The value of pepper is no longer limited to cooking and seasoning. Pepper and its processed products can be seen everywhere in all walks of life. High nutritional value and wide applicability make people's demand for pepper increase gradually. According to the statistics of the national technical system of bulk vegetable industry, in 20 15 years, China's pepper planting area has surpassed Chinese cabbage, tomato and ordinary Chinese cabbage, becoming the largest vegetable planting area in China. Take Guizhou Province as an example. By the end of 20 19, the planting area of pepper in Guizhou province exceeded 5 million mu, with an annual output of 6.8 million tons and an annual output of more than 22.8 billion yuan. The high economic benefits make the planting boom of pepper industry remain high. In 2020, the domestic pepper planting area will reach 32 million mu, and the output will reach 42.24 million tons. In addition to the continuous expansion of planting area, the increasing variety of pepper has also become the driving force for the development of pepper industry.

Pepper has been planted in China for more than 400 years. In this long planting process, four representative producing areas of "One Ze and Three Capitals" have been formed. Yize is located in Jize County, Hebei Province. The main planting variety is Yang Jiao Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Sandu is Wang Du, Hebei Province, and the main planting variety is Wang Du Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Yidu (Qingzhou), Shandong Province, the main variety "Yiduhong"; In Chengdu, Sichuan, the main planting variety is "Chaotian pepper". From the perspective of pepper planting area in each province, among the 28 planting provinces in China, the pepper planting area in Guizhou, Henan, Shandong, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi and Gansu has exceeded 6,543,800 mu, which has contributed to the decentralized distribution structure of pepper planting in China. Here is a brief introduction to the main producing areas and planting varieties of pepper in China:

Figure 1: Distribution map of main pepper producing areas and cultivated varieties in China.

Source: Open data, compiled by Zheng Lu Futures Research Institute.

As far as the types of peppers planted in China are concerned, the types of dried peppers can be divided into three categories: morning pepper, long pepper and line pepper. Pepper is mainly produced in Sichuan, Chongqing, Henan, Hebei, Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi. Long pepper is mainly in Hebei; Line peppers mainly come from Shaanxi, Gansu and Sichuan. The characteristics of each pepper have been introduced in the basic chapter, so I won't repeat them here. With the increasing demand of domestic consumers for dried peppers, the planting area of dried peppers in China has been expanding in recent years, especially in Henan, Guizhou and Xinjiang. Statistics on the change of dry pepper planting area in China in recent years are shown in the following table:

Table 1: Statistical table of planting area of main dry pepper producing areas in China (10,000 mu)

Source: China Futures Exchange, Zheng Lu Futures Research Institute.

At present, the main planting areas of dried peppers in China are mainly concentrated in Henan and Guizhou provinces. In 2020, the planting area of dried peppers in China will be 6.5438+0.399 million mu. According to the statistical data in 2020, the planting areas in Henan and Guizhou provinces accounted for 654.38+08.72% and 654.38+08.565.438+0% respectively, and the planting areas in both provinces exceeded the national 654.38+.

Second, the climate of the producing area.

In the last part, the introduction of the growth environment needed for pepper planting is slightly supplemented. To put it simply, the requirements of pepper growth on climatic conditions can be considered as fear of both high temperature and drought and flood. The suitable temperature for the whole growth cycle of pepper is 15-34℃, which will affect the normal growth of pepper. In terms of environmental humidity, eggplant is a drought-tolerant crop, and the growth and development of pepper requires relatively little water. Because the root system of pepper is developed, it is necessary to control the environmental humidity in a low range during the whole growth period of pepper to maintain the normal growth of pepper.

Zhecheng County, Shangqiu City, Henan Province is a famous pepper producing area in China. At present, the pepper planting area in the county is stable at about 400,000 mu, and the annual trading volume of peppers such as three cherry peppers and bullets is 700,000 tons. 20 17, 12, the former People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Ministry of Agriculture officially approved "Zunyi Chaotian Pepper" to register and protect the geographical indications of agricultural products, which is small, fleshy, oily and transparent, and has become a famous specialty in Zunyi City. In 2020, the pepper planting area in Zunyi City is 2.207 million mu, and the pepper output is 28.965086. Combining with the statistical map of climate change in Zhecheng County and Zunyi City, we can roughly know the suitable temperature and precipitation for pepper growth, as shown in the following figure:

Second, the planting cost.

The cost of pepper planting mainly includes the use of labor and material data, in which the labor cost mainly focuses on harvesting and weeding, and the use of pepper material data mainly focuses on seeds, pesticides, fertilizers, agricultural machinery and so on. According to relevant data, the average planting cost of pepper in the main producing areas is about per mu 1.600 yuan, of which 46.87%(750 yuan) uses material materials and 53. 13%(850 yuan) uses labor respectively. The distribution of material data and labor cost in the whole pepper planting process was analyzed. The results show that:

Source: Open data, compiled by Zheng Lu Futures Research Institute.

Combined with the above figure, the data cost of pepper materials in the main pepper producing areas mainly focuses on the use of fertilizers, accounting for 56% of the total cost of pepper planting. * * * In 420 yuan, the use of fertilizer is very important to increase the yield of pepper. Among the labor costs, the demand for labor is the greatest at present. Based on the needs of pepper growth and subsequent storage and processing, most pepper growers in the production areas use manual picking at present to ensure the quality of picked peppers and meet the requirements of subsequent industries.

Third, the future outlook.

Pepper, as one of the vegetables most purchased and eaten by domestic consumers, is deeply loved by consumers. In addition to eating, the wide industrial use of pepper has also opened up a broader world for the demand market of pepper. Under the background of rural revitalization, the local government's policy and technical guidance on pepper planting, coupled with the high income of pepper planting, make pepper farmers more enthusiastic about planting. At present, in the process of pepper planting, the use of fertilizer and labor costs account for the main part. Under the background of the country's vigorous promotion of green agriculture, science and technology agriculture and ecological agriculture, the development of pepper planting in the future will gradually improve the degree of mechanization and industrialization, and move forward to the characteristic industry of increasing production and income.