There are three ways of alcohol catabolism in human body: liver, skin and respiratory system, of which about 95% is oxidized and metabolized through the enzyme system of liver. What is the principle of hangover medicine? Antialcoholism drugs enhance the function of liver enzyme system and exert the working principle of decomposing alcohol. The principle is as follows:
Alcohol Dehydrogenase —— Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase
Alcohol (ethanol)-acetaldehyde-acetic acid-carbon dioxide and water-elimination
CH3CH2OH—C2H4O—C2H4O2
The catabolism of alcohol in human body mainly depends on two enzymes in the liver enzyme system: one is alcohol dehydrogenase and the other is acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. Alcohol dehydrogenase can remove two hydrogen atoms from alcohol molecules and decompose ethanol into acetaldehyde. On the other hand, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase can remove two hydrogen atoms from acetaldehyde, thus converting acetaldehyde into acetic acid and finally decomposing it into carbon dioxide and water.
If the human body has these two enzymes, it can quickly decompose alcohol, and the central nervous system is less affected by alcohol. There are alcohol dehydrogenases in the human body, and the number is basically equal. But there are more people who lack acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. Due to the lack of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, alcohol can not be completely decomposed into water and carbon dioxide, but acetaldehyde remains in the body, which makes people feel sick, unconscious and uncomfortable after drinking. Therefore, people who are not good at drinking and drink less than reasonable standards belong to people who are deficient in acetaldehyde dehydrogenase or completely deficient. For people who are good at drinking, if they drink too much and too fast, which exceeds the decomposition ability of two enzymes, they will also get drunk.
Whether a person is drunk or not depends on the concentration of ethanol in the blood. When the concentration of ethanol in blood is 0.05-0. 1%, people begin to be slightly drunk and carefree; When it reaches 0.3%, people will be inarticulate and hesitant, which is what we often call drunkenness; If it reaches 0.7%, people will die. The tolerance of ethanol varies from person to person.
Second, what are the anti-hangover drugs in the hospital?
In fact, the anti-alcoholism drugs sold in the market are mainly liver-protecting ingredients. Even if you go to the hospital to relieve hangover, it is mainly infusion of glucose and physiological saline, plus some proton pump inhibitors to inhibit gastric acid and some liver-protecting drugs. For unconscious drunken patients, naloxone will be used as appropriate to wake them up. Therefore, the method of sobering up mainly depends on a large amount of infusion, and the purpose of a large amount of infusion is to promote the excretion of alcohol in the body as soon as possible.
Generally speaking, in the face of drunken patients, on the one hand, doctors will give appropriate rehydration to protect gastric mucosa, accelerate alcohol metabolism and prevent gastrointestinal bleeding; In the face of drunkenness or respiratory depression, patients will be given corresponding drugs to relieve symptoms; On the other hand, hospital doctors will conduct detailed physical examination, blood drawing, examination and evaluation for the above problems, actively correct hypoglycemia, hypokalemia and other problems, find pancreatitis, cerebral hemorrhage and myocardial infarction in time, and carry out treatment as soon as possible. Patients are usually advised to stay in the emergency room for observation until they wake up.