For example, when pests and diseases of grain crops occur at the same time, pesticides, fungicides and pesticides can be used together. Needless to say, other benefits, at least one pesticide can be used less. Naturally, at the same time, the prevention and control period of pests should also coincide with each other. For example, the booting stage of rice is the mature stage of citrus psylla and rice sheath blight, and malathion EC and Jinggangmycin solution can be used together. Generally speaking, we should pay attention to several problems in the interoperability of chemical fertilizers and traditional Chinese medicine preparations:
First, we should pay attention to the organic chemical reliability of all related components in fertilizer interoperability. PH value will endanger the stability of related components of chemical fertilizer. Common organic chemical pesticides such as phosphates, carbamates and pyrethroids are all "esters", which are generally sensitive to weak alkalinity and will hydrolyze under weak alkalinity. The related components of dithiohydroxy xylene pesticides and fungicides, such as iprodione and Benson ring, will produce complex chemical reactions in alkaline substances and be destroyed. Although some kinds of fertilizers are relatively stable under the premise of weak alkalinity, they need to be used immediately after preparing weak alkaline potions, and should not be used for a long time. Some chemical fertilizer related components are easy to dissolve under weak acid standards, or reduce their efficacy.
Such as 2,4- dropwise acetate, 2- methyl -4- chloroacetate, amitraz, etc. Common acidic drugs include sodium thiosulfate, nicotine hydrochloride, bacteriostatic agent 40 1, ethephon solution, etc. Many organic chemical phosphate fertilizers are also acidic and alkaline, such as isocarbophos and dimehypo. Beta-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin (time-cypermethrin) and other related components are only stable in a narrow pH range, and substances are easy to dissolve because of their acidity and alkalinity, but alkaline substances will "return to seven strings" and reduce their effectiveness. Except for pH, many kinds of fertilizers cannot be used with drugs containing metal ions. Dithio-aminobenzoate pesticides, fungicides, 2,4-dropping herbicides and copper traditional Chinese medicine preparations can be complexed with iodine ions and lose their vitality. Chinese medicinal preparation for removing copper, and other Chinese medicinal preparations containing heavy metal ions such as iron and zinc.
Second, ensure the excellent physical and chemical properties of the liquid medicine. Emulsifiable traditional Chinese medicine preparations should have good emulsification characteristics after adding water. The two emulsifiable concentrates should have excellent emulsification characteristics, and there should be no poor emulsification, stratification, oil slick and deposition. Wettable powder should also have excellent floating characteristics and should not flocculate or precipitate. However, if the physical properties of the drugs are obviously deteriorated after mixing, they should not be used together to prevent ineffectiveness or even fertilizer damage. In the production and processing of chemical fertilizer emulsifiable concentrate or wettable powder, it is impossible to only consider adding water into traditional Chinese medicine preparations to prepare liquid medicine with excellent physical properties, and in fact, it is impossible to ensure that the physical properties of liquid medicine will be excellent after the traditional Chinese medicine preparations are used together with all other traditional Chinese medicine preparations. When emulsifiable traditional Chinese medicine preparation and wettable powder are used together, we should pay attention to the problems that may cause "demulsification" (destroy emulsification characteristics). Ethephon solution, insecticidal double solution and cartap soluble granules have strong acid and alkalinity or contain a lot of carbonate, which will cause "demulsification" when used together with ordinary emulsifiable concentrate. When methyl parathion wettable powder is used with other types of fertilizers, the floating rate usually decreases.
Third, ensure that adverse reactions such as fertilizer damage are prevented. The chemical reaction of related components is likely to produce chemicals harmful to fertilizers. Toxic copper sulfide can be formed by the interaction between omethoate and agricultural streptomycin. Under the above circumstances, dithioaminobenzoic acid pesticides and fungicides will produce toxic chemicals whether they are used in alkaline substances or in combination with copper traditional Chinese medicine preparations. If the interaction leads to the deterioration of the physical properties of the drug, such as demulsification of nipple and oil drift, it will definitely lead to fertilizer damage. Bispyribac-sodium is used for chemical control of barnyard grass in rice fields. Because there is a kind of fluorobenzene enzyme in the main stem of rice, it can dissolve the related components of bispyribac-sodium and play the role of detoxification.
However, methyl parathion and carbamate fertilizers can inhibit this enzyme in rice. Not only can not be used together, but also 10 days can not be used together, otherwise it will cause fertilizer damage. This problem also exists in herbicide types, such as butachlor, which is a fluorobenzene. There are many university questions about fertilizer exchange. Here are some examples. Phoxim can inhibit the multi-purpose antibiotic resistance of insects, and the activity of such cofactors is only one of the factors of insect resistance. Therefore, phoxim and some pyrethroids or other kinds of systemic insecticides can usually improve quality and efficiency. Especially for controlling pests with certain drug resistance, it can improve quality and increase efficiency. Some fertilizers are used together, which has antagonistic effect on drug efficacy. For example, the interaction between jinggangmycin and mirex will reduce the actual effect of jinggangmycin on rice sheath blight. The interaction between tribenuron-methyl and 2- methyl -4- chlorine or dinol will reduce the actual chemical control effect of tribenuron-methyl on wild oats. Diethofencarb and triadimefon have cross-resistance, that is, the green plant pathogens resistant to triadimefon are more sensitive to diethofencarb. The combination of the two drugs can prevent the existing plant diseases resistant to triadimefon, and the proportion of the two drugs can also depend on the level of drug resistance.
If the total number of strains sensitive to triadimefon and strains resistant to triadimefon is 3∶ 1, the ratio of triadimefon to diethofencarb is 3∶ 1. The interaction between iprodione and other methyl parathion insecticides will improve the quality and efficiency, but it will also increase the toxicity. Some people think that the two kinds of slightly toxic drugs are more toxic after being used together, but they still belong to the category of slightly toxic and are allowed to be used. If the toxicity increases to a moderate level, even if the toxicity is not too high, the drug may not be selected. Some kinds of herbicides have fertilizer damage or residual fertilizer damage, which is likely to endanger the use of the next crop or sensitive crops. If the herbicide types that are basically consistent with the chemical control objectives but will not cause fertilizer damage problems are used together, the risk of the former fertilizer damage can be reduced. For example, chlorimuron-ethyl and herbicide straw are used in soybean fields, the former is not safe for subsequent crops, and the latter is not safe for soybean crops if used excessively. Mixed application can improve the safety factor of crops in season respectively. Naturally, there are problems such as drug efficacy, drug resistance, fertilizer damage and toxic side effects. When fertilizers are used together, conclusions can only be drawn through strict scientific experiments and research.
Four, now the single-dose mixed application of chemical fertilizers can be mastered according to the regulations on the prevention and control of crop pests and diseases. This is also a basic skill of fertilizer application technology. However, in the process of fertilizer production and processing, frequent and objective interactions between fertilizers are usually made into mixtures. Generally speaking, the relevant ingredients of the mixture are scientifically standardized, and the physical and chemical properties of traditional Chinese medicine preparations should be superior to the existing mixture. Some solid traditional Chinese medicine preparations, such as granules and tablets, cannot be symmetrical when used together and cannot be compared with fixed mixtures. Therefore, in view of the mixed use of fertilizer-related components, the current mixed use and mixture should be carried out at the same time. Five, whether the two kinds of chemical fertilizer Chinese medicine preparations can be used together is indicated in the books on chemical fertilizer application. The variety introduction in this book contains the kinds of drugs that can and can't be used together and the common problems when they are used together, and is usually accompanied by an "interoperability checklist" and other contents, indicating various situations in which single fertilizers can be used together, can't be used together or can be used together under certain circumstances. Before fertilizer interoperability, you need to check these materials to make sure you know what you are doing.