2. The beauty of plants and trees - Kangxi Dictionary. Shenji Shangqiu character part Kangxi strokes: 10 strokes outside the part: 4 [Ancient prose] Yu Tang Yun Ji Yun Zhengyun? Hu Guaqie, sound Hua. Zhengzi is the flower of grass and trees. Ouyang Xiu·Flower Preface People in Luoyang call flowers a certain flower, and peonies are called flowers. Also place names. There are flower fields in Zhinanhai County, Guangzhou. Also surname. Tang Youhua was shocked. Du Fu's poem "The fierce generals of Chengdu have Hua Qing". Tongzhi·Clan Speech There is a Shangshu Liang Huayin in the Song Dynasty. It also rhymes with the complementary sound He. According to the poem, Zao Yan first looked at Shenzhou, and it was clear and beautiful. The fragrant forest is very cultivated and blooms again and again at one year old. Talk about the text and make it beautiful. Rong Ye. From 艸?, Zheng said: ?, it looks like the shape of hanging leaves, but it also looks like the pedicle and calyx. The ancient pronunciation of the Tang Dynasty is based on the word "hua", which has not been seen in books since the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In books after the Jin Dynasty, the word "hua" was used casually, or it was changed by later generations. However, "Book of the Later Han·Li Xie·Shu Shen Fu" says: Trees change color before spring, and grass blooms in the new year. It is also said that the purpose of the carvings is to express the beauty of literature and art. The word "flower" is used with "hua". The Five Classics, Zhu Zi, Chu Ci, Pre-Qin Dynasty, and Han Dynasty books are all passed down from ancient times, and none of the Chinese characters are curled into flowers. According to the research, more than a thousand new characters were created in early March of the second year of Emperor Taiwu's reign, and they were issued far and near. They thought the regular style was similar to the flower characters, so it must be that the new characters were created after the Wei and Jin Dynasties. 3. Common vocabulary in Buddhism: Flower is one of the six kinds of offerings, which represents the achievement of all deeds and the solemn Buddhahood. 4. Flowers not only refer to nouns, but also have verb and adjective meanings: 〈verb〉 1. Bloom [flower;blossom;bloom] Wild grass flowers beside Suzaku Bridge. ——Liu Yuxi's "Black Clothes Alley" Pick when the flowers are not in bloom. ——Song Dynasty Shen Kuo's "Mengxi Bi Tan" Flowers are picked as they pass by. Flat March flowers. There are April flowers in the deep mountains. No flowers but fruit. - Pei Yuan's "Guangzhou Chronicles" 2. Spend money on payment or expenditure [spend] I don't spend a lot of money when I join the club. ——"Dream of Red Mansions" 3. Another example: spend money; spend money (consumption); spend money plainly (grand and extravagant; consume a lot of property) 4. Use a period of time to spend [spend time]. For example: He spends three hours studying every day.
A single poppy flower can produce hundreds of seeds. But not all plants are like this. More plants can survive for several years. Such plants are called "perennial plants." ★ Blooming of flowers: The bud of a flower is a stuffed "small suitcase". It is covered by a tough outer skin that protects it from damage. Inside, the different parts of the flower are tightly wrapped so that they take up only a small space. As the bud grows, the flower unfolds inside. Soon the flowers begin to grow so large that the buds can no longer accommodate them, and then they begin to bloom. ★ Pollen allergy: In summer, the air contains a lot of pollen. Some people will sneeze after breathing this air. This is because they are allergic to pollen. ★ Epiphyllum only blooms at night, and the flowering time is very short, so there is a saying of "ephemeral flower". ★ The largest flower in the world is "Rafflesia". The diameter of a Rafflesia flower is about one meter. Unlike other flowers, Rafflesia is smelly. Rafflesia relies on flies for pollination. ★ Flower Color: Flowers use their color to attract insects. When a bee or butterfly sees a flower with bright colors, it will fly towards the flower. The colors are like road signs, showing where to find delicious nectar. ★ About pollen: A plant does not develop seeds until two pollen sacs unite. One kind of pollen sac is called ovule. The ovule is formed at the bottom of the flower. They are protected by the ovary. The other kind of pollen sac is called pollen grain. The pollen grain needs to be combined with ovules from other flowers. Therefore, the pollen must be collected from a flower. One flower moves to another. ★ When you see insects flying between flowers, they are spreading pollen. When a bee comes to a flower, it gets pollen. When it flies to another flower, it drops some of the pollen and gets more. The reward for a bee's hard work is a "salary" of sugary nectar. ★Bird of paradise flowers spread their pollen through birds and bats. It is large and showy and produces lots of sweet nectar. Structure of the Bird of Paradise Flower (Strelitzia reginae) Regarding the nature of the flower structure, a relatively consistent view tends to regard the flower as an abnormal short branch with shortened internodes. From the perspective of shape and structure, each part of the flower has the general properties of a leaf. . The first person to put forward this point of view was the German poet, playwright and naturalist Goethe (1749-1832). He believed that flowers are abnormal branches suitable for reproduction. This view is supported by fossil records and many phylogenetic and ontogenetic evidences, and can better explain the structure of most angiosperm flowers, so it is still used today. A complete flower consists of six basic parts, namely pedicel, receptacle, calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium. The pedicel and receptacle are equivalent to the branches, and the remaining four parts are equivalent to the abnormal leaves on the branches, which are often collectively called flower parts. A flower that has all four parts is called a complete flower, and one that is missing any part is called an incomplete flower. During the long-term evolution process, various parts of the flower (such as calyx, corolla, stamens and pistils) and inflorescences have undergone various adaptive variations, thus forming various types. Morphological structure, the shapes of flowers are varied, and there are 250,000 flower styles among about 250,000 species of angiosperms.
Types of commonly used woody flowers: roses, classic varieties of roses, Mr. Lincoln plum blossoms, peach blossoms, peonies, crabapples, magnolias, wood pens, bauhinia, forsythia, golden bells, lilacs, wisteria, azaleas, pomegranates, smiling flowers, White orchid, jasmine, gardenia, osmanthus, hibiscus, wintersweet, toothless red, silver bud willow, camellia, winter jasmine. Commonly used herbal flowers: spring orchid, violet, arrowroot, hyacinth, tulip, violet, snapdragon, Periwinkle, cineraria, sweet pea, summer orchid, dianthus, amaryllis, lotus, aster, water lily, peony, phlox, tuberose, marigold, globewort, orchid, lily of the valley, orchid, Viola, gloxinia, narcissus, orchid, cineraria, calcaneus, sage flower, wax red, pansy, zinnia, cockscomb, bunch of red, peacock grass, cosmos, calendula Chrysanthemum, African impatiens, chrysanthemum, gerbera, ornamental bromeliads, stems, African violet, bird of paradise, firecracker red, chrysanthemum, carnation, anthurium, baby's breath, star flower, bougainvillea growth process flower formation period (or called the differentiation period of flower buds) and the method are determined by the plant's inherent genetic genes. Plants can only grow into flowers when they have completed vegetative growth and reached a certain reproductive stage under a certain external environment. Whether a plant can grow into flowers after reaching a certain stage is determined in most cases by environmental factors such as light and temperature. Many plants have a certain range of needs for changes in the relative length of day and night (photoperiod) and temperature. Under the combined influence of these two factors, the reproductive period begins (see photoperiodic phenomenon). When flowers are induced at the top, the meristem cells at the original vegetative stem end undergo great changes. At this time, the cytoplasm becomes obviously thicker, and the original large vacuoles are dispersed into many small vacuoles. The number of other organelles, especially mitochondria, is greatly increased, and cellular respiration is enhanced. Later, the small vacuoles increased significantly and became larger, accompanied by the enlargement of the nucleus, and the volume of the nucleolus also increased significantly. Within this enlarged nucleus, the ratio of dispersed chromosomes to condensed chromatin is higher in the induced meristem than in the vegetative shoot apex. At this time, RNA synthesis accelerates in the cells of the apical meristem, and with the formation of new ribosomes, the total protein amount also increases. In addition, with the stimulation of flowering factors in the early stage, cell division in the apical meristem is very vigorous, and the mitotic index suddenly increases. After the induction period, DNA synthesis and further mitotic activity were also stimulated. In this way, the number of cells greatly increases, resulting in the formation of flower primordia. The above-mentioned occurrence process is usually referred to as the flower morphogenesis period. The occurrence of flowering meristems. After entering the reproductive stage, the apical meristems undergo quite obvious morphological changes. These changes are closely related to the cessation of unlimited growth in the vegetative stage and the production of lateral appendages in various ways. During the vegetative growth period, the apical meristem grows and widens upward before the new leaf interval begins. On the contrary, during flower development, the area of ??the apical meristem gradually decreases with the continuous occurrence of floral organs. Some flowers still retain some amount of apical meristem after the carpels occur, but the activity has stopped, while in some plants, carpels are produced from the top part of the apical meristem. Depending on the type of flower, floral organs may develop in a spiral sequence toward the top; or a certain organ (such as petals) may form one or two whorls at the same level, and then another organ such as the stamen group, followed by male and female cells. There are only stamens or pistils in a flower: unisexual flowers have only stamens in a flower: male flowers have only pistils in a flower: female flowers have both pistils and stamens in a flower: bisexual flowers Female and male flowers on the same plant: male and female* **The male and female flowers of the single plant are born on two plants respectively: the dioecious plant. Flower culture. The December flower and the flower god flower are the beauty of heaven and earth. They are the embodiment of beauty. Appreciating flowers lies in admiring their appearance and knowing their spirit. Bones, only in this way can you swim in the unique charm of each flower and gain a deep interest in it. As the ancients said: "The plum blossoms are pure and pure, the orchids are tall and fragrant, the tea is elegant, the plum blossoms make up, the apricots are delicate and sparse, the chrysanthemums are proud and frosty, the narcissus has ice skin and jade skin, the peonies are beautiful and fragrant, and the jade trees are all built together. The golden lotus is blooming in the pond, the osmanthus is fragrant in the moon cave, and the hibiscus is cold in the cold river." There are countless legends about flowers, among which the legend about the representative flower of the twelve months in the lunar calendar and the flower god in charge of the twelve months is the most interesting. People are fascinated. The flowers and flower gods of this December order vary somewhat depending on the region and personal preferences. Each of the twelve flower gods has a beautiful story.
There is a saying that the plum blossom god of the first month is Lin Bu, a poet of the Northern Song Dynasty. He lived in seclusion on a lonely mountain in the West Lake and remained idle throughout his life. He was accompanied by plum blossoms and cranes all day long, and was known as the "Plum Blossom Wife and Crane Son". His poem about plum blossoms, "The sparse shadows cross the slanting water and the water is clear, and the dark fragrance floats on the moon at dusk." It is like a ground-breaking poem, which has become a masterpiece of plum blossoms that has been passed down through the ages. So much so that the words "sparse shadows" and "hidden fragrance" have become the names of later generations. Fill in the name of the plum poem. There is another saying that plum blossom is the representative flower of the first month of the lunar calendar in the cold and early spring when snowflakes are falling. His pure and arrogant character is especially loved by the world. According to legend, the flower god of plum blossoms is Princess Shouyang, the daughter of Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty. On the seventh day of the first lunar month of a certain year, Princess Shouyang went to the palace to admire plum blossoms in the plum blossom forest. She felt sleepy and took a nap under the eaves of the palace. By chance, a plum blossom fell gently on her forehead, leaving five petals of light red. After Princess Shouyang woke up, the maids felt that her original beauty was even more beautiful because of the plum blossom petals, so they all followed suit and printed plum blossoms on their foreheads, which was called "plum blossom makeup". The world began to legend that the princess It was the spirit of plum blossoms, so Princess Shouyang became the flower god of plum blossoms. In February, the flower god of apricot flowers is said to be Suiren in some places. He taught people to cook with the fire of jujube and apricots. In some places, Yang Yuhuan, one of the four beauties, is the goddess of apricot flowers. After the Anlu Mountain Rebellion subsided, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty wanted to bury Concubine Yang and saw a forest of apricot flowers under Mawei slope. Therefore, later generations called Yang Yuhuan the apricot flower god. The Peach Blossom God of March is said to be Yang Yanzhao, one of the generals of the Yang family in the Northern Song Dynasty. He guarded the border for twenty years and defeated the Khitan army many times. It may be that he resisted foreign invaders just like peach trees can drive away evil spirits, so he was named the Peach Blossom God. One theory is that it is Cui Hu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, who wrote a famous line that has been passed down through the ages because he once wrote "The human face does not know where to go, but the peach blossoms still smile in the spring breeze." The goddess of peony flowers in April is said to be Li Bai, the poet of the Tang Dynasty who wrote many peony poems. Peonies bloom in the fourth month of the lunar calendar. People in the Tang Dynasty called peonies the "King of Flowers" because of their rich fragrance, rich colors and rich branches. To this day, people still love peonies for their national beauty and heavenly fragrance. There are many legends about peony flower gods, including Diao Chan and Li Juan (the favorite concubine of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty), but Li Bai is the most famous. Once, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and Concubine Yang Guifei were admiring peonies in the Agarwood Pavilion. On a whim, they went to the palace with Li Bai and wrote three chapters of "Qing Ping Le": "The clouds think of clothes and flowers, and the face looks like a face. The spring breeze blows on the threshold and the dew is rich. If I hadn't seen you at the top of the jade mountain, I would have gone to the palace." Meet under the moon in Yaotai. "A branch of red dew is fragrant, and the clouds and rain in Wushan are heartbreaking. I wonder who is like it in the Han palace." . Explanation: The spring breeze is boundless, and the agarwood pavilion leans against the lantern in the north. "May is the pomegranate flower god. May is commonly known as the pomegranate month in the lunar calendar. The pomegranate flowers blooming in May are as red as fire and have a fire-like brilliance. Therefore, many women like pomegranates." Flowers are worn on the temples, adding to the beauty. The legend of the flower god of pomegranate flowers is Zhongkui. May is the season when diseases are most likely to be prevalent. Therefore, Zhong Kui, the "King of Ghosts" in folklore, became the main object of people's belief. Zhong Kui was a very violent and upright character during his lifetime. After his death, he vowed to rid the world of demons and ghosts. His fiery character of hating evil is just like the staunch temperament of a pomegranate that bursts into flames. Therefore, people regard Zhong Kui, who can exorcise ghosts and evil, as the god of pomegranate flowers. It is said that Zhang Qian was the one who retrieved pomegranates from the Western Regions. In order to praise Zhang Qian's contribution, people respected him as the God of Pomegranate Flowers. Lotus Flower God in June June of the lunar calendar is commonly known as the Lotus Moon, and the lotus is the lotus. The lotus flower grows in the blue waves and is famous for its ability to emerge from the mud without being stained. It has large flowers and bright leaves, and a fragrance that spreads far and wide. Therefore, it has been loved by people since ancient times. It is said that the goddess of lotus is Xi Shi, who once left traces of collecting lotus in Jinfanjing, Suzhou. Some people also say that after Xi Shi helped the Yue Kingdom defeat the Wu Kingdom, the King of Yue took Xi Shi back to the Yue Kingdom, but the queen was very jealous of Xi Shi's beauty, so she took Xi Shi to the riverside, tied her to a boulder, and sank her to the bottom of the river. People did not believe that Xi Shi would die. Legend has it that she became the God of Lotus and lived on a small island. Every year during the Lotus Picking Festival, she could be seen among the girls picking lotus by the lake. Hollyhocks, the god of flowers in July, have slender and upright plants that bloom in late summer and early autumn. The flowers are large and charming with colorful colors. Among them, yellow hollyhocks are also called okra. "Uncle July hollyhocks" is mentioned in the Book of Songs. , Kwai refers to Huang Lingkui. Okra is a flower that blooms in the morning and falls in the evening. What most people call "yesterday's yellow flower" is based on okra. According to legend, the flower god of the water chestnut flower is Mrs. Li, the favorite concubine of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
Mrs. Li's brother Li Yannian once wrote a very touching song for her, which is: "There is a beautiful woman in the north, peerless and independent. Once she looks at the charming city, then she looks at the charming country, the charming city and the charming country. It is difficult to find a beautiful woman again." Mrs. Li died very young, and her short but brilliant life was like an okra, so people regard her as the flower goddess of hollyhocks in July. Osmanthus Flower Goddess of August Osmanthus osmanthus is also known as Osmanthus osmanthus and Osmanthus osmanthus. It grows best among rock collars. The flowers bloom in the leaf axils, yellow or yellow-white, and have a very strong fragrance. The osmanthus in August is fragrant, so the eighth month of the lunar calendar is also called the laurel month. One is said to be Dou Yujun of the Five Dynasties. He taught his children well, and all five of his sons became high-ranking officials. Therefore, the father and his son were known as "one old chun, and five branches of osmanthus next to it." The other is said to be Luzhu, the beloved wife of Shi Chong in the Western Jin Dynasty. She was beautiful and good at playing the flute. Sun Xiu, an accomplice of King Zhao Sima Lun, once wanted to take Luzhu as his wife, which led to Shi Chong being killed by King Zhao. Luzhu fell from the building and died in love. People compared the scattered osmanthus flowers to green beads, and named her the god of osmanthus flowers. September Chrysanthemum Flower God In the late autumn of September in the lunar calendar, chrysanthemums bloom most beautifully, so it is also called the Chrysanthemum Moon. In the bright and fragrant land of chrysanthemums, some are elegant and generous, some are flying dragons, some are as magnificent as rainbows, and some are as white as frost and snow, which are quite charming. Tao Yuanming, a pastoral poet of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was a friend of chrysanthemums and wrote many poems praising chrysanthemums. The God of October’s Magnolia Flower: Magnolia Magnolia, also known as Magnolia, is named after its flower as “bright as a lotus”. There is also another type of flower that is white in the morning and red in the evening called drunken hibiscus. Hibiscus is a deciduous shrub that blooms after the frost. In the tenth month of the lunar calendar, you can see her beautiful face like a drunken beauty by the riverside, and her elegant and elegant posture. Qu Yuan, a great poet of Chu State during the Warring States Period, used Lan Hui as a metaphor for himself in his Li Sao. Narcissus is the flower god of November. Narcissus is also known as Jinzhan Yintai. Narcissus blooms after the wax plum and before the river plum. It is a winter flower. As its name suggests, the flower has a green skirt and green belt. It stands gracefully on the clear waves. The pure jasper-like flowers bloom in the rain. They are otherworldly and refined, just like a fairy in the water. . Because narcissus grows by the water, its posture is elegant and graceful, like the Lingbo fairy, so people regard Luo Shen as the god of narcissus. The flower gods of winter plum blossoms in December are said to be Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian of the Song Dynasty. Because they advocated changing the name of yellow plum to "winter plum". There are also the following sayings about the official flowers and flower gods in December: plum blossoms in the first month - Princess Shouyang, apricot blossoms in the second month - Concubine Yang, peach blossoms in the third month - Mrs. Peony, peonies in the fourth month - Li Bai, pomegranates in the fifth month - —Zhong Dao, Lotus in June—Xi Shi, Hollyhock in July—Mrs. Li, Osmanthus in August—Xu Hui, Chrysanthemum in September—Tao Yuanming, Hibiscus in October—Shi Manqing, Camellia in November—Bai Juyi, Ten Narcissus in February - E Huang and Nv Ying. January orchid - Qu Yuan, February plum blossom - Lin Bu, March peach blossom - Pi Rixiu, April peony - Ouyang Xiu, May peony - Su Dongpo, June pomegranate - Jiang Yan, July lotus - —Zhou Dunyi, the crape myrtle in August is Yang Wanli, the osmanthus in September is Hong Shi, the hibiscus in October is Fan Chengda, the chrysanthemum in November is Tao Yuanming, and the narcissus in December is Gao Sisun.