This month is the shortest light, the lowest temperature and the weather is unpredictable period of the year. But this month is the early spring greenhouse (greenhouse) peppers, eggplants, tomatoes, cucumbers, watermelons and other tomato and melon vegetables seedling critical period, but also a key period of the management of a large crop of vegetables in the overwintering greenhouse, this month, the main vegetable field farming:

1, strict cultivation of tomato and fruit seedlings. "Seedling strong half harvest", strong seedling is the basis of high quality and yield. Greenhouse multi-layer cover cultivation of tomatoes, peppers, eggplants have been in the previous year in November to December seedlings, this time has gradually entered the seedling stage. This period should pay attention to the night temperature can not be too low, generally not less than 12 ℃, otherwise the long-term low temperature will affect the differentiation of flower buds, directly affecting the quality of fruit and yield later. At the same time to do a good job of seedling disease control. This period of early spring greenhouse, greenhouse cucumber began to seedlings, more grafted seedlings. Grafting seedlings in January ~ early February, calendar seedling age of 50 to 60 days, late February fixed in the multi-layer covered greenhouse or in early to mid-March fixed in a single-layer greenhouse. This period of low temperature, how to warm, heat preservation, good temperature management is the key to the success or failure of seedlings.

2, late January, in the greenhouse nursery early spring arch cultivation of cauliflower, kale seedlings. Remember that the night temperature of kale seedlings should not be below 13 ℃ for a long time, so as not to spring moss.

3, greenhouse and greenhouse multi-layer cover (three film a thatch) of the extended fall crop of tomatoes, peppers, zucchini, celery and other crops have entered the late stage of growth, according to the market price of timely harvesting, and tighten the vacated stubble land, ready to set the value of the next crop of vegetables.

4, greenhouse multi-layer coverage of watermelon started seedlings, should be selected low-temperature resistance, low-light tolerance of strong varieties. At this time the key factors affecting watermelon seedlings is still light and temperature, and to maintain a certain day and night temperature difference, in order to cultivate strong seedlings, promote bud differentiation; melon farmers friends must build good nursery facilities, the small shack form of humble nursery shed converted to good lighting conditions, good thermal insulation in the form of daylight greenhouse, and recommended that the nursery before the laying of a good ground before the hot line, the fire road, such as warming facilities, so as to be prepared for any problems. This period is a critical period of wintering a crop of vegetable management, pay attention to the weather forecast, in case of strong cold weather, if necessary, temporary heating, diligent scrubbing of the film, and timely removal of snow. In principle, this period of vegetables in the greenhouse can not be large water irrigation, to prevent the ground temperature drop.

5, January is mostly low-temperature and low-light weather, solar greenhouse can be in the midday for a short period of time to ventilate the humidity, advocate the use of dust and smoke agent control of pests, as far as possible, do not use the spray method of application of drugs to reduce the humidity in the shed.

February, the festival for spring and rain

Although the temperature in this month is still low, but began to rise. "A year's plan is in the spring", this month should be the busiest time for seedling, land preparation and greenhouse vegetable management.

1, solar greenhouse early spring crop cucumber, tomato, eggplant, pepper, zucchini seedlings began to plant. Greenhouse early spring stubble cultivation at this time should be timely fertilization of the ground; greenhouse cultivation of kale, cauliflower seedlings can be planted; spring mulch open ground pepper, tomato, eggplant this period began to seedling.

2, trellis small arch double cover watermelon in early February to start nursery.

3, this period of small and medium-sized greenhouse short-term coverage of cucumber, zucchini grasp seedlings.

4, greenhouse, medium-sized shed double membrane cover of vegetable beans and cowpeas in late February to start direct seeding.

5, late February can be cultivated in the greenhouse, greenhouse early spring cabbage seedlings, pay attention to the night temperature should not be lower than 13 ℃, in order to prevent spring. Greenhouse spring radish can also be planted in this period.

6, in 12 ~ January in the protection of the conditions of cultivation of eggplant and fruit seedlings, at this time has been to 2 leaves or 3 leaves 1 heart, to be timely seedling, advocating the use of nutrient mantle root protection seedling. Farmer's proverb "half of the seedling harvest, more than half of the strong seedling harvest," said the importance of cultivating strong seedlings. Tomato seedlings 2 leaves 1 heart is the critical period of bud differentiation, therefore, special attention should be paid to temperature management, to maintain the night temperature is not less than 12 ℃, in order to facilitate the normal differentiation of flower buds, otherwise the long-term low temperature, tomatoes are prone to deformation.

7, open ground 6 ~ 7 months on the market celery, can be in the spring before and after the small arches covered with grass thatch seedlings, before the summer planting.

8, overwintering cauliflower and kale pay attention to uncovering the film wind, to prevent high temperatures when baked seedlings, and grasp the watering of green water.

9, the end of February to March garlic, onions began to enter the rapid growth period, pay attention to the control of garlic maggots and other underground pests.

March, the festival for the hibernation and equinox

The winter is about to pass, the natural world reappeared its due vitality, vegetable field agricultural activities more busy. This period is the peak of the greenhouse overwintering cucumber production, although the temperature is rising, but still very abnormal, to bring a lot of inconvenience to the agricultural activities. This period should pay special attention to the "spring cold", low-temperature cold damage and nursery shed at noon high temperature caused by stewing seedlings phenomenon.

1, greenhouse tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, cucumbers began planting, and wintering greenhouse cucumbers, zucchini, tomatoes, this period should pay attention to fertilizer, watering and strengthen the prevention and control of pests and diseases, etc., this is a critical period for the yield and benefits.

2, film or open ground spring early cultivation of watermelon, this period began in the small arched greenhouse seedlings, seedling age of about 30 days. This period of nursery still need to pay attention to the temperature and day and night temperature difference management, in order to cultivate strong seedlings and flower bud differentiation.

3, around the vernal equinox spring sowing onions began to seedlings, spring leeks also began sowing seedlings.

4, zucchini spring mulch cultivation started seedlings.

5, live spring cabbage, radish, carrot.

6, wheat gourd set pepper seedlings began,

April, the festival for the Qingming and Guyu

This is a season of sowing, but also a season of harvest.

1, greenhouse early spring cucumber, zucchini one after another on the market, greenhouse tomato, cucumber is the high yield period, but at this time, cucumber downy mildew, gray mold, tomato gray mold began to occur more often, to implement the "prevention is better than cure" principle. In late April, open field vegetables, greenfly began to occur, pay attention to the prevention and control.

2, can still continue to sow onions, leeks.

3, "before and after the Qingming, planting melon point bean", this period began to live open ground, mulch watermelon, at the same time, wheat seedless watermelon began to seedling, early seedling watermelon can be covered with mulch planting.

4, after the rain, most of the Central Plains open-ground eggplant and fruit vegetables began to transplant the field; small arched greenhouse cultivated in advance of the zucchini to strengthen ventilation, to avoid growing in the shed, late April ready to uncover the film.

5, open ground spring cucumber, cowpea, vegetable bean cover film direct broadcast.

May, the festival for the summer and small full

This period of pleasant climate, Henan central average ten-day temperature 19 ℃ ~ 23 ℃, is a variety of temperature-loving vegetables flowering and fruiting of the best period, but also the high incidence of pests and diseases of protected vegetables. This month vegetable field main agricultural affairs are:

1, greenhouse greenhouse vegetables day and night wind, strengthen the management of water and fertilizer, can be combined with watering each mu each time to flush 15 kg of three yuan compound fertilizer, urea 5 kg, and at the same time to strengthen the control of various vegetables pests and diseases, improve the rate of commercial vegetables, for high yield and high efficiency.

2, in the middle of the first half, to grasp the planting of wheat field set of watermelon, pepper, eggplant and other vegetables, set the time to master in the wheat harvest before 20 ~ 25 days, not too early.

3, breeding heat-resistant kale, cabbage seedlings.

4, sowing summer beans, summer cucumber. Cucumber in two leaves a heart to four leaves a heart period with the increase of melon spirit or 1ml ethylene glycol with water 2 kg treatment of seedlings, can reduce the sitting melon node, after the emergence of 45 ~ 50 days after the cucumber can be marketed.

5, open ground fall celery seedling start. The masses are commonly known as the "three stand" celery, that is, summer seedling, fall planting, winter harvest. Low-temperature germination before sowing, seedling field with "oxalic acid ketone" closed weed control within 3 days after sowing, the effect is very good. Seedlings pay attention to shade, rain, disease prevention, moisture deficiency.

6, open-air summer tomatoes in early May began seedling, one month seedling age, planting after the wheat harvest, planting 50 days after the harvest fruit, just in time for the August tomato off-season.

7, late May to early June each year for watermelon, tomatoes, peppers, zucchini virus disease of the high incidence of aphids in advance with 70% of imidacloprid, avermectin "prevention and control of red spider, and sprayed 2 times a "healthy plant treasure" to prevent virus disease.

June, the festival for the mango and summer solstice

June has entered the summer, the average monthly temperature up to 25 ℃ ~ 26 ℃. Most of the greenhouse fruit and vegetables have been pulled seedlings, should do a good job of cleaning up the disease residues in the greenhouse, in order to reduce the next crop of disease; this period of open field vegetables have entered the harvest season. At this time the Central Plains region wheat has been harvested, choose some heat-resistant, disease-resistant vegetable varieties in time to sow, 2 months after the harvest period to make up for the fall vegetables in August to September off-season, the benefits are very good.

1, grasp the summer cucumber planting. Pay attention to the 2 ~ 4 leaf period in a timely manner with ethylene glycol or melon increase spirit treatment of seedlings, in order to promote the differentiation of flower buds, early melon, more melons.

2, good summer cabbage, summer kale, summer cauliflower. late June to educate early cauliflower seedlings, National Day, Mid-Autumn Festival, "Double Festival" before the harvest, this period of vegetable prices are generally higher.

3, the breeding of celery seedlings. Autumn greenhouse species of celery can be in the middle and late June seedlings, this period of high temperature and rainy season, be sure to low-temperature germination after sowing, and pay attention to shade and rain. Closed weed control with "oxacillin".

4, generally sown at the end of April, spring open ground watermelon at this time into the sitting melon period, sitting melon to pay strict attention to the appropriate water control, nitrogen fertilizer control, strict prevention of exuberant growth, in order to sit in the watermelon; melon sitting in a timely manner after the strengthening of fertilizer and water management, in order to facilitate the expansion of watermelon, watermelon for high yield. This period of attention to the control of aphids, prevention of watermelon virus disease.

5, the end of June ~ early July is a critical period of autumn extension of greenhouse pepper seedlings. This period of seedling should pay attention to the shade, rain, strict prevention of pests and diseases. Multi-layer coverage of the extended fall greenhouse pepper can be delayed until the Spring harvest red fruit, better benefits.

6, planting onions. The previous year's autumn equinox or March to April breeding onion seedlings, cut wheat urgently after planting, in the ambush before rooting to ensure a good harvest. Some areas also have the habit of breeding onion seedlings during this period.

7, the use of greenhouse greenhouses. June greenhouse vegetables one after another, greenhouse greenhouses can be treated as follows: ① deep turning and sunning, ripening the soil. ② arches covered with shade net and roll up the film ventilation, planting heat-resistant spinach, parsley. ③ planting small ditch onions or point planting corn to improve the soil, for the field with root-knot nematode, this period should pay attention to good control. After harvesting the previous crop, turn over more than 30cm y and make a bed with a height of 30cm, irrigate the bed with water, then cover the ground film and fasten the greenhouse to warm up to more than 40℃ and keep it for 10～20 days, and the effect of killing nematodes is obvious.

July, the festival for small summer and big summer

July is a changeable weather, to do drought can be watered, waterlogging can be drained. This period is the open ground cauliflower, kale and autumn greenhouse tomatoes, peppers, eggplant seedling critical period. The use of full-protection nursery is necessary to ensure the success of seedlings, that is, the use of film to prevent rain, shade net shade, insect nets and do a good job of disease prevention.

1, in early July staged sowing of heat-resistant cabbage, the harvest period is arranged in the National Day, before and after the Mid-Autumn Festival, this period is generally high prices. And from the seedling stage to prevent viral diseases, aphids, cabbage greenfly and so on.

2, continue to educate the fall after the extension of pepper seedlings: the end of June ~ July 20 for the fall after the extension of greenhouse pepper seedling period, greenhouse cultivation can be appropriately delayed. Seedling age of about a month, early November to the Spring Festival market.

3, the Central Plains region of autumn cauliflower, kale, the best sowing period for the first half of July.

4, fall delayed greenhouse tomatoes generally early July seedlings, mid-August planting, mu planted 3000, mid-October to mid-December harvest. In the past two years, tomato yellowing variegated leaf (TY) virus disease occurs seriously, the disease once occurred, often resulting in a substantial reduction in yield, or even harvest. The best way is to do a good job of prevention from the seedling stage, the use of shade nets, shed film rain, insect nets against insects and other "full protection" measures to cultivate strong seedlings, and strictly prevent the transmission of tobacco fly.

5, sown in early July in the open field autumn cucumber, this period must be selected heat, high resistance to mildew, bacterial hornblotch varieties, live 50 days after harvest. This period of seed cucumber in order to promote flower bud differentiation, lower sitting melon nodes, to be in the 2 ~ 3 leaf period with ethylene glycol 200ppm (with 40% of ethylene glycol 1ml to 2 kg of water) or increase melon spirit treatment of seedlings.

6, in mid-July to mid-August to start planting carrots, varieties selected root shape circumference is beautiful, three red rate of high quality and high yield varieties. With "oxalic acid" or "Shida supplement" closed weed control, the effect is good.

August, the festival for the autumn and summer

August is still hot and rainy, production should be avoided in the early high temperature and high humidity, grasp the late high-yield, good fall planting.

1, early August can still be sown early fall cabbage, can grab the morning market. Winter storage cabbage best sowing period in mid to late August.

2, autumn delayed greenhouse cucumber sowing in early August, with ethylene glycol or melon increase spirit treatment of seedlings, to promote flower bud differentiation.

3, planting radish. Sowing in early to mid-August. Can also be planted early pure white radish varieties, early market, higher yield.

4, the end of August can be sown heat-resistant early spinach, one month after the emergence of seedlings can be marketed.

5, greenhouse a crop of tomatoes in the best nursery period is the middle and end of August, seedling age of about 1 month, from the Spring Festival has been harvested to the next year in June. This period should still be strictly prevented from disease, especially to prevent TY (yellowing variegated leaf) virus, cultivate strong seedlings.

6, fixed value celery. After the fall of the open ground celery can be fixed, greenhouse, greenhouse cultivation can be delayed to late August or early September fixed.

7, grasp the good open ground zucchini. late August using the full protection of autumn zucchini seedlings, or live zucchini, fixed value of a month can be harvested. Currently cotton producing areas of cotton set autumn zucchini is a good stubble, some years the benefits are very good.

September, the festival for the White Dew and Autumnal Equinox

To seize the favorable opportunity to manage the field of autumn vegetables, and grasp the winter sowing and protected vegetable seedling work.

1, good onion, onion seedlings. North of Henan in the "white dew" before and after onion seedlings, southern areas can be delayed to mid- to late September; onions in the autumn equinox before and after the nursery.

2, planting fast-growing leafy vegetables. Such as Shanghai green, cilantro, rape and so on.

3, a winter crop of cucumber grafting seedlings. Grafting period for September 20 to October 15 around, can not be too early seedlings.

4, this period of greenhouse overwintering crop of tomatoes, peppers, eggplants can continue to nursery, seedling age of 40 ~ 45 days, in mid-October 5 ~ 6 leaves when the value of the greenhouse.

5, fall sowing cabbage seedlings, seedlings. The leaf bushes grow too strong radish, carrot chemical control, can be in late September with 0.1% of the short strong pigment or 100 ~ 150ppm of multi-purpose azole spray 1 ~ 2 times, control the above ground leaves from the exuberant growth, so that the nutrients are transferred to the root, in order to prevent the formation of large tasseled small radish.

6, with "Khan + imidacloprid" control of fall greenhouse tomatoes, peppers and other vegetables on the whitefly.

October, the festival for the cold dew and frost

The average monthly temperature in the northern part of the province has fallen to about 15 ℃, the end of October has begun to frost, temperature-loving vegetables into the end of the harvest, cold-hardy, half-cold-hardy vegetables into the growth of the season, the focus of agricultural activities in the field of vegetable to the protection of the land.

1, in early October to raise overwintering cauliflower and kale seedlings, seedling age 30 ~ 35 days, after planting mulch cover overwintering.

2, in mid-October solarium a large crop of zucchini started seedlings, seedling age 15 to 20 days. Overwintering a large crop of zucchini is also a good benefit of a kind of cultivation, like cucumber, hanging vine cultivation, a single plant can be about 30 melon, mu benefit can be as high as 30,000 yuan or so.

3, grasp the daylight greenhouse wintering a crop of fruit and vegetable seedlings planting work. Smoking disinfection: available 45% of the white fungus clear fumigant per acre 0.75 kg, Pepsi net fumigant 1 kg, closed fumigation 1 ~ 3 days, after the release of wind exhaust, planting tomatoes, eggplants, chili peppers, cucumbers and other over-wintering crop of vegetable seedlings, the bottom of the fertilizer to be full, the density should be appropriate. To planting before October 10 is the best, because planting late temperature drop, the slow period is long, affecting the robust growth of seedlings, the yield impact is greater. Grass thatched outside a layer of rainproof film, can play a better role in cold insulation.

4, solar greenhouse, the size of the shed after the fall cultivation of vegetables, mid-month are to buckle film, prevent early frost damage, late greenhouse to grass thatch, buckle film, pay attention to wind, to prevent high temperatures appear futile seedlings. Open-air celery buckle small arch with grass thatch, can be delayed harvest 1 to 2 months.

5, this period is the greenhouse tomato, pepper fruit expansion of the critical period, greenhouse autumn extension of tomatoes, peppers should be timely top, promote fruit expansion. Tomatoes in early October to stay three, four spikes of fruit flat top; pepper in mid-October after all the flowers removed and centering, to remove empty branches, reduce nutrient ineffective consumption, promote the formation of commercial fruit. At the same time, continue to use "Khan + imidacloprid" to prevent and control whitefly and whitefly in the fall greenhouse.

6, onion soil cultivation: in October, onion growth speeds up, in order to increase the length of "white onion" and improve the quality of onion, the ditch onion is cultivated for 2~3 times, and the height of each cultivation is not less than 10㎝, and attention is paid not to press the heart leaf.

7, strengthen radish, cabbage in the middle and late management: radish growth in October into the fleshy root rapid expansion period, cabbage into the heart of the full-fledged period, at this time should be strengthened water and fertilizer management, and to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases, in order to obtain high yield.

8, the end of October ~ November planting onion: onion seedling reaches 4 ~ 5 leaves, stem thickness of 0.5 cm or so to reach the standard of planting, the border spraying "cut grass" after spreading the film, mu planting 2.2 ~ 26,000 plants.

9. In some areas, early spring greenhouses, sunbeds and other multi-layer cover peppers and eggplants began to cold-house seedlings.

10, the beginning of this month, sowing wheat, can be intercropped within the wheat reserved belt set of vegetables, advocating grain, cotton, vegetables, melon set of seeds. Intended to wheat melon or wheat pepper planting, left in the wheat when planting the reserved belt for plowing and fertilizer, and can be interplanted set of short growing spinach, garlic, yellow cabbage, black rape and other cold-hardy vegetables.

November, the festival for the winter and snow

The open-ground planting of temperature-loving vegetables has ended, the half-hardy vegetables to seize the opportunity to do a good job of pre-harvest management; and cold-hardy vegetables, if the area is not enough can still be replanted; greenhouse should be planted in a timely manner to strengthen the prevention of cold and frost work.

1, do a good job in the open ground temperature-loving vegetables such as tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, eggplants, potatoes, etc. pulling seedlings to clear the work of the garden.

2, early November film cover planting for overwintering cultivation of cauliflower seedlings and onion seedlings.

3, grasp the planting of greenhouse celery: greenhouse autumn delayed tomato, cucumber after pulling seedlings, grasp the planting of autumn open field cultivation of celery seedlings. This celery mu planted 30,000 plants, celery mu planted 15,000 plants, the next year in early to mid-March harvest. Then planting cucumbers, peppers, etc., does not affect the greenhouse main crop fruit and vegetable planting.

4, do a good job of radish, cabbage, onion storage work, radish in early November, cabbage and onion harvest in the second half. Yu South region planting open ground wintering winter cabbage, to do a good job of insulation and frost protection under severe winter conditions.

5, strengthen the wintering greenhouse a crop of vegetables, cold insulation work, greenhouse extended autumn chili pepper should be timely on the second film or straw thatch.

6, do a good job of greenhouse multi-layer coverage of tomatoes, peppers, seedlings, in October it is too late to cold bed seedlings, can continue in the greenhouse seedlings.

7, wheat field reserved rows within the planting of spinach or planting winter kale, can also be planted cauliflower or onions. Winter kale harvested in April, without delaying the planting of early watermelon; spring cauliflower harvested in May; onion harvested at the end of May ~ early June.

8, summer seedlings, fall planted celery, winter before and after the timely harvest to prevent freezing.

December, the festival of snow and winter solstice

Outside has entered the cold winter, but the greenhouse is full of spring.December's work is concentrated in the greenhouse and nursery shed.

1, cultivate early next spring cover cultivation of tomato and fruit seedlings. early December the use of greenhouses, hotbeds, tomato, eggplant, pepper seedlings, seedling age of 90 to 100 days, in early to mid-March now big buds planted to large and medium arch greenhouses.

2, precocious kale, cauliflower seedlings in mid to late December in the arched greenhouse or sunny beds sowing seedlings.

3, the protected land delayed celery, autumn delayed greenhouse pepper to strengthen the cold insulation work, and pay attention to disease prevention, to prevent epidemics; autumn greenhouse tomato harvest green fruit storage, supply the New Year's Day market, before the harvest sprayed with fungicide to prevent rotting of the fruit.

4, solar greenhouse management into the cold insulation-based stage, to late thatch, early cover thatch, less wind, but must adhere to more light every day, a short period of time to air ventilation and moisture. Cucumbers, eggplants, peppers can be released at 35 ℃, 28 ℃ wind mouth, 20 ℃ cover thatch; tomatoes, zucchini 30 ℃ wind, 23 ℃ wind mouth, 17 ℃ cover thatch. As little as possible watering (or watering warm well water), watering dark water, preferably on a sunny day, watering after the drainage of moisture to prevent excessive humidity in the shed.

5, open ground overwintering vegetables such as overwintering kale, cauliflower and onions, etc., to pour freezing water in time to prevent cold.