What is the special relationship between painting and intellectual development?
What is the special relationship between painting and intellectual development? Painting is an activity closely coordinated by the eyes, hands and brain, and it has a special relationship between the specific images that are perceived and the goals that are achieved by seeing and feeling and thinking. Let's talk about the special relationship between painting and intellectual development. What is the special relationship between painting and intellectual development 1
1. Observation ability < P > Observation is an important way for children to know things and acquire knowledge, and it is the basis for creativity. Of course, observation is not just a casual look, but an intentional and planned visual perception activity in psychology. All kinds of work are inseparable from observation.
Darwin, a great biologist, said, "I have neither outstanding understanding nor extraordinary wit, but I may be above others in my ability to observe things that are fleeting."
painter qi Baishi said, "I have painted shrimp for decades, which makes it fascinating." He raised shrimp in a water tank and put it on his desk. He carefully observed the various dynamics of shrimp all the time before painting it "alive". Children's learning is also directly related to observation, and children with strong observation ability are also strong in reading and writing, and it is easy to distinguish the detailed differences of font strokes.
Children's compositions are rich in content and vivid in description, which has a lot to do with his learning to observe since childhood.
We should create conditions to broaden children's horizons, enrich their lives and let them know life with a happy mood. Start with what they are more interested in. Where they have their own fun, they observe carefully and carefully, and the more concrete and vivid the paintings they draw.
children will find details that others have not paid attention to. Recording these observations and findings is the Observation Diary. You can observe the scenery, such as the changes of seasons (spring, summer, autumn, winter, wind, sunny, rain and snow) and time (morning, noon and night).
Children go to the park to observe the four seasons of trees, the ripples on the water, pavilions and distant mountains. On holidays, there are big activity scenes for children to observe on the spot, so as to observe the atmosphere as a whole and the characteristics as a part.
Children are interested in animals, while elephants, giraffes and monkeys with outstanding personalities tend to attract children. You can go to the zoo to observe their different forms and living habits.
Children will compare them to people's families (children of their parents), and the animals they draw will look lively and lovely. Children can also draw animal stories by themselves.
Children find it difficult to draw people. Although they are familiar with people every day, they often turn a blind eye and pay little attention to them, so there is no difference in the characteristics of people drawn.
Children can be guided to observe from their families. There are many differences in people's appearance and dressing. As long as he observes carefully, grasps the characteristics and compares them, he will find that people are very different. Of course, it is impossible for children to observe people in detail to their appearance and expression characteristics. During the period of children's painting, it is only necessary to draw the differences between different people's clothes and hairstyles.
It is difficult for children to concentrate during observation. In order to improve the observation effect, questions can be asked before observation, so that children can observe with questions and ask questions while watching. The choice of observation content and the requirements of depth should be determined according to the age level of the child. The younger age is simpler and simpler, and it will gradually become more complicated after learning.
Some of them need repeated observation to deepen their understanding. You can observe the whole before the local observation, or you can observe the whole after the local observation. You can also use comparative methods to let children distinguish the similarities and differences of things.
Leonardo da Vinci, a famous Italian painter, started painting eggs when he was a child. His teacher said to him, "Don't think it's easy to draw eggs. In fact, no two eggs in a thousand are the same." This is for him to learn to observe and compare. We can also guide children to observe from the objects in daily life.
The household utensils (furniture, bottles, boxes, pots and pans, etc.) are simple in shape, and there are also suitable geometric shapes (cubes, cylinders, cones, etc.), which can cultivate children's generalization ability of understanding objects.
Of course, children always draw objects with their own feelings, such as their mother's schoolbag, their father's desk, my toys and my home. Static objects bring emotional colors, and they move.
2. Memory ability
The purpose of observation is to accumulate, and human wisdom is the result of accumulating knowledge. The accumulation of knowledge is inseparable from memory. The language of painting is image, and the accumulation of image depends on memory.
Many writers, painters and actors often have strong visual memory, and they can accurately reproduce the instant scenes of characters in writing, painting and performance, which is because they have developed amazing image memory through long-term observation.
Like a painter's dance sketch, the dancer's movements are so fast and constantly changing that the painter's sketch skills can't catch up even if he is skilled. It is impossible to write only by looking at the eyes. You must draw by brain memory on the basis of being familiar with the dance movements.
China's painting tradition attaches great importance to the painter's ability of "painting silently". The famous "Han Xizai's Night Banquet" was drawn by the painter Gu Hongzhong after peeking at the scene of enjoying himself and his guests, maids and concubines outside Han Xizai's home for several nights, which shows the painter's profound observation and memory.
Children's memory is mainly unconscious, and most of their knowledge comes from unconscious memory. He didn't remember something purposefully, but he remembered it naturally.
For children, the effect of memory is good or bad. As soon as it is influenced by the characteristics of external things, intuitive, vivid and vivid things are easy to remember. Second, dominated by children's interests, things with strong interests are easy to remember.
It is a good way to train children's image memory. Let him draw what he is interested in silently after observation, or draw it silently after reading a picture book and telling a story. Over time, he will form a habit, and his mind will store rich images, and he will feel very free to draw anything.
Children who get into the habit of copying and painting can only draw according to the picture book, but they can't draw without the picture book. It is this kind of image memory that they lack.
3. Thinking ability
Thinking is the processing and reflection of reality by the human brain. After analyzing and summarizing what we observe, we find the internal relations of things, grasp the law of development, and make inventions. The development of thinking ability is very important for children to learn, master and use knowledge.
It is not difficult to observe that a well-drawn child is active in thinking and rich in imagination. That is because he is exposed to many things in painting activities, is stimulated by perception, has accumulated rich perceptual knowledge, and carries out positive thinking activities in images. Children's thinking is mainly based on image thinking, and he thinks with concrete images and even through his own actions.
You give him a doll, and he plays with it in his hands and takes it away, and his thinking of holding it stops. In the future, thinking will be gradually separated from actions and objects, and the concrete image in cognitive activities will be relatively reduced, while the analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization and abstraction will be gradually increased. This is the process of forming abstract thinking.
Therefore, children should see more, listen more, get in touch with nature, society and participate in various meaningful activities through painting. Encourage children to think more about problems and cultivate the habit of thinking. In the late stage of children's painting, it is not enough to observe and remember intuitively, but also need corresponding understanding.
The art of painting depends not only on thinking in images, but also on corresponding abstract thinking (the ability to analyze, compare, summarize and choose), so that the quality of painting works can be improved and children's painting can make a smooth transition to adult painting. What is the special relationship between painting and intelligence development? 2
According to Howard gardner, a psychologist at Harvard University in the United States, he put forward a theory called "Multiple Intelligences". Gardner confirmed that the human brain has six kinds of intelligence, and each intelligence is controlled by a "cell" of the brain.
Two of them are familiar to people, that is, language intelligence and mathematical intelligence, but people are unfamiliar with the other four kinds of intelligence. Gardner summed them up as follows: musical intelligence, spatial intuitive intelligence, physical activity intelligence, personal intelligence to control emotions and observe others' emotions.
All kinds of intelligence can not only function independently, but also cooperate with each other to form a unified view of the objective world. Therefore, the so-called "intelligence" is a comprehensive mixture of observation, analysis and understanding of information.
However, the current "IQ" test for children is unscientific, mainly by testing the intelligence of language use and mathematical operation.
The types of children's intelligence are different, and it is impossible to have all the intellectual talents in one person. But finding out what advantages children have early and cultivating them in accordance with their aptitude may help them become talents as soon as possible.
According to observation and psychological research data at home and abroad, children's drawing ability, like their intellectual development, is regular and the order will not be reversed. Many scholars have divided the development process of children's painting into several stages through research, and each stage has the characteristics of this period.
According to the published data, art educator Gexian Xiutainer collected 3, children's paintings to study, and divided the development process of children's paintings into five stages:
① Wrong painting period: scribbling various lines.
② Schema period: it is painted with marks, symbols and schemas, with a slight shape.
③ Emotional period for lines: I am very interested in drawing shapes with lines.
④ I want to show the period of the real thing: I draw the real thing with the outline, but I don't know how to show the distance, so it's not like the real thing.
⑤ The period of correctly expressing shapes: knowing the distance, light and shade, and being realistic.
In 1943, Herbert Read quoted Baxter's stages in Psychology and educational test in his book Education through Art:
① Graffiti period: 2 or 3 years old.
② line: 4 years old.
③ Narrative symbolism: 5 or 6 years old.
④ Narrative realism: 7 or 8 years old.
⑤ visual realism: 9 or 1 years old.
⑥ inhibition period: dissatisfied with the painting and losing interest, aged 11 ~ 14.
⑦ revival period of art: youth.
in 1952, the stages of Victor Ronneffei's "creation and mental development" were as follows:
① Misdrawing period: 2-4 years old, from aimless doodling to purposeful doodling.
② Pre-schema period, 4-7 years old, expressing his ideas with schema symbols.
③ schema period; 7 ~ 9 years old, subjectively emphasizing the characteristics of schema.
④ Early stage of realism: 9-11 years old, getting rid of the schema and describing it like a real thing.
⑤ Realistic period: 11 ~ 13 years old, showing similar and childlike techniques.
⑥ Stagnation period: Stagnation or lack of interest after the age of 15.
According to the analysis of the above scholars, although the stages are different, we can still find out the same track of the development of children's painting: at first, we can only draw some lines without images, which is called graffiti; Gradually from the unconscious to the conscious expression of graffiti, but still can not see the specific image; Then it develops into a symbolic symbol to express intuitive feelings and draw physical objects; Finally, achieve the ability to be realistic.
According to the actual situation and observation of children in China, the development process of children's painting can be divided into the following stages:
① Graffiti period; About 1 ~ 3 years old.
② symbolic period (also called symbolic period of representation): 3-5 years old.
③ subjective sensory performance period: 5 ~ 9 years old.
④ visual realism period: after 9 years old.
in real life, people's intellectual development is fast and slow, and their level is high and low. The reasons for this difference can be summed up in two aspects: one is genetic factors, and the other is environmental influence.
For a child with normal intellectual development, education, or environmental edification, plays a very important role in children's intellectual development, especially early education. What children learn before the age of six or seven is often unforgettable for life. Many people think that there is an optimal time to learn something.
About 4 years old is a sensitive period of image perception, and necessary music and painting education can make children's talents in this field develop rapidly. The same is true for reading and foreign language teaching. Although children of this age can't read, they can easily remember and recite through language teaching.
It is not uncommon in history that early education produces talents. In 1914, a 15-year-old boy in the United States graduated from Harvard University. His name was William James Saitz, and he was the son of the famous psychologist Boris Saitz.
It is said that he started his education at the age of one and a half, and he was able to read and write fluently in his native language at the age of three. At the age of 5, I began to study physiology, and I actually reached the qualified score of the examination for medical practitioners.
at the age of 6, he entered primary school like other children. On the day of admission, he was enrolled in the first grade at 9 am. However, by the time his mother picked him up at school at noon, he was already a third-grade student and graduated from primary school that year.
at the age of seven, he taught himself advanced mathematics at home because he was not old enough to enter middle school, because he had already learned ancient and modern linguistics.
at the age of eight, he entered middle school and got excellent grades in all subjects, especially in mathematics.
Soon he mastered all the teaching contents in middle school, so he dropped out of school and taught himself. At the age of 9 and 1, he taught himself for two years and entered Harvard University at the age of 11.
This kind of example is also found in China. Teenagers study university courses, which is what the world calls a child prodigy. There are also many outstanding children in calligraphy and painting. Since ancient times, it has been said, "A child prodigy at the age of 1, a gifted scholar at the age of 15, and a mortal after 2."
The so-called prodigies are not extraordinary people. Children show their talents in some aspects earlier, which shows that they are intelligent people after early education. Some people have made outstanding achievements when they were young. Will they become great in adulthood?
that depends on the degree of personal efforts. There are also many great figures who are late bloomers. For example, Qi Baishi, a master of art in China, was a carpenter in his early years. After 57 years old, he formed a unique artistic style and became a world-famous painter in his 9s.
At present, many parents look forward to their children's success. When they see that their children can draw a few strokes, they look for teachers and friends everywhere to find out if their children are talented in this field. When they see that their children can draw two strokes of Chinese painting, they are considered as "prodigies" by chance. It is necessary to give appropriate encouragement to children's painting. If it is over-publicized, it will not be good for children.
Children should pay attention to cultivating interest and perseverance when learning painting, because in education, besides intelligence, there is another factor-personality.
Some people refer to the biographies of 53 scholars (including scientists, inventors and theorists) and 47 artists (including poets, writers and painters) at home and abroad, and find that they are not only extremely intelligent, but also have some personality characteristics that are similar to each other:
① studious and tireless;
② bravely overcome all kinds of difficulties in order to realize the ideal;
③ study and practice with an open mind;
④ believe in your own.