Look at the picture and you can be sure it's not Guizijiang. This is a short double-petalled perennial sunflower. Short double-petalled perennial sunflower, scientific name: Sunflower Beauty, also known as small sunflower, thin-leafed sunflower, European lotus, thousand-petalled sunflower, thousand-petalled sunflower Category: Perennial perennial flower family: Compositae sunflower is native to western Europe and the Mediterranean coast. Leaves, stems and flowers are like sunflowers, and the flowering period is very long. Cultivation in Shandong open field can last from early June to the end of September, and the natural flowering period is 120 days. Summer is its peak flowering period, which can make up for the lack of flowers and yellow flowers at this time. Even if the tree is pulled up three times, it can still bloom about 100 flowers at the same time. Each flower blooms for a long time, with midsummer 13 days and autumn 20 days. The flower is yellow, double, big and beautiful. Potted plants, garden flower beds and roadside cultivation can be used, and they are also good materials for cutting vases, so this kind of flowers is most suitable for ground planting and group configuration of lace, flower belts and flower beds. Dwarf double-petal perennial sunflowers have many advantages, which are suitable for landscaping, especially for groups such as flower fences, flower borders, parking lots, squares, courtyards, street gardens and flower beds in the cold north. It is an excellent resource worthy of application. Morphological characteristics short double-petalled perennial sunflower and Jerusalem artichoke belong to the same family, but they are both perennial herbaceous perennial flowers. Erect growth, multi-branched, off the ground 15 cm, one bud per leaf. The plant blooms from the ground 15 cm and reaches the top, with a plant height of 40 ~ 150 cm. Sometimes there are thick rhizomes. The stem is upright. The lower leaves are opposite, the upper leaves are alternate, the leaves are thin, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, and the edges are toothed. The largest lobe is 2 1 cm long and 17 cm wide, with a sharp tip and three veins, thick serrated edges and rough surface. The head is terminal, with a diameter of 5 ~ 8 cm; The tongue flower is yellow. Achenes are smooth. The natural flowering period is from July to September. The fruit ripens from August to 10. The tongue-shaped petals of flowers are golden yellow, overlapping thousands of layers without revealing the core. Because the tongue-shaped flowers are developed, the petals are wrapped around the flower heart layer by layer, and the L bisexual flowers are surrounded, which plays the role of isolated pollination, so there are few pollination opportunities and few mature seeds. Generally, seeds are not used for propagation, and early spring branching method is used for propagation. The ornamental application of short double-petal perennial sunflower has many advantages. Each flower blooms in summer 1 1 day and in Mid-Autumn Festival 18 days. Thousands of flowers will bloom every day as long as the cut flowers or residual flowers are cut in time. It is not only an excellent cut flower, but also a popular garden flower in Beijing. It is the first choice for parks, blocks and tourist attractions to beautify the environment. Isolated planting is an elegant landscape. It is worth popularizing and applying in courtyards and gardens. Buying and selling seedlings can also make huge profits. Its disk is simple and lovely, its petals are dazzling, golden and precious, beautiful and generous, and everyone loves it, symbolizing wealth and good fortune. It is a vivid flower arrangement material. Bottle culture can add some pastoral scenery to the environment. In the cut flower market, it is very popular, and the price in Beijing market is 2-3 yuan per branch. Planting 360 plants per mu, the annual harvest of plants (clumps) can reach 150-200 plants, and the economic benefits are considerable. Once planted, it will benefit forever, so it is called "green gold, forever green bank". Distribution origin in Illinois, North America "is widely cultivated all over the world now, but it is rare in Chinese mainland." The dwarf double-petalled perennial sunflower with growth habit has strong adaptability, lax requirements on soil quality, normal growth and flowering in acid, alkali and cohesive soil, strong salt tolerance and drought resistance, and high Berberis content, so it is an ideal potted flower and cut flower. . In areas above -30℃, you can safely overwinter without any protection. In arid, windy, open and snow-free areas, cover with heat-insulating weeds, straws, wheat combs and livestock manure, and also protect normal overwintering by ridging. Like warmth, like sunshine, drought-tolerant, not afraid of high temperature and sunshine, strong cold tolerance, barren tolerance, the best growth and flowering temperature is 15℃ ~ 35℃, and it can grow and bloom at 7℃ ~ 40℃. After autumn in the north, when the temperature is below 0℃ for a long time, the seedlings begin to hibernate. They are still green when hibernating and can withstand the low temperature of-15℃. The requirements for soil quality are not strict. Acidic soil in the south and alkaline soil in the north can grow, and fertile loam is better with sandy soil. The first breeding method is sowing, which can be carried out in March-April in spring. Seeds can be directly sown on the prepared seedbed, covered with a colorless plastic film to keep moisture and raise temperature. After the seedlings come out, the plastic film is removed for thinning, and the seedlings are transplanted and planted when they grow 1 true leaves. Every year, it takes about 3 months from sowing to harvesting finished products, and then to sowing and seedling raising. The second is the propagation of roots and foot buds. Because the tongue-shaped petals wrap the female inflorescence, there are few pollination opportunities and seeds are not easy to form, so they can be propagated through roots and foot buds. Because of its strong tillering ability, the flowering quality will be affected in two years. It is a necessary measure to dig two-thirds of the rootstock seedlings in the original plant (cluster) every year for replanting. When the foot buds are propagated and melted in early spring, they are covered with transparent plastic film and heated to accelerate germination. The seedlings are 5 cm to 10 cm high, dug up one by one, cut and cultivated on the prepared planting ground, and can survive to form plants under suitable humidity. After taking full buds from the original plants for the first time, cover them with 2-3 cm of humus soft soil to continue to accelerate germination. When the foot buds grow to more than 5 cm again, they will differentiate into plants again, which can last for many times, and then the roots will be planted, and they can still bloom into piers that year. Each pier can be divided into about 50 foot buds every year. According to the climate, the separated foot buds can be planted directly in the open field or in bags indoors. Cutting with sufficient buds in advance for greenhouse cultivation. It blooms from March to April. If the National Day is required to enter the full flowering period, the foot buds can be cut off in late June, transplanted and planted in early August, and flowered in the middle and late September. Strong resistance, foot bud cutting survival rate 100%. Cultivation measures After the spring is warm, sowing can be carried out in March in the south and April in the north. Pots with a diameter of more than 20 cm should be selected for potted plants, one for each pot. Potted plants do not grow well. The ground planting row spacing is 0.8 ~ 1m, and the plant spacing is 0.4 ~ 0.6m It is also possible to plant 3 ~ 6 plants per square meter, with seedlings planted in holes at equal intervals. Select seedlings with good root system and strong disease-free, and plant seedlings with thermal insulation facilities 30 ~ 40 days in advance. The roots of seedlings grow near the upper part of the stem, usually the main roots. When planting seedlings, straighten the roots and plant them face down. Suitable for shallow planting, the roots can be buried tightly with soil to expose the seedling heart and water it. It will bloom about 30 days after sowing. If seedlings are raised in a seedling tray, they should be planted in a deep seedling tray when sowing, and seedlings can be transplanted two weeks after sowing. The optimum soil temperature for transplanting seedlings is 65438 05℃. In frost-free areas in winter, it can grow in the field all year round, while in cold areas in winter, it needs to be cultivated under the protection of greenhouse. Before disinfection and sowing, the soil should be ploughed and loosened to improve the soil structure and drainage. Good soil permeability is very important for its growth. Pruning and managing the short double-petal perennial sunflower planted in small pots can cut off all the stems and branches around the whole plant, leaving only one stem and branch to make it independent, properly controlling water and fertilizer, and cultivating low and independent small potted flowers. Leave 3 ~ 5 stems and branches in a medium-sized pot, and leave 8 ~ 12 stems and branches in a large flowerpot for fullness. Flower beds are planted without pruning. After the seedlings grow up, they should be buried with multi-element fertilizers of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium or decomposed livestock manure or dregs cake for several times. In the middle and late stage, it is necessary to remove too many dense branches in the inner room and cut off the decaying flowers to make them ventilated and transparent. Both the north and the south of China can overwinter outdoors naturally. When sleeping, cut off the branches and stems above and water them once. It is safe to overwinter at 0℃ to -5℃ in the northeast cold region by burying or covering facilities such as plastic greenhouses with sand. In drought-resistant and drought-prone areas, there is no need to manually trim the landscape, and the crown is naturally symmetrical and full. Extensive management: this kind of flower has strong resistance to stress, rarely infected with pests and diseases, and can naturally grow into beautiful flowers with full shape without artificial pruning and shaping. Management is labor-saving, and you can see it for many years with one kind. If you want to add color to the festival, you can also artificially control the flowering period. If potted in greenhouse, it will bloom in mid-April; If the National Day is required to enter the full flowering period, buds with feet can be cut off in early July, transplanted into pots in early August, and at the same time, the buds can be picked to promote branches, and flowers can begin in mid-September. By the National Day, 5- 10 flowers will be in full bloom in each pot. Removing the terminal bud is beneficial to the growth of lateral branches and makes the size of lateral branches uniform. After this treatment, one plant can harvest 7 ~ 10 commercial flower stems, the stem length is 70 ~ 80 cm, and the whole plant height can reach 120 ~ 170 cm. Fertilizer and water management: I like heavy fertilizer, but it is not suitable for excessive fertilization. Water and fertilizer mixed drip irrigation system can be used for fertilization. The fertilizer can be applied alternately with water-soluble calcium nitrate and potassium nitrate with the concentration of 175 ~ 200 ppm, and ammonia nitrogen can be used to promote the growth of stems. Although the big water and fertilizer flowers are big, they will break in the wind. Transplanting short double-petalled perennial sunflowers with a height of more than half a meter or transplanting them at flowering stage, and watering them on cloudy days can survive. 4 hours after transplanting at flowering stage, it must be watered. Perennial sunflowers are drought-tolerant. Generally, they should wait until their leaves wilt slightly before watering. Open cultivation 10 day, watering once to make it permeable. The water demand of short-growing double-petalled perennial sunflowers varies greatly at different growth stages. From sowing to budding, it is relatively drought-resistant and requires less water. Moreover, proper drought is beneficial to root growth and enhances drought resistance. The peak of water demand is when the bud is in full bloom. The lack of water in this period has a great influence on flower production. If it is too dry, it needs to be supplemented by irrigation. Sowing and transplanting require the soil to be moist, and then the soil should be moderately moist. When the flowers are ripe, it is necessary to reduce the number and amount of watering. Double-petalled perennial sunflower with low temperature control is native to tropical areas, but it has strong adaptability to temperature, and it is a plant that likes temperature and is cold-resistant. The seeds of short-growing double-petal perennial sunflower have strong low temperature tolerance and stable local temperature. When the temperature is higher than 2℃, the seeds begin to germinate. Seeds can germinate and take root at 4 ~ 5℃; When the local temperature reaches 8 ~ 10℃, it can meet the needs of seed germination and emergence. The optimum temperature for germination is 3 1 ~ 37℃. The optimum daytime temperature is 18 ~ 30℃, and the nighttime temperature is 10 ~ 18℃. In the whole growth process, as long as the temperature is not lower than 10℃, it can grow normally. In a suitable temperature range, the higher the temperature, the faster the development. I like strong sunshine, and I didn't find sunburn at 40℃ under direct sunlight. Pests and diseases harm short-double-petalled perennial sunflowers: locusts eat leaves, aphids harm flower buds, Lepidoptera larvae harm developing embryos, and beetles harm petals and sepals. It can be removed by spraying pyridaben and insecticidal phosphine. Diseases include rust (prevalent in high humidity period), stem rot and powdery mildew. It can be prevented by medium disinfection, reasonable watering, increasing air circulation and intermittent spraying of some protective fungicides. After infection, the infected plants must be removed first, and then sprayed with chlorothalonil, Tujunling and metalaxyl. But we must pay attention to the dosage, interval and compatibility of various drugs. Light-regulated dwarf double-petalled perennial sunflower is a short-day crop. But it is not very sensitive to sunlight. Like plenty of sunshine, its seedlings, leaves and disk have strong phototropism. Sufficient sunshine at seedling stage, Miao Zhuang; Adequate sunshine in the middle growth stage can promote the growth of stems and leaves and the differentiation of flower buds. The cultivation site is planted in the open air. Perennial sunflowers should avoid continuous cropping, the planting area should be well drained, and the time of receiving direct sunlight every day should be not less than 8 hours.