1, symptom analysis
(1) high blood sugar as one of the three highs, the average person in the fasting situation in the blood glucose content in the 6.1 mmol / L below the blood glucose content in the blood after the meal will rise to the 7.8 mmol / L below the blood glucose level is higher than this level in the clinic is called blood glucose is too high, the normal body in the hormone and nerve regulation, the blood glucose in the body, the blood glucose in the body is too high, the normal body in the hormone and nerve regulation, the blood glucose in the body is too high. Normal muscle in the hormone and nerve regulation, the body's blood glucose content is at a stable level, if the body has a lesion resulting in high blood glucose, the danger is greater.
(2) When the body has high blood sugar, the symptoms will appear as follows: extreme thirst, anorexia, rapid heartbeat, excessive urination, weight loss, abdominal discomfort, weakness and weakness, and when doing the test, there will be an increase in the value of the blood glucose test and a positive reaction to the glucose in urine, etc. If these symptoms occur in life, the body will have a high blood glucose level. If you have these symptoms in your life, you can consider whether you are suffering from hyperglycemia, and timely examination and treatment is of great significance for the treatment and recovery of your condition.
2, the main harm
(1) lead to dehydration and hypertonicity: high blood sugar causes a large amount of glucose with urinary excretion, resulting in osmotic diuresis, leading to dehydration, dehydration makes the extracellular fluid osmolality increased, water from the cell to the cell transfer caused by intracellular water loss, brain cells water loss can cause cerebral dysfunction, and coma. The loss of water in the brain cells can cause brain dysfunction and lead to coma, which is clinically known as "hypertonic coma".
(2) Fatigue and weakness: when insulin is lacking, glucose in the blood can not be burned normally into the cells to produce energy, and the cells can not get enough energy; and the cells can not convert glucose into other substances to be stored well, and when the blood glucose exceeds the renal closure value, the glucose is discharged from the urine, resulting in a waste of energy, and so the whole body is fatigued and weak.
(3) Reduced resistance: high glucose state, glucose can not be absorbed and utilized by the body very well, but a lot of loss from the urine, the body through the decomposition of fat, protein to provide energy, which leads to the decline of the body's immune system.
(4) Metabolic disorders: When hyperglycemia occurs, protein and fat metabolic disorders occur in the body, which can cause various complications. Acute complications of ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar coma. Hyperosmolar coma is mainly caused by high blood glucose, sometimes up to 500-600mg/d1, it can cause dehydration of brain cells and other tissue cells, leading to coma.
(5) Leading to various vascular and neurological chronic concomitant symptoms: long-term hyperglycemia in diabetic patients can harm blood vessels and nerves, leading to the occurrence and development of chronic concomitant symptoms such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and necrosis of diabetic foot.
(6) water, electrolyte disorders: because pure glucose is a solid substance, it must be dissolved in water in order to be discharged through the kidney with the urine, so patients with hyperglycemia glucose discharged through the kidney is bound to take away-quantified amount of water, the more sugar in the urine, the more water taken away from the body, and urine can take away the electrolytes in the body, resulting in water and electrolyte metabolism disorders. Water, electrolyte metabolic disorders.
(7) β-cell failure: long-term high blood sugar on the pancreatic islet β-cells continue to stimulate, so that its function is exhausted, insulin secretion is less.
(8) Increased osmotic pressure: When hyperglycemia occurs, the osmotic pressure of extracellular fluid increases, and the intracellular fluid flows out of the cell, resulting in intracellular water loss. When brain cells lose water, it can cause cerebral dysfunction, clinically known as hyperosmolar coma.
(9) Loss of vision: eye vision tends to diminish when blood sugar is elevated.
(10) Electrolyte disorders: large amounts of urination in hyperglycemia, from urine to take away electrolytes, so that electrolyte disorders.
3. Treatment
(1) Eat less at the next meal, remove a snack or switch to foods with a lower glycemic index (GI) Because for overweight people with type 2 diabetes, simply losing 5 to 10 percent of one's body weight can dramatically improve blood sugar. So, by reducing calorie intake appropriately, better blood sugar control can be achieved.
(2) Increasing activity or doing more exercise Type 2 diabetics generally get better glycemic control through increased exercise. Even very simple exercises, such as walking for 20 minutes a day, can be effective in improving insulin resistance and reducing body weight as long as they are adhered to. Studies have confirmed that with reasonable exercise, diabetics can indeed reduce the amount of hypoglycemic medication and even get off medication altogether.
(3) Adjustment of medication (increase the dosage, increase the frequency of medication, or add another hypoglycemic agent) Although exercise and dietary modification are economical and have few side effects, when these practices fail to bring blood glucose up to the desired level, it suggests that an adjustment of medication is necessary. Medications do treat high blood sugar faster and more effectively than the first two methods. If you're receiving a small dose of an oral medication, your doctor may recommend that you increase the dose or have you split what you would otherwise take once a day into an early morning and late evening dose, or, if the dose is already very high, your doctor may add another hypoglycemic medication to your regimen.
(4) Self-relaxation and emotional regulationRelaxation exercises (such as deep breathing, relaxing muscles with relaxing music, etc.) can help relieve stress and make glucose-lowering therapy more effective. Learning to regulate emotions and enhance self-efficacy (people's subjective judgment of whether they can successfully perform a certain behavior), so as to overcome the fear of illness, negativity and other bad state of mind, will also help control blood glucose.
(5) Actively treating other illnesses (e.g., colds, infections, etc.) Problems such as colds and infections can cause an increase in adrenaline in the body, which will lead to an increase in blood sugar. Although this change is a physiologic response of the body to fight the disease, it is detrimental to your blood sugar control.
(6) Increase the frequency of blood glucose monitoring and other testsWhen your blood glucose exceeds the range set by your doctor, you'll need to take a blood glucose test every two hours until your blood glucose drops to normal. This will help you adjust your treatment to bring your blood sugar down to normal faster. Don't wait until you have your next meal or visit your doctor, as this will delay treatment.
(7) Increase intake of sugar-free fluidsDehydration can also cause an increase in blood sugar, and people (whether they have diabetes or not) should consume about 2 to 3 liters of sugar-free fluids (water, beverages, soups, etc.) every day. When blood sugar is elevated, drinking water can help to avoid overconsumption of food in addition to flushing out blood sugar.