Selection of farm land
The quality of the environment directly affects the growth, development and reproduction of Shi Wa. Generally speaking, Shi Wa likes quietness and is afraid of noise, so it should try to avoid building factories next to noisy factories and roads with heavy traffic to prevent Shi Wa from being frightened and affecting its normal growth. There should be sufficient water sources near the frog breeding factory. Rivers, lakes, reservoirs and groundwater can be used as water sources for raising frogs, but the water sources are required to be pollution-free, and the PH value is neutral and slightly acidic, and the most suitable PH value is between 6 and 7.
Specification requirements for aquaculture ponds
Aquaculture ponds mainly include incubation ponds, tadpole ponds and frog ponds, which are generally built indoors, requiring ventilation and cooling, without direct sunlight. When building ponds, they should conform to the growth habits of Shi Wa as much as possible, so as to create a good living environment for Shi Wa.
The hatching pond has an area of 1-2 square meters, a height of 0.8m and a water depth of 0.5-0.6m When hatching frog eggs, it requires high water quality. In order to ensure fresh water quality and sufficient oxygen content, it is best to conduct continuous running water culture for 24 hours.
Tadpole ponds have an area of 2-3 square meters, a pond height of 0.8m and a water depth of 0.3-0.5m Tadpoles of the same specifications should be raised in each pond. When the tadpoles are metamorphosed, wooden boards should be put in the pond to float on the water, so that young frogs can jump on the wooden boards to rest.
The frog pond should be rectangular, with an area of 4- 10 square meter and a height of 0.8m. There are stone chips for Shi Wa to rest in the pond, which are covered with asbestos tiles. The light under the tiles is dark, so frogs can rest under the tiles during the day. The water depth in the pond is generally between 0. 1-0.2m, and the bottom of the pond is slightly inclined.
The natural breeding period in Shi Wa is generally from April to September, and May to June is the peak of spawning, which varies somewhat according to the different natural conditions in different places. The annual spawning amount in Shi Wa is very large, about 500- 1000, but the survival rate of natural breeding is very low, and most of them adopt artificial breeding methods in production.
Selection of breeding frogs
The quality of breeding frog's physique directly affects the quantity and quality of laying eggs, and it is related to whether a batch of neat, robust and lively seedlings can be produced. Therefore, breeding frog should choose adult frogs with strong body, large individual, smooth skin and good development. Breeding frogs are required to be free from disabilities and scars. Generally, 2 frogs are selected, and females weighing more than 200g and males weighing more than 250g can be selected as breeding frogs.
Breeding and spawning
From April to September every year, when the water temperature reaches above 18℃, the breeding season in Shi Wa comes, and the ratio of male to female in Shi Wa is1:1.Frogs usually hold each other at night. When mating, the male hugs the female strongly, and strengthens the male's fixation with the help of the abdominal ridge, and hugs and stimulates the female used for breeding.
artificial hatching
During the breeding season, the pool patrol should be strengthened every morning, and the egg pieces should be taken out after Shi Wa ovulates 1 hour. Fertilized eggs are very sensitive to external changes, and this period requires stable environmental and ecological conditions. We must be careful and gentle when fishing for fertilized eggs, and pay attention to maintaining the integrity of the egg block, so as not to cause the egg block to break and reduce the hatching rate. We put the fertilized egg from the incubator into the incubator, and we have to turn over the egg. The black end of the fertilized egg is the animal pole and the white end is the plant pole. When hatching, we use iron wire to make the black part face upwards, that is, the animal is extremely upward, and the white part face downwards, that is, the plant is extremely downward, so as to ensure the successful hatching of fertilized eggs. During the hatching process, the same batch of eggs cannot hatch separately. After about 1 to 2 weeks, these fertilized eggs can completely hatch into Shi Wa tadpoles.
The period from the first 1 day to about 80 days after the hatching of frog eggs belongs to the tadpole stage in Shi Wa. You see, they are relatively small, and their adaptability to the external environment and resistance to enemy harm are relatively poor. If they are not careful, they will cause great losses, so the level of feeding management is the key to affect the survival rate of tadpoles.
First, stocking density
When the tadpoles are below 50px, the general stocking density is 800- 1000 per square meter; When tadpoles grow above 50px, the stocking density strain is 200-300 per square meter. If you are inexperienced, the stocking density can be reduced appropriately.
Second, bait feeding
After hatching, tadpoles usually adsorb on the bottom of the pond, rarely move and do not feed. After 3 days, the activity increases and they start to feed, so the digestive function of tadpoles is weak. Before 20th, we can only feed milk and other nutritious paste bait once every morning at 9: 00 a.m. and 5: 00 p.m., and the feeding amount is per 1000 tadpoles 10ml of milk. After 20 days, we switched to artificial compound feed, which has the advantages of comprehensive nutrition and can promote the rapid growth of tadpoles. When the tadpoles grow to 50px, the feeding amount is 8-10% of the tadpoles' weight in the pond. When the tadpoles grow to 100px, feed them at 6% of the tadpoles' weight in the pond. In the process of growth, the feeding amount is generally determined according to the feeding state of tadpoles, and when the appetite is weakened, it is appropriate to spread it slowly in batches every time, and then spread the next batch of feed before grabbing the food until it is full.
Third, water quality management
Tadpole ponds are generally small in area, high in stocking density, and fed with a lot of feed, so the water quality is easy to deteriorate. Therefore, tadpole ponds should be changed with a small amount of water 1 time within 3-5 days, with a quarter of the water changed each time, and the whole pond should be changed once every 15 days, and the residual eggs and food waste residue at the bottom of the pond should be thoroughly removed. In addition, in order to prevent the deterioration of water quality, we need to spray and disinfect the whole pond with 100-200ppm potassium permanganate every week, so as to improve the water quality, sterilize and prevent diseases. At this time, we don't need to fish out tadpoles in the pond.
Fourth, disease prevention and control
Tadpoles in Shi Wa are weak, and they are prone to wheel disease and gill rot. Here we introduce the prevention and treatment methods of these diseases:
Trichlordosis, infected tadpoles have poor appetite and slow movement. The drug can be treated with trichlorfon. The dosage is 30 mg of trichlorfon per 100 liter of water, once every 2-3 days, and it can be effective twice.
Rotten gill disease, infected tadpoles' cheeks are rotten and white, and they have difficulty breathing and swim slowly on the water surface. The drug can be treated with special effect rotten gill spirit, and the dosage is every 100 liter of water 10ml, once every 3-5 days, and it can be effective if used twice. When the tadpole grows to about 50 days, it grows its hind legs first, then its forelimbs gradually after 15 days, and its tail is completely absorbed after 80 days. At this time, it is transformed from aquatic animals into amphibians. We should fish out the metamorphosed young frogs and feed them in the frog pond.
After changing from tadpoles to young frogs, it is a commercial frog after two years of breeding. What work should we do well in these two years? Feed feeding is one aspect, and then there is daily management and disease prevention. Specifically, let's go to the show and have a look.
First, the preparation before releasing frogs
Before putting the young frogs into the frog pond, it is necessary to clean the frog pond. Generally, it is carried out two days before releasing frogs, and potassium permanganate is mainly used. We will use 100-200ppm potassium permanganate to spray and disinfect the whole pond, leaving no dead ends. Water, land and frog holes should be thoroughly disinfected to kill all kinds of pathogens and eggs, and young frogs can be put into the pond two days later.
Second, stocking density
Shi Wa's eating ability has a great relationship with stocking density. The higher the breeding density, the stronger its eating ability. If it is too thin, its eating ability will obviously decrease, and even anorexia will occur. Generally, when the body length of Shi Wa is below 175px, the stocking density is 90- 120 animals per square meter; When the body length of Shi Wa is above 175px, the stocking density is 20-30 animals per square meter.
Third, feed feeding
The feed in Shi Wa is mainly Tenebrio molitor. Like fish farming, Shi Wa should abide by the principle of time and place, so that Shi Wa has the habit of feeding in groups at regular intervals and a certain intensity. Generally, it is fed twice every day at 9: 00 a.m. and 5: 00 p.m., and the quality of feed should be ensured to be high-quality, fine and palatable without mildew. The quantitative principle is that it should be fed at 6% of Shi Wa's weight in the pond every time and eaten within two to three hours, depending on the water temperature, weather and frog.
Fourth, taming food
Early feeding training is the key technology of artificial breeding of Shi Wa, and Shi Wa's natural feeding habit is to eat live bait instead of dead bait. It is difficult to fully satisfy the live bait in large-scale artificial breeding of Shi Wa. Shi Wa must be domesticated to eat artificial compound feed, and the earlier it is domesticated, the more obvious the effect will be. Generally, it is required that the young frog should be domesticated within 5-7 days after metamorphosis. In the first 10 day, Shi Wa was fed with13 compound feed and 2/3 Tenebrio molitor, and then the proportion of compound feed was gradually increased as Shi Wa adapted to the compound feed until Shi Wa could get used to eating artificial compound feed.
V. Daily management
The important work in aquaculture in Shi Wa is to patrol the pond once every morning at dawn and at night. We should pay attention to the frog's dynamics to decide whether to change water and use drugs, especially in the case of hot and rainy weather. We should also keep a diary every day to measure the water temperature on time, record the number of baits, and deal with problems immediately when they are found. This is also a very important means for scientific breeding of Shi Wa. In the daily management, we should also ensure the cleanliness of the frog pond, remove the residual bait every day and clean the frog pond regularly every seven days.
Six, safe winter
From the end of each year 1 1 to the middle of April of the following year, Shi Wa enters hibernation when the water temperature drops below 12℃. When Shi Wa overwinters, the water depth in the pool should be kept at 500px, and it is advisable to use long running water so as not to flood the caves, and some land should be left. When the temperature rises, Shi Wa will come up and have the ability to eat. At this time, a small amount of feed should be given to strengthen Shi Wa's physique, and the environment should be kept quiet to prevent enemy damage and water quality from getting worse during wintering.
Seven, disease prevention and control
The occurrence of any disease is the result of the interaction between various external environmental factors and frog's own reflection characteristics. Shi Wa has strong disease resistance, but it is easy to catch red leg disease or rotten skin disease in high temperature weather. Here we will introduce the prevention and treatment methods of these diseases:
Red leg disease, Shi Wa's limbs are weak, his abdomen and legs are red, his muscles are punctate, and he can't eat. The medicine can be treated with 0.5mg/l copper sulfate and 0.2mg/l ferrous sulfate mixture, once every 2-3 days and twice in a row.
Rot skin disease, infected Shi Wa's epidermis decays and falls off to expose red muscles. This disease is caused by lack of vitamin A, so we need to add multivitamins to feed to strengthen nutrition. The dosage is 400mg of multivitamins per kilogram of feed, which can be effective for 3-5 days.
Commercial frog catching
After two years, Shi Wa can be caught and sold when he grows to about 150g. The day before catching Shi Wa, we should stop feeding Shi Wa. When catching, we usually use the net fishing method to open asbestos tiles, and Shi Wa stimulated by light will become scurrying around the ground. We must be extra careful to avoid stepping on Shi Wa at every step. When catching with a net bag, we should move slowly and gently, and don't catch too much every time to avoid it.