Dexamethasone is a synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone, which is now generally recognized as having a strong anti-inflammatory effect on inflammation caused by various reasons (physical, chemical, biological, immune, etc.). Such as reducing the early inflammation of exudation, edema, capillary dilation, leukocyte infiltration and phagocytosis, thus improving the redness, swelling, pain and other symptoms; late inflammation, it can inhibit the proliferation of capillaries and fibroblasts, delaying the generation of granulation tissue, preventing the formation of adhesions and scars, and reducing the after-effects.

Hormone (Hormone) is the phonetic translation of hormone. The original meaning of the Greek word is "to be active", and it plays an important role in regulating the body's metabolism, growth, development and reproduction. For you a small dose injection should not be a big problem!

It is a chemical information substance synthesized by highly differentiated endocrine cells and secreted directly into the bloodstream, which affects the physiological activities of the human body by regulating the metabolic activities of various tissues and cells. By the endocrine gland or endocrine cell secretion of highly effective biological active substances, in the body as a messenger to transmit information, the body's physiological processes play a regulatory role in the substance is called a hormone. It is an important substance in our life.

Nowadays, all the chemical substances that transmit information through blood circulation or tissue fluid are called hormones. Hormones are secreted in very small amounts, at the level of milligrams (billionths of a gram), but their regulatory effects are extremely pronounced. Hormones have a wide range of effects, but do not participate in specific metabolic processes, but only on specific metabolic and physiological processes play a regulatory role in regulating metabolism and physiological processes to carry out the speed and direction of the body's activities more adapted to the internal and external environmental changes. The mechanism of action of hormones is to transmit the information into the cell through binding with the specialized receptor proteins on the cell membrane or in the cytoplasm, causing a series of corresponding chain changes in the cell, and finally expressing the physiological effects of hormones. The physiological effects of hormones are: to regulate the metabolism of proteins, sugars and fats and water and salt metabolism, to maintain metabolic balance and provide energy for physiological activities; to promote cell division and differentiation, to ensure the normal growth, development and maturation of tissues and organs, and to influence the process of aging; to influence the development of the nervous system and its activities; to promote the development and maturation of the reproductive organs, and to regulate the process of reproduction; to work closely with the nervous system, to make the body and the nervous system, and to make the organism more efficient. The nervous system works closely with the body to enable the body to better adapt to environmental changes. The study of hormones not only allows us to understand the effects of certain hormones on the growth, development and reproduction of animals and human beings, as well as the mechanism of pathogenicity, but also allows us to use hormone measurements to diagnose diseases. Many hormone preparations and their synthetic products have been widely used in clinical treatment and agricultural production. The use of genetic engineering methods to make bacteria produce certain hormones, such as growth hormone, insulin, etc. has become a reality, and has been widely used in clinical applications.

Broadly speaking, it refers to the substances that cause fluids to correlate with each other, but narrowly speaking, that is, it is now generally the fixed parts of the animal body (generally in the endocrine glands) produced without being directly secreted into the body fluids through the ducts and transported to various parts of the body to make certain changes in the activities of some specific tissues of the chemical substances, collectively referred to as hormones. w. M. Bayliss and E. H. St- arling ( W. M. Bayliss and E. H. St- arling (1902) were the first to give the name and definition of "hormone" to a substance with this effect, based on their discovery of the substance secretin. Even very small amounts of hormones show their proper function, but they do not constitute metabolic substrates, but act as regulating substances. The mechanism of action, in the case of steroid hormones, is the binding of a complex of hormones and intracytoplasmic receptors to chromatin, which causes activation of transcription and the beginning of the synthesis of new mRNAs, which in turn synthesize enzymes, structural proteins or regulatory proteins. As a result, this action of hormones is thought to occur in the cell. In the case of peptide hormones, it is thought to react directly with the cell membrane and exert their hormonal action in the cell via cAMP. If the hormones of vertebrates are categorized chemically, they can be divided into protein and peptide systems (insulin, glucagon, various hormones of the pituitary gland, parathyroid hormone), phenol derivatives systems (epinephrine, thyroid hormone), and steroid systems (gonadotropic hormones, adrenocorticotropic hormone). The ecdysteroids of insect prothoracic hormones are in the steroidal compound system, whereas the pharyngeal lateral body's juvenile-preserving hormones are chain hydrocarbons. In addition, the stimulants of the sea star's reproductive nests, drawn from the radial nerve, are nucleotides. Regardless of whether the source is cells, tissues, or glands, all endocrine secretions that have a specific physiological effect are called (in the broadest sense of the word) hormones, whether they are phytohormones secreted by glands or traumatizing hormones secreted by immobile non-glandular tissues, parathormones that are produced universally in all tissues, pheromones secreted by individuals outside the body that can act between individuals, and so on, can be categorized under the category of hormones and others. On the other hand, neurosecretory substances such as neurogenic pituitary hormones, which are formed and secreted by specific nerve cells, can be categorized as hormones in the narrow sense, while chemical transmitters such as acetylcholine and norepinephrine are not usually categorized as hormones in the narrow sense. Recently, the idea of hormones as substances that transmit information between cells within an individual has also been enhanced due to the application of cybernetics and so on.

Hormones are important substances that regulate the normal activities of the body. None of them can initiate a new metabolic process in the body. They are also not directly involved in the conversion of matter or energy, but only directly or indirectly promote or slow down the original metabolic processes in the body. If growth and development are original metabolic processes in the body, an increase in growth hormone or other related hormones can accelerate the process, while a decrease will retard growth and development. Hormones play an important role in regulating human reproduction, growth, development, various other physiological functions, behavioral changes and adaptation to the internal and external environment. Once the hormone secretion is imbalanced, it will bring about diseases.

Hormones only play a unique role in certain tissues or cells (called target tissues or target cells). Every tissue and cell in the human body can be the target tissue or cell of this or that hormone. And each hormone, and can choose one or more kinds of tissues, cells as the hormone's target tissues or target cells. For example, growth hormone can play a unique role in bones, muscles, connective tissues and internal organs, so that the human body grows tall and strong. But muscles also act as target tissues for androgens and thyroxine.

The physiological role of hormones is very complex, but can be summarized in five aspects: First, through the regulation of protein, sugar and fat and other three major nutrients and water, salt and other metabolism, the supply of energy for life activities, to maintain the dynamic balance of metabolism. Second, it promotes cell proliferation and differentiation, affects cell aging, and ensures the normal growth and development of tissues and organs, as well as cell renewal and aging. For example, growth hormone, thyroid hormone, sex hormone, etc. are hormones that promote growth and development. Third, it promotes the development and maturation of reproductive organs, reproductive functions, and the secretion and regulation of sex hormones, including a series of reproductive processes such as egg production, ovulation, spermatogenesis, fertilization, implantation, pregnancy and lactation. Fourth, it affects the development of the central nervous system and the vegetative nervous system and their activities, and the relationship with learning, memory and behavior. Fifth, it works closely with the nervous system to regulate the body's adaptation to the environment. It is difficult to separate the above five aspects of the role, and regardless of which role, hormones only play a messenger role, to convey information about certain physiological processes, the physiological process plays a role in accelerating or slowing down, can not cause any new physiological activities.