(Tang Fuguo)

The groundnut seedling (Lycopus lucidus Turcz.) is also known as ground bamboo shoots, tiger orchid, ganoderma lucidum, ground skittering seedling, and square-stemmed zeolan. It is a perennial herb in the family of Labiatae. It is widely distributed throughout the country and is cultivated; it is also distributed in other countries in eastern Asia. The whole herb is called Zelan. Containing volatile oil, flavonoid glycosides, phenols, amino acids, zeran sugar, tannins and resins. Pharmacological experiments have proved that it has cardiotonic effect. Bitter, pungent, slightly warm in nature. It has the functions of activating blood circulation, removing blood stasis, and promoting menstruation and diuresis. It is mainly used for treating irregular menstruation, amenorrhea and dysmenorrhea, postpartum abdominal pain with blood stasis, and bruises and injuries. The rhizome is used as medicine is called ground bamboo shoots. Contains zeylanose, glucose, galactose, sucrose, cotton seed sugar, fructose and so on. Functions: Promoting blood circulation, benefiting vital energy and eliminating water. The main treatment of vomiting blood, blood, postpartum pain in the heart and abdomen, bring down and so on.

The following plants of the same genus are still used in a few areas as medicine. For example, in Shandong Province, there are plants of Lycopus lucidus Turcz.var.hirtus Reg. and L. lucidus Turcz.var.taiwanensis Hayata; in Jilin Province, there are plants of L. parviflorus Maxim. and L. parviflorus Maxim. In Jilin Province, L. parviflorus Maxim., L. maackianus (Maxim) Mak. and L. coreanus Levl are used; in Xinjiang, L. europaeus L. is used.

I. Morphological Characteristics

The plant is 1-2 m tall, and the rhizome is transverse, white, plump and fleshy, with obvious nodes. Stem erect, single and less branched, 4-angled, shallow longitudinal grooves on all sides, surface yellowish green or purplish, purple at the nodes, bearing white velvet, pith hollow, leaves opposite, short-stalked or sessile, narrowly lanceolate, leaf margins coarsely serrate, densely glandular dots below. Verticillasters axillary; flowers bisexual, opposite on both sides, small crowded; corolla white, inconspicuously 2-lipped, upper lip erect, 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed; stamens 4, anterior pair of stamens fertile, posterior pair reduced to a rod-shaped pseudostamen; pistil composed of 2 carpels, ovary superior. Nutlets flattened, dark brown (Figs. 16-17).

Figure 16-17 Morphology of groundnut seedling

1. Plant 2. pistil 3. corolla dissected to show stamens 4. flower 5. rhizome

II. Biological Characteristics

Wildly found in the lowland of mountains and fields, or in bushes and grasses along the streams. It likes warm and moist environment. The plant grows vigorously in the hot and rainy season of May-June, blooms in July-September, and fruits ripen in September-October. The rhizome can overwinter naturally in the soil. Waterlogging resistance, like fertilizer. Suitable for growing in sunny, moist, deep, humus-rich loam or sandy loam. Dry, lack of irrigation conditions and too thin land is unfavorable to its growth.

Three, cultivation techniques

(a) Selection and preparation of land

The requirements for the cultivation of land are not strict. Mountains, plains and ditches can be planted on both sides. But to choose the ventilation and light of the lot, deep tillage, loose, moist, fertile loam or sandy loam is appropriate. Before planting the land, with rotting stable fertilizer as the base fertilizer, tilling and harrowing, leveling the land, make a border width of 1.2m.

(B) propagation methods

Rhizome propagation, or seed propagation. The rhizome reproduction is the main production.

1. Rhizome propagation

When digging rhizomes, choose white, thick, young rhizomes, cut into small sections 10-15cm long, according to the row spacing of 30-45cm, plant spacing of 15-20cm, digging planting holes, planting 2-3 small sections per hole, cover with thick soil, and then plant in the soil. -3 small sections, mulch 5cm thick, slightly suppressed, fully watered. Winter planting in the early spring of the following year, spring planting by 10-12 days of seedlings. Each acre with 50-60kg of seed stems.

2. Seed propagation

After the seed harvest, in March-April strip sowing, row spacing of 30cm. sowing mulch, a little compaction, and grass and other cover, fully watered, keep the soil moist. The amount of seed sown per mu is about 250g.

(C) Field management

After the emergence of seedlings, remove the cover, timely inter-seedling. The first inter-seedling, keep the plant spacing 5cm; the second inter-seedling, keep the plant spacing 10cm; set seedling, keep the plant spacing 15cm or so, each place to stay strong seedlings 1-2. In the seedling period, plow and weed the soil 2-3 times. During the growing period, pay attention to irrigation and keep the soil moist. When the seedlings are about 15cm high, and after the first harvest, they should be fertilized with rotted human and animal manure water, or 15kg of ammonium sulphate per mu. It is advisable to apply soil miscellaneous fertilizers and rotted human and animal manure after the winter harvest to protect the rhizomes from over-wintering, and to promote their strong sprouting in the coming spring. After 2-3 years of planting, the plants are overgrown and should be turned over.

(D) pests and diseases and their control

1. Rust

(Puccinia sp.)

Prevention: 200-300 times the solution of sodium dichlorvos with a little synthetic laundry detergent, spraying control.

2. inchworm

(Boarmia sp.)

Larvae feed on leaves in the form of abscission or only the petiole. In June and July at the peak of the larvae, 90% trichlorfon 800-1000 times liquid spray control.

3. Pyrausta phoenicealis Hubner

Pyrausta phoenicealis Hubner

Larvae infest the leaves, see other details of pyrausta.

Four, harvesting and processing

Summer and fall, the stem and leaves will bloom when the growth is luxuriant, cut the whole grass above ground. Southern summer climate is hot and humid, can be harvested 2-3 times a year. But for digging rhizomes for medicine, as well as for seed stems to stay in the seed, in the growth period can not be harvested above ground, so as not to affect the growth of rhizomes. Rhizome harvesting period, the south more in April, in the middle. The whole grass is cut, cut and dried. Rhizome digging, wash, related to dry or dry.