-up, urine routine, four-dimensional large-exclusion;
Do the fourth prenatal examination after 24 weeks: mainly routine examination, urine routine, blood routine and gestational diabetes screening;
The fifth check-up after 28 weeks: routine check-up, urine routine and fetal movement monitoring.
Generally speaking, you need to have 12- 15 antenatal check-ups throughout pregnancy. After each antenatal check-up, the doctor will write down the time and items of the next antenatal check-up in the Maternal and Child Handbook, so that even after pregnancy? Baby brain? Expectant mothers don't have to worry that they will confuse the time. Just make an appointment for a prenatal check-up according to the timetable in the Maternal and Child Handbook.