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What causes osteosarcoma?
Yu Yishu, 15 years old, was taken to the hospital because of unbearable pain in his right hip and leg after military training in senior one. Results She was diagnosed as Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor (a kind of osteosarcoma).

Guo Jialu, a 20-year-old working part-time in a restaurant during the summer vacation, has been suffering from arm pain for more than ten days. He was finally diagnosed as a malignant tumor of the humerus and needed amputation.

Shen Yixin, 20 years old, 12 years old, was diagnosed as malignant osteosarcoma. He underwent four operations and 36 chemotherapy. His family has spent all their savings to treat him, and they still owe more than 300,000 foreign debts. Today, eight years later, Shen Yixin is still doggedly fighting cancer.

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In recent years, news reports of children suffering from osteosarcoma have emerged in an endless stream, which makes this originally "unknown" malignant tumor begin to appear in the public eye.

Osteosarcoma, also known as bone cancer, is a primary malignant tumor that occurs in the skeletal system. Under normal circumstances, mesenchymal cells will differentiate into bone cells, but due to some factors, mesenchymal cells become osteosarcoma cells.

Osteosarcoma can occur at any age, especially teenagers and children under 25 years old. There are 4,000,500 new cases in China every year, accounting for about 5% of childhood tumors, and the incidence ratio of male to female is 1.5: 1.

Osteosarcoma often disguises itself as "growing pains" when it "entangles" teenagers.

Mr. Luo's son, Xiao Hu, is 1 1 year old this year. He is usually active, but last month he said his leg hurts every night. Mr. Luo thought that the child was in the developmental stage, which was caused by the rapid growth of bones, and did not care too much. When a child has a lump in his joint, he only sticks a plaster when the child accidentally bumps it.

Then last week, the tiger had a sharp pain in his right leg. Teacher Luo took the child to the hospital for examination. It is found that there is an obvious tumor in the right leg of the tiger, which is in the late stage of osteosarcoma and may need amputation.

After learning the result, Mr. Luo consciously delayed the child's treatment and regretted it.

In fact, when many children have symptoms of osteosarcoma, it is easy for parents to ignore or misunderstand the seriousness because they do not have enough knowledge reserves. The misunderstanding of parents' thoughts makes more than half of the diseases reach the middle and late stage when children are sent to see a doctor.

In the early stage of osteosarcoma, most patients will have pain and swelling of bone and joint, and the pain at night will be aggravated, which cannot be relieved by using ordinary painkillers.

If you touch the painful part with your hand, you can touch a lump on the surface of the bone. As the disease progresses, the pain will gradually increase and the lump will gradually increase. After a certain degree, the activities of peripheral joints will be restricted, and some patients will have pathological fractures caused by changes in bone strength caused by osteosarcoma.

Growth pain is more common in preschool children. Without any trauma or disease, there is pain around the knee joint or in the front of the calf, but the activity is normal. When you are overworked, the pain will get worse and can be relieved after rest. Generally, the pain appears around dusk and disappears the next morning. With the growth and development process, the pain will gradually disappear.

To sum up, if teenagers and children have limb pain without any trauma or disease, and it continues to get worse at night, the rest can't be relieved, and joint lumps appear, they must go to the hospital in time.

In addition to the above-mentioned common phenomena, osteosarcoma may also have inflammation and other manifestations, such as fever, vein dilatation, weight loss, decreased mobility, etc., which are common manifestations of advanced osteosarcoma.

Physical examination. Doctors usually ask patients to start a physical examination first, and judge the severity of the disease by checking whether there is a lump, tenderness and swelling in the painful part of the patient, whether the joint activity is limited, and whether the local skin temperature is rising.

Imaging examination. X-ray, CT, magnetic resonance imaging and isotope bone scanning can be used to examine possible bone destruction, periosteal reaction, irregular new bone, blood supply of tumor, the relationship between tumor and blood vessels, and the invasion degree of cancer cells to soft tissue.

Pathological examination. The gold standard of bone cancer examination is pathological examination, and the nature of the lesion and the tumor stage are determined by biopsy through puncture or incision of pathological tissue.

At present, in most cases of primary bone cancer, the etiology is not very clear, and some cases are hereditary. Scientists believe that the onset of osteosarcoma is related to abnormal hormones, exposure to special carcinogens, development and metabolism, radiation and virus infection.

Many studies have proved that sex hormones are very important for the regulation of bone development and metabolism. The peak incidence of osteosarcoma in men is 15- 19 years old, and that in women is 10-14 years old. This age difference may be due to the hormonal differences in the peak growth period of different sexes.

Another study has proved that parathyroid hormone also affects cell movement and proliferation. In other words, abnormal hormones may stimulate the occurrence of osteosarcoma.

Fluorine is one of the important raw materials for many chemical products, especially in oral health care. Long-term exposure to fluoride can lead to many diseases. Some scientists have published relevant papers, saying that if boys aged 5- 10 are exposed to fluoride frequently, the risk of developing osteosarcoma at the age of 10- 19 will increase.

When the calcium in the human body is seriously lost, the mechanism of self-repair will start, and the human body will involuntarily want to produce more bone cells to fill the vacancy, which may lead to excessive proliferation of bone cells and easy transformation into cancer, leading to the occurrence of osteosarcoma.

Therefore, it is not recommended that teenagers eat too much junk food and pay attention to a balanced diet. Scientific research shows that if you eat barbecue with cola, the caffeine contained in cola will accelerate the carbon ion activity after the decomposition of smoked food, resulting in serious calcium loss in the body.

To prevent osteosarcoma, we must first pay attention to a balanced diet. One of the causes of osteosarcoma mentioned above is the serious loss of calcium. In the daily diet, we should pay attention to the combination of meat and vegetables, not picky eaters, supplement more nutrition, eat less pickled food and fried food, and not eat spoiled food.

Keep a good work and rest and exercise properly. Decreased resistance is also a factor leading to bone cancer. Therefore, we should improve the body's resistance. Proper exercise helps to maintain the health of bones, but to avoid trauma, especially adolescence, trauma should be treated in time.

In addition, the occurrence of osteosarcoma is closely related to radioactive radiation. Teenagers, in particular, are in the stage of growth and development, so they should stay away from radiation to avoid radiation affecting the normal development of bones.

Because the early symptoms of osteosarcoma are easily overlooked, the best way is to find early treatment and regular physical examination, which is helpful to check physical abnormalities, find early signs of tumor in time and improve the survival rate of patients. # Cancer Prevention Handbook # # Health Science Competition # # Breeze Project #

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