The pomfret is a warm water pelagic fish, large size, large food, fast digestion, grab feeding ferocious, its growth is rapid, from the seedling to start farming, 3-6 months up to 400-600g of the market specifications, farmers can be based on the characteristics of pomfret growth speed, choose to increase feeding in the fastest-growing pomfret in the months of June, July and August! The rapid growth of gold pomfret, as soon as possible to reach the market specification, compression of its growth cycle, reduce risk. Golden pomfret artificial aquaculture mainly have net box culture and pond culture two modes.
Net culture
One, the choice of sea area and the preparation of nets
Farming oviparous pomfret should be selected in the net box has a certain wind barrier or relatively small wind and waves, the water flow, water exchange is sufficient, not affected by the inner harbor of the fresh water and the influence of pollution sources, the water quality of the refreshing, the water quality environment is relatively stable sea area. The water depth is generally required to be 10 meters to 15 meters (refers to after low tide), if the deep-water net box, can be set in the water depth of more than 20 meters of the sea area, generally to ensure that at the lowest tide, the net box bottom to the seabed distance should be at least 2m above. In order to ensure the success of aquaculture, the water quality of the aquaculture sea area should meet the following conditions: salinity 20 ‰ ~ 30 ‰, water temperature 18 ℃ ~ 32 ℃, pH 7 ~ 9, transparency of 8 meters ~ 15 meters, dissolved oxygen 5 mg / liter or more.
Farming oviparous pompano net box is generally made of polyethylene material made of net line knitting. The mesh is 2.5 to 3.0 cm, and the net box specifications can be adjusted according to the size of the fry and the actual situation, ranging from 3 meters × 3 meters × 4 meters to 4 meters × 4 meters × 4 meters. With the popularization and application of deep-sea nets, it has been proved that oviparous pompano is also suitable for this kind of net culture. Therefore, in the deep-sea area, deep-water nets with a diameter of 20 meters or more made of high-strength polyethylene (PE) can be used for aquaculture. According to the size of the net box, as well as the different conditions of the tide and wind and waves, can be a single net box single point of fixation, or more than one net box to form a net row, more than one net box composed of net rows should be maintained at a suitable distance, generally required in more than 3 meters, in order to protect the smooth flow of water.
Two, fish stocking
Farming pomfret, seeding time in April-May each year, stocking specifications for 2-3 cm, when the water temperature rises and stabilizes above 18 ℃, that is, the appropriate time to put the fish species. The stocking density of oviparous pompano should be flexibly controlled according to the environmental conditions of water quality in the sea area, the level of aquaculture technology and daily management, the situation of bait sources and the indicators of production and specification requirements. Generally speaking, if you want to harvest early, the body length of about 10 cm of fish fry, can be put for 40 tails / cubic meter ~ 50 tails / cubic meter of water, if there is no hurry to harvest, you can appropriately increase the breeding density. Fish fry should be sterilized before stocking to kill pathogenic bacteria and parasites; after stocking to strengthen the early nutrition of fish fry, strengthen the seedlings, enhance the ability to resist stress.
Three, feeding and management
1, feed feeding
Oviparous pompano jacks are carnivorous fish, in the past the main use of stranded fresh fish feeding, but also can be fed throughout the whole feed and have a better breeding effect. In the golden pomfret net box aquaculture in general use of high-grade saltwater fish puffed with feed for aquaculture.
Golden pomfret has a large appetite and fast digestion. In artificial feeding conditions, after feeding stay not long time, if then feed its favorite food, still fierce scramble. Therefore, in the water temperature suitable for its growth in June, July, August daily baiting can be controlled in the fish weight of more than 20%, while in the water temperature is lower in other months can be appropriate to reduce the amount of bait. There are also some breeders who increase the daily baiting amount to 40% of the fish's body weight by increasing the number of feeding times in the high temperature season in order to make it grow rapidly and compress its growth cycle.
2, daily management
The daily management of the net box culture should be "five hard and one fine", that is, diligently observe, diligently check, diligently test, diligently wash the box and diligently disease prevention, patience and meticulous baiting, as well as prevention of gale, pollution, man-made and other accidents. To often patrol the breeding of oviparous pompano, pay attention to observe the activities of the fish and water color, water quality and other conditions. Generally every day in the morning, in the middle and in the evening should measure the water temperature, air temperature, every week should be measured 1 time PH value, measured 2 times transparency. Every 15 days ~ 20 days or so sampling to measure the body length and weight of oviparous pompano jacks, in order to grasp its growth rate, regularity and so on, to facilitate the determination of bait feeding, and at the same time check the oviparous pompano jacks fish body whether there is a disease occurs.
In the net box culture, the cleaning and replacement of the net box is very important work. The net box system soaked in seawater for a certain period of time, will be more or less attached to barnacles, oysters and other shellfish and a variety of algae, which to a certain extent impedes the smooth flow of water and the exchange of water, thus affecting the growth of oviparous pompano jack and aggravating the sinking force of the net box system. Therefore, in the daily management, according to the amount of attached organisms on the net box and fish culture situation to change the net and cleaning. Generally, the nets should be changed once every 3 to 6 months. When changing the nets, it is necessary to prevent the cultured fish from being involved in the corners of the nets, causing abrasions and death, and the operation should be meticulous. Nets can be cleaned using high-pressure water gun spraying, fresh water immersion, sun exposure and other methods.
3, safety production
In the process of sea water net box culture ovine pompano pomfret should always check the safety of the net box. Should be used on the surface, water (diving) observation method combined with frequent inspection of the net box system attached to the situation, the net box is not broken, all kinds of cable bones are not worn out, the net box system of fixed facilities are solid hard, etc., found that the problem to take appropriate measures to deal with timely, to prevent the problem before it occurs. Before the emergence of catastrophic weather should be taken in the cover net; check and adjust the anchor, pile cable tension, reinforcing the net box rope and fixed rope; check the frame, anchor, pile firmness; breeding personnel, boats to move to the wind port and other measures to prevent.
4, harvest
The year of artificial hatchery oviparous pomfret fry is generally around 10 cm for release, breeding 4 to 5 months can reach more than 400g of commercial specifications. Generally speaking, the market price of ovipompano jack is better when it is above 600g/tail, so it is recommended to harvest at this time. In addition, farmers can determine the time to start farming or the specification of releasing seedlings according to the growth of oviparaffin pomfret and market forecast, in order to get the maximum benefit.
Earth pond culture
One, breeding conditions
Test pond 3, located in Zi Nai Town, Gan Wen ecological aquaculture demonstration area, the same size, each pond area of 12 acres, rectangular, north-south direction, the pond is open to the sun, the depth of the pond is 2m, the slope ratio of l: 2.5, sandy mud substrate, the bottom of the pond silt 6cm-10cm. water source for the Kiu Long River in the port of the water, drainage and irrigation is convenient, can use the tidal change into the drainage, can use the tidal change into the drainage. Can use the tidal changes into the drainage, water quality fresh and pollution-free, pH 7.0-8.2, salinity range between 5 ‰ -12 ‰, ammonia nitrogen content is less than 0.5mg / L, nitrite content is less than 0.1mg / L.
Two, the pond transformation and disinfection of pond
Use of dry ponds in the winter aeration after tilling and leveling, reinforcement, heightening of the pool bank, to the inlet and outlet gate Leakage, collapse repair, remove too much silt. Pool depth of 2.5m, the pool has an independent water intake and drainage system, the water inlet installed 40 mesh -50 mesh sieve silk screen, to prevent wild fish into. Each pool is installed with 4 sets of 0.75kW water tanker type oxygenator. Inside the pool, there is a temporary holding tank with an area of 1mu-1.5mu. After the transformation of each acre with 100kg lime water after dry pool splashing disinfection.
Three, seedling placement and management
1. 15 days before seedling placement, into the water 80cm, per mu with 10kg-15kg tea seed cake soaked in warm water for 24 hours and then splashed the whole pool to kill wild fish eggs. Put 100kg~150kg of fermented organic fertilizer per mu, when the pool water is yellowish green or tea brown, you can prepare to put the fish fry.
2. To the middle of May, the water temperature reaches 20 ℃, per mu stocking body length of 2.5cm-3cm desalination of pompano pomfret fry 2500 tails, fry purchased from Xiamen, the first put in the temporary pool cultivation. Each mu mixed 200 tail body length of 5cm-6cm scads fry, 4000 tail body length of 1.5cm desalinated shrimp fry, directly into the pond. Put seedlings when the pond water tea brown, rich in natural bait organisms, transparency of 30cm, salinity of 80 ‰.
3. Seedling standardized rough ovoid pompano jack fry in the temporary pool 24 hours aerated oxygen, 2 days after the seedling began feeding zooplankton or just hatching brine shrimp knotless larvae, 1 week after the use of grinded surimi, add 30% powdered eel with feed, mixing are pinched into a small ball, put in the fishnet, each temporary pool placed 6 -8 fishnets, feed 2 times a day! The daily feeding rate is 1,000g-1,500g per 10,000 fry, and gradually domesticate the oviparadox 0# full-price compound feed. After 20 days of cultivation, ovate pompano scads grow to 4cm-5cm, can open the temporary pond, so that the fish species into the big pond.
Four, aquaculture management
1. Baiting management oviparous scads using 43% crude protein content of oviparous scads special puffed pellet feed feeding, mixed mullet, prawns do not separate baiting. According to the size of the fish specifications to choose a different type of feed, the first with 0 # material, 1 # material, 2 # material, 3 # material in the middle and late. According to the weather, water quality and flexibility to adjust the amount of bait, generally low-temperature rainy days less feeding, sunny days with high temperatures more feeding; water temperature of about 20 ℃ feeding 2 times a day, the daily bait for the fish body weight of 8% -10%; June - September water temperature of 25 ℃ -35 ℃, ovipositive pomfret scads feeding exuberant growth Fast, feeding 3 times a day - 4 times a day, the daily amount of bait increased to more than 15% of the fish weight; high temperature and hot weather to moderately control the amount of bait, to avoid overeating pompano scads. Feeding feed should be nutritionally comprehensive, regularly add the United States Naxin (International) Biological Nutrition Co., Ltd. products "Silver Yellow Vivid Red VC" or Weifang Oriental Ocean (Canada SASKAATCHEWAN University) Biotechnology Research and Development Center products "activation peptide
2. Water quality control to maintain the water level, the breeding of fish ponds in the early stages of the gradual addition of water, add water 5cm-10cm per day, the pond water transparency is maintained at 30cm-40cm, has been to the pond water depth of 1.5m before the beginning of the gradual change of water, every 2 days - 3 days to change the water 20cm-30cm. high-temperature period of the water level to maintain the more than 2m, and where appropriate, to increase the amount of water and the number of times of water change. The water level is kept above 2m during the high temperature period, and the amount and frequency of water changes are increased as appropriate. Breeding in the late stage, with the increase in the amount of bait, the pond water to accumulate a large number of residues, excreta, increase the pond organic oxygen consumption, should be added to open the oxygenator, every 15 days to apply a Weifang Oriental marine products "Oriental bacterial king" (ammonia nitrogen / nitrite degradation agent), the dosage of 150-200 / mu - m, highly efficient degradation of pond water in the organic residues, fish and shrimp excretion. The dosage is 150-200/mu-m, which can efficiently degrade the organic residues, fish and shrimp excreta in the pool water, reduce the content of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite; stabilize the PH value, inhibit the growth of fungi and pathogenic microorganisms through nutrients, site competition and secretion of substances similar to antibiotics, and maintain the ecological balance of the beneficial bacterial groups and plankton in the water; and splash Oriental Marine Products "Bottom Reform Pioneer" in the whole pool every 15-20 days, which can immediately increase the number of bacteria in the pool water.
3. Daily management Daily management should be done in the morning, midday and evening at least three pond patrols, to observe the ovipositive pompano scads feeding, found that the ovipositive pompano scads feeding abnormalities or dead fish to find out the reasons for the treatment of symptoms in a timely manner. Often check the inlet and outlet filters, remove debris, found broken and replaced in a timely manner, pay attention to changes in water quality, found that the deterioration of the pond water should be filled with new water in a timely manner, the first stage of aquaculture to open the machine to increase the oxygen 2 times a day, at noon to open the machine for 1 hour - 2 hours, before dawn to open the machine for 3 hours - 5 hours; in the middle and late stages of the appropriate increase in the opening of the machine time, cloudy and rainy days, high temperatures In rainy days, high temperature and hot weather, we should turn on the machine in time to increase oxygen, to prevent the pompano scads from floating head without oxygen. Pompano scads have gathering water grabbing habits, add water with a net around the area near the inlet, to prevent the ovipompano scads too densely gathered around the inlet caused by hypoxia and suffocation death.