3,5,7-trihydroxy flower (color)? (see flavonoids) derivatives. Also known as anthocyanins. It exists in flowers, fruits, leaves and stems of plants and is red, purple or blue. In anthocyanin molecules isolated from plants, hydroxyl groups of C3 (or C3, C5) often condense with glucose, rhamnose, lactulose and some pentoses to form anthocyanins. Anthocyanin can be divided into three basic types according to its structure: connective tissue, cyanidin and delphinidin. Wild strawberry glycoside is connective tissue -3- galactoside, cyanidin -3.5- diglucoside and paeoniflorin -3.5- diglucoside, and violoside is delphinidin -3- rhamnoside plus p-hydroxycinnamic acid. Anthocyanins and anthocyanins are mostly soluble in hydrophilic solvents such as water and ethanol, and their aqueous solutions often show different colors due to the change of pH value.

Natural substances of proanthocyanidins (OPCs). Decades of research have found that proanthocyanidins not only play an absolute role in the human immune system, but also have the following effects on allergies and asthma:

Alleviate allergies and allergic reactions

Procyanidins can reduce the release of histamine, promote the excess histamine to be stored in cells, and inhibit the degranulation of mast cells, thus alleviating symptoms such as allergy, asthma and hay fever. In European and American countries, most doctors recommend OPC first if they encounter allergies and other discomfort.

What is "proanthocyanidins"?

All plants that can change color in nature contain procyanidins, so eating more fruits and vegetables is good for skin and health. However, we consume very little proanthocyanidins every day, and scientists have found that proanthocyanidins in grapes are as high as 95%. Natural OPC-3 is of great benefit to our health.

The oligomeric proanthocyanidins complex (OPC) is a flavonoid compound (compound organic plant compound) existing in fruits, vegetables and some barks.

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Procyanidins, namely OPCs (oligomeric procyanidins)

Grape seed extract is rich in plant flavonoids (proanthocyanidins or proanthocyanidins) which are most beneficial to human body. There are two basic proanthocyanidins in grape seed extract, one is catechin and the other is epicatechin. These two monomers can be polymerized to form oligomers or polymers. According to the degree of polymerization, dimers to tetramers are usually called oligomers, which are called oligomeric proanthocyanidins in English, abbreviated as OPCs or PCOs, and those above pentamers are called oligomeric proanthocyanidins polymers (PPC). In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of research on the physical and chemical characteristics and biological characteristics of OPCs, and made breakthrough progress. The high content of OPCs and oligomer in grape seed extract ensures the high curative effect of proanthocyanidins in unit dose. Compared with most flavonoids, bioflavonoids OPCs extracted from grape seeds have special structure, good water solubility, high effectiveness, bioavailability of more than 90%, and are easily absorbed by human body, so they are the strongest natural antioxidants found so far. According to the research results of Jacques Masquelier in1951-1971and 1972- 1978, grape seed is considered as the best source of OPCs, which is rich in 92-95%. At the same time, scientific research results show that grape seed extract OPCs is an important anti-aging and anti-cancer natural product in the future, and grape seed extract has obtained medical permission in France. At present, various specifications of OPCs have appeared in the market, and only 65,438+00% monomer, 95% proanthocyanidins and 90% polyphenols are the real grape seed extracts. If the monomer is less than 3% and the polyphenol is 60-70% or even 90%, it is generally considered as proanthocyanidins PPC.

Modern medicine and nutrition believe that free radicals can directly cause many diseases of human body, and are also related to the occurrence of other diseases. The graduate school of French Academy of Sciences has done experiments on scavenging free radicals by OPCs. The results show that proanthocyanidins extracted from grape seeds are one of the most powerful free radical scavengers found so far. Its antioxidant activity is 20 times that of vitamin C and 50 times that of vitamin E. ..

OPCs is used to improve vascular resistance and reduce capillary permeability, and its antioxidant and anti-enzyme effects have been confirmed by several in vivo experimental models to improve capillary permeability. With the increase of age, the elastic fibers in arteries become hard due to gradual oxidation, and arteriosclerosis is a major cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in the elderly. The increase of low-density lipoprotein and cholesterol in the body is also a key factor leading to arteriosclerosis and heart disease. Animal experiments and clinical studies have found that proanthocyanidins extracted from grape seeds can effectively reduce cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels, prevent thrombosis, and help prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Anti-tumor effect OPCs can protect cell DNA from oxidative damage by free radicals, thus preventing gene mutation leading to cancer. There is a kind of cells in the body called "natural killer cells", which can kill cancer cells. Procyanidins can protect these cells and prolong their activity against cancer cells. The Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the former Soviet Union exploded, and many local people were injured by radiation. It is suggested that children living in this area take a kind of Crimea red wine, which is rich in proanthocyanidins, to reduce the impact of nuclear leakage on human body. Breast cancer spreads through protease, which can protect protein from protease. At the same time, OPCs can promote the growth and vitality of normal human gastric mucosal cells and normal urethral epithelial cells.

The theory of anti-radiation free radicals is the basic theory of radiation damage. After irradiation, the body can produce endogenous free radicals, leading to lipid peroxidation and other damage, while OPC has the function of scavenging free radicals and inhibiting oxidative damage.

In Europe and America, OPC enjoys the reputation of "skin vitamins" and "oral cosmetics", and is a beauty anti-wrinkle product favored by women of all ages. Collagen cross-linking is characterized by wrinkles and blisters. OPC can prevent excessive crosslinking, prevent skin wrinkles and blisters, and keep skin soft and smooth.

Allergy when the body comes into contact with some external allergens such as pollen, dust, drugs and foreign proteins (such as seafood such as fish and shrimp), it shows allergic symptoms. Compared with some commonly used antiallergic drugs, OPC is not only effective, but also has a great advantage: there is no side effect of drowsiness after taking ordinary antiallergic drugs.

Other health benefits:

Through its anti-inflammatory, free radical scavenging and connective tissue protection, it provides powerful preventive and therapeutic effects on teeth and gums.

Can effectively prevent and treat spontaneous or drug-induced gastric and duodenal ulcer.

Has therapeutic effect on prostatitis.

Improve joint flexibility and repair collagen in connective tissue. This function is of great help not only to professional athletes, but also to active children and young people.

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Procyanidins (Pr0 ~ 0C S, PAC for short) are a kind of substances that can produce anthocyanins when treated in hot acid, mainly including procyanidins, protodelphinidins, procyanidins and other flavan -3- monoalcohols. ...

Proanthocyanidins are the most effective antioxidants from plants-bioflavonoids. In fact, many foods can also ingest proanthocyanidins, but the content is not much, so it is difficult to ingest enough proanthocyanidins from food alone. In vitro and in vivo experiments show that the antioxidant effect of proanthocyanidins is 30-50 times that of vitamin C and vitamin E.

The antioxidant substances contained in grape seeds are OPC (translated as oligomeric proanthocyanidins and oligomeric proanthocyanidins), which is a kind of grape polyphenol with strong antioxidant effect.