To learn American English pronunciation, I recommend you two magic weapons, one is called "KK Phonetic Symbol" and the other is called "Pronunciation Guide". The KK phonetic symbol is the phonetic symbol of American English, which is the written form of phonemes. There are fifty in each alphabet. The pronunciation guide is the pronunciation rules of American English, that is, the rules for which letters make what sounds under what circumstances.

American English and Chinese are different. Chinese is a square character. In order to write neatly and beautifully, people draw squares on the writing materials and write within the squares. After the advent of movable type printing in the Song Dynasty, people began to create characters in regular square molds, especially the imitation Song, Hei, and Song fonts that appeared in modern times with a slower writing speed. The fonts were square and clear, but the characters themselves did not express Any sound, that is to say, the word and the pronunciation are completely incompatible. For example, the word "嬲" is not pronounced as "male" or "female", but the sound of "bird" is pronounced as niao. . American English is a pinyin text that consists of letters, and its pronunciation is represented by letters. There are 26 letters in American English, of which the letters a, e, i, o, and u are vowels, and the remaining 21 are consonants. The letter y is sometimes used as a vowel. Each letter can have one or more pronunciations. Therefore, American English has 50 phonemes. The written form of phonemes is a phonetic letter, that is, a phonetic symbol. A phonetic letter is a phonetic symbol, which represents a phoneme. .

Front vowel /i ?/

/i/ The tip of the tongue is close to the lower teeth, the front of the tongue is raised close to the hard palate, the mouth shape is flat, and the upper and lower teeth are slightly separated.

/?/ The tongue is medium-high, the mouth is flat, and a little fingertip can be accommodated between the upper and lower teeth.

/?/ The tip of the tongue is close to the lower teeth, the front of the tongue is slightly raised, the mouth is flat, and a middle finger can be accommodated between the upper and lower teeth.

/?/ The front of the tongue is slightly raised, the tip of the tongue touches the lower teeth lightly, the lips are stretched flat to both sides, and the mouth is opened. An index finger and a middle finger can be accommodated between the upper and lower teeth.

Back vowel /ɑ ɑ u/

/ɑ/ Open your mouth, lay the tongue flat and retract, the tongue surface is slightly concave, and the tip of the tongue leaves the lower teeth.

/ɑ/ The mouth is open, the mouth is wide, the tongue is retracted, and the lips are rounded.

/?/ Open the mouth, the tongue is flat and retracted, the lips are slightly rounded and protruded forward.

When there is an r letter after the letters /ɑ/ and /?/, always add a retroflex sound. At the end of the pronunciation, the tip of the tongue should be rolled up and turned back.

/?/ The tongue is retracted, and the back of the tongue is raised toward the soft palate. The tongue is in a medium-high position, and the lips are rounded and slightly protruding forward.

/u/ Retract the tongue, lift the back of the tongue toward the soft palate as much as possible, leave the tip of the tongue away from the lower teeth, round the lips, and protrude forward with force.

Middle vowel / ?/

/?/ The tip of the tongue touches the lower teeth lightly, the middle of the tongue is slightly raised, and the gums are between open and half-open.

/?/ Keep the tongue flat, roll the tip of the tongue as far up the gums as possible, lift the middle of the tongue, and pull the lips apart to both sides, forming a smile.

/?/ The tip of the tongue is away from the lower teeth, the middle part of the tongue is raised, the tongue position is mid-low, the gums are half-open, and the lips are slightly flat and relaxed. It is the most relaxed sound among the three middle vowels. Always occurs in unstressed syllables.

The close-mouthed diphthong /e o a? a /

/e/ The close-mouthed diphthong is composed of two single sounds /?/ and /?/, which are heavy in the front and light in the back. The shape of the mouth moves from half-open to half-closed to half-closed. The vowel letter a is pronounced when the stressed open syllable is stressed, and when the stressed relative open syllable is stressed, /e/ is pronounced.

/o/ is a closed diphthong, consisting of two single sounds /?/ and /?/. Its pronunciation also has a range of motion. The shape of the mouth changes from half-open to half-closed, and the vowel letter o is stressed. For open syllables, the stress is pronounced relative to /o/ in open syllables.

/a?/ is a closed diphthong, consisting of two single sounds /a/ and /?/, which are heavier in the front and lighter in the back. The mouth shape changes from fully open to semi-closed, and the vowel letter i is stressed. For open syllables, the stress is pronounced /a?/ relative to the open syllables.

/a?/ is a closed diphthong, consisting of two single sounds /a/ and /?/, which are heavier in the front and lighter in the back. The shape of the mouth changes from fully open to semi-closed.

/?/ is a closed diphthong, consisting of two single sounds /?/ and /?/, which are heavier in the front and lighter in the back. The lips change from round to flat, and the mouth shape changes from half-open to half-closed.

Concentrated diphthongs: /?r ?r ?r or/

/?r/ Concentrated diphthongs are composed of /?/ and retroflex /r/ Composed of a single tone, the lips are half closed to half open.

/?r/ is a concentrated diphthong, consisting of two single sounds /?/ and retroflex /r/. The tip of the tongue is against the lower teeth, and the lips are opened from more than half to slightly less than half. On, the sound /?/ is between /?/ and /?/.

/?r/ is a concentrated diphthong, consisting of two single sounds: /?/ and retroflex /r/. The lips range from round to flat and natural, from half-closed to half-open.

/or/ is a concentrated diphthong, consisting of two single sounds: a back vowel and retroflex /r/. The lips range from round to flat and natural.

Plosive sound/p b t d k g/

/p/The lips are tightly closed, and then suddenly opened, allowing the airflow to rush out of the mouth, and the vocal cords do not vibrate.

/b/ The lips are tightly closed and then suddenly opened, allowing the air to rush out of the mouth. The vocal cords need to vibrate, but the explosive force is not strong.

/t/ The tip of the tongue is close to the gums, forming an obstruction, and then suddenly drops, allowing the airflow to rush out of the mouth. The vocal cords do not vibrate, and the exhalation is extremely strong.

/d/The tip of the tongue is close to the gums, forming an obstruction, and then suddenly drops, allowing the airflow to rush out of the mouth. The vocal cords need to vibrate, and the expiration is weak.

/k/The back of the tongue is raised close to the palate, forming a blockage, and then suddenly drops, allowing the airflow to rush out of the mouth. The vocal cords do not vibrate, and the exhalation is strong.

/g/The back of the tongue is raised close to the palate, forming an obstruction, and then suddenly drops, allowing the air to rush out of the mouth. The vocal cords need to vibrate, and the exhalation is weaker.

Fricative sound /f v s z θ ? r h/

/f/ The lower lip touches the upper teeth lightly, and the airflow passes through the gap between the lips and teeth, forming friction, and comes out of the mouth, and the vocal cords are not Vibration, strong exhalation.

/v/ The lower lip touches the upper teeth lightly, and the airflow passes through the gap between the lips and teeth, forming friction and coming out of the mouth. The vocal cords need to vibrate, and the exhalation is weak.

/s/ The lips are slightly open, the tip of the tongue is close to the upper gums, the airflow is sent from between the gums at the tip of the tongue, the vocal cords do not vibrate, and the exhalation is strong.

/z/ The lips are slightly open, the tip of the tongue is close to the upper gums, the airflow is sent from between the gums at the tip of the tongue, the vocal cords need to vibrate, and the exhalation is weak.

/θ/ The tip of the tongue lightly touches the back of the upper teeth, and is placed between the upper and lower teeth, slightly exposing the outside of the teeth. The airflow is sent out between the tongue and teeth, and the vocal cords do not vibrate. Exhale stronger.

/?/ The tip of the tongue lightly touches the back of the upper teeth and is placed between the upper and lower teeth, slightly exposing the outside of the teeth. The airflow is sent out between the tongue and teeth. The vocal cords need to vibrate and the exhalation is weak.

/?/ The tip of the tongue is behind the upper gums, and the two sides of the tongue touch both sides of the upper teeth. A large gap is formed between the tongue body and the hard palate. The lips are separated into a slightly trumpet shape, and the airflow flows through the tongue body. The large gap with the hard palate forms friction, and when it comes out of the mouth, the vocal cords do not vibrate, and the exhalation is strong.

/?/The tip of the tongue is behind the upper gums. Both sides of the tongue touch both sides of the upper teeth. A large gap is formed between the tongue body and the hard palate. The lips are separated into a slightly trumpet shape. The airflow flows through the tongue body. The large gap with the hard palate creates friction, and when it comes out of the mouth, the vocal cords need to vibrate and the exhalation is weak.

/r/ The tip of the tongue is raised, close to the back of the upper gums, and the tongue is retracted. The airflow forms friction between the tip of the tongue and the back of the upper gums, and exits the mouth. The lips are rounded. Slightly protruding, the vocal cords need to vibrate.

/h/ When the airflow passes through the glottis, slight friction occurs, and it comes out of the mouth. The shape of the mouth is uncertain, and changes with the vowels that follow it, and the vocal cords do not vibrate. This sound only appears before vowels.

Fricative/t? d? ts dz tr dr//t?/ The tip of the tongue is close to the back of the upper gums, forming an obstruction. After the airflow breaks through the obstruction, friction occurs between the tongue and the gums, and the vocal cords do not vibrate.

/d?/ The tip of the tongue is close to the back of the upper gums, forming an obstruction. After the airflow breaks through the obstruction, friction occurs between the tongue and the gums, and the vocal cords need to vibrate.

/ts/ The tip of the tongue sticks to the upper gums, blocking the airflow, and then drops slightly, and the airflow then leaks out of the mouth, and the vocal cords do not vibrate.

/dz/The tip of the tongue sticks to the upper gums, blocking the airflow, and then drops slightly. The airflow then leaks out of the mouth, and the vocal cords need to vibrate.

/tr/The tip of the tongue presses upward against the back of the upper gums, forming an obstruction. The body of the tongue is similar to /r/. The airflow rushes out from between the tip of the tongue and the gums, and the vocal cords do not vibrate.

/dr/The tip of the tongue presses upward against the back of the upper gums, forming an obstruction. The body of the tongue is similar to /r/. The airflow rushes out from between the tip of the tongue and the gums, and the vocal cords need to vibrate.

Nasal /m n ?//m/The lips are closed, forming an obstruction, the airflow is emitted from the nasal cavity, and the vocal cords need to vibrate.

/n/The tip of the tongue sticks to the upper gums, forming an obstruction. The airflow is emitted from the nasal cavity and the vocal cords need to vibrate.

/?/The back of the tongue is raised, attached to the drooping soft palate, blocking the oral passage, airflow is emitted from the nasal cavity, and the vocal cords need to vibrate.

Lingual sound /l/

/l/ The end of the tongue is close to the gums, forming an obstruction. The airflow leaks from both sides of the tongue, and the vocal cords need to vibrate.

Semivowel /hw w j/

/hw/ The back of the tongue is raised toward the soft palate, the lips are slightly rounded, the air flows through the mouth and passes through the space between the lips, and the vocal cords are not vibration.

/w/ The back of the tongue is raised toward the soft palate, the lips are slightly rounded and protruded, air flows through the mouth and through the space between the lips, and the vocal cords need to vibrate.

/j/The front of the tongue is raised toward the hard palate, the lips are stretched to both sides in a flat shape, and the vocal cords need to vibrate.

The Pronunciation Guide is the pronunciation rule of American English. The biggest feature of American English is that the spelling and pronunciation are consistent. For example, brother is spelled with a letter r, so the pronunciation of the letter r must be pronounced. Another example is fast, which is a stressed closed syllable, so the letter a must be pronounced with its short sound. Another example is clerk. In American English, pronounce it according to the pronunciation rules of stressing the er in the r syllable, and pay attention to the retroflexion. Another example is that American English writes the word theater as theater instead of theatre, because its original spelling and pronunciation are inconsistent.

1. English syllables can be divided into three types: open syllables, closed syllables and r syllables. Open syllables can be divided into absolutely open syllables and relatively open syllables. Absolute open syllable - the vowel letter is the last letter in the syllable. If the syllable is a stressed syllable, the vowel letter will become a long vowel.

e me I be he he she she ye this, that (Old English definite article) we we

i I I pie die die lie lie tie tie

o go go no

u mu Greek letter μ nu Greek letter ν Sue Su blue blue glue glue

y sky sky fly fly dry dry spy spy shy shy cry cry my mine

Relatively open syllables - the vowel letter is followed by a consonant letter and a silent vowel letter e. If this syllable is a stressed syllable, the vowel letter is pronounced Growth vowels.

a-e cape cape name name tape tape age age sage sage

e-e these these

i-e bite bite five five kite kite

o-e rose rising nose nose rope thick rope note note

u-e tube test tube cube June June (note that the long sound of u is /ju/, but u should be pronounced /u/ after the middle sound on the tip of the tongue) )

y type typing

Closed syllable - the vowel letter is followed by one or several consonant letters. If the syllable is a stressed syllable, the vowel letter is pronounced as a short syllable. vowel.

a mat mat map map bag bag cat cat fan fan hat hat bat racket apple apple

e egg egg well red hen hen pen pen bed bed bell bell

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i lick lick six six bib bib pig pig pin pin kiss kiss ink hill hills

o ox bull on octopus octopus box box socks socks operate surgery, Operation ostrich ostrich

u sun sun umbrella bus bus gun gun nut walnut uncle uncle, uncle, uncle under under...

r syllable - a vowel followed by the letter r , when this syllable is a stressed syllable, the vowel letter will be pronounced as a retroflex long vowel.

or porch porch pork horse horse horn horn fort breakwater morning corn corn fork fork

ar arm arm armchair armchair car car card card cart two-wheeled carriage farm farm park park garden garden

ur turtle surf turkey turkey turkey fur fur hurt pain purse nurse

er mermaid mermaid

ir birthday birthday circus circus dirty dirty dirt bird bird circle round girl girl, daughter

The vowels should be weakened in unstressed syllables, but when o is in an unstressed syllable at the end of a word, it is not weakened and still reads /o/.

y rainy sunny sunny puppy pony pony baby baby happy happy

The vowels in the unstressed r syllable are weakened into weak retroflexes sound.

er sister sister brother brother under...under rooster rooster winter winter marker marker mother mother

The vowel letter (combination) that represents the syllable and another vowel letter (combination) ), if there is a consonant letter between, and the consonant letter is assigned to the next syllable, the first syllable will be the stressed open syllable, and the vowel letter will have its long sound. Such as student, open means open.

If the consonant letter between the two vowel letters (combination) representing a syllable is v, v is generally classified as the first syllable, and the first syllable is a stressed closed syllable, and the vowel letter is pronounced Short tone. The same is true for some monosyllabic words ending in the vowel ve. For example: seven seven clever live give give have have

The vowels in stressed syllables ending with -dy, -ty or -ry are also pronounced as short sounds. Such as: study, city, body, very, etc. If there are two or more consonants between the vowel letters (combinations) representing a syllable, the first consonant letter is classified as a stressed syllable, so the syllable is a closed syllable, and the vowel letters are pronounced with a short sound: yellow 黄The under is under...

The stressed syllable of a polysyllabic word is generally the third to last, and no matter how many consonants there are between the vowels of the stressed syllable and the unstressed syllable, the stressed syllable must have at least A consonant letter, so the stressed syllables of polysyllabic words are generally closed syllables, and the vowel letters are pronounced as short sounds. For example: American, holiday, family, interesting, interesting

Some polysyllabic words not only have stressed syllables, but also have sub-stressed syllables. The syllables are generally classified as closed syllables, and the sub-stressed closed syllables are The pronunciation of vowels is generally weaker than the pronunciation of vowels in stressed syllables, but louder than the pronunciation of unstressed syllables, making it the second strongest sound in this word. For example: competition competition television

u in stressed syllables usually has a long vowel sound, which is an open syllable for stress: university funeral student

Words ending with -tion, The stress falls on the syllables before -tion, such as: mention mentions information information

There are also some special pronunciations:

a after w: watch watch swamp wetland quantity quality quality what what

a any any many Mary Mary vary

Next are the pronunciations of some vowel letter combinations.

ai tail tail rain rain paint paint pain pain jail prison nail nail rail maid servant

ai chair chair pair a pair, a pair said

ai aisle aisle Taipei Taipei Taiwanese Taiwanese, Taiwanese, Taiwanese

ai fountain pool mountain mountain curtain curtain certain determine

ay bay bay ray ray way road say say hay hay pay pay May lay put

ay says say

ay Friday Friday Sunday Sunday

ee reeds reed eel eel bee bee peel peel jeep jeep feel feel see see teeth teeth

ee coffee coffee committee committee

ee fiancee fiancée

ea sea sea meat peanut walnut peach peach eagle eagle leaf leaf pea pea

ey key key

oa road toast toast toad coal goat goat boat boat coat soap soap

ow rainbow rainbow pillow pillow yellow yellow window window hollow hollow bowl bowl row row low

ui suit suitable for juice fruit fruit

au August sauce sauce sausage naughty naughty applause applause

aw paw paw draw draw saw saw see straw strawberry strawberry lawn lawn

oo moon moon zoo zoo roof roof rooster rooster boots food food spoon medicine spoon room room

oo book book cookie biscuit woods forest wool wool hook hook look foot cook cook

oo blood blood flood

oo brooch brooch

ea head head sweater sweat sweat pear pear lead lead bear bear leather fur

eau beauty beauty beautiful beautiful

eau beau beautiful (French) bureau wardrobe, wardrobe

ei eight eight reign rule neighbor neighbor feign pretend vein

ei receive accept receipt seize capture either neither (not) nor neither nor

ey they they, they, they hey hey obey comply

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eo leopard leopard jeopardy jealouseo people people (plural)

ou house house

out outside...mouth mouth mouse mouse count fountain fountain mountain shout shout

ow owl tower crown clown cow cow towel towel flower flower brown brown, brown

oi coin coin oil oil point refers to noise noise coil coiled boil boiling soil soil poison poison

oy oyster oyster boy boy cowboy cowboy soy soy toy toy

al call call tall high fall fall ball wall wall

al half calf salmon

al palm palm calm calm

ew dew dew few almost no view vision hew chop new new nephew nephew newspaper newspaper

The pronunciation of English consonant letters is more regular than that of vowel letters and is basically fixed. Some consonant letter combinations also have some fixed pronunciations, such as ch, sh, th, ph, wh.

In some consonant letter combinations, the consonants are silent, such as:

b bed bed book bench bench box banana banana body body boy boy

b thumb thumb lamb lamb, lamb comb comb bomb bomb crumb crumb numb numb

d desk desk doctor doctor deer deer duck duck doll doll door door dog dog, male dog dancer dancer, dancer

f food food family family four foot five five fence fence fork fork father father

h hat hen hen head head home hand hand hammer hammer house house horse horse

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j jewel jewelry jam jam jacket jacket juice juice jump jump jelly jelly jeep jeep jar jar

k kite kite kiss kiss key key, key king king kangaroo kangaroo kitchen kitchen kettle kettle kick

k knob doorknob knee knee knife knock knock knit knitting

l leg leg lake leaf leaf lion lion lemon lemon live live lips light light

m monkey monkey moon moon milk milk map map mask mother mother mouth mouth man man

n net nose nose nest bird's nest number nail nail neck neck nurse nurse napkin napkin

p pants pants park park pig pig pencil pencil pink pink path pear pear pen pen

qu question question quarrel quarrel quilt quilt quiet queen queen quarter quarter

r rope rope rock rock rainbow rainbow rose rose rise ring ring rug rug rooster rooster

rabbit rabbit

s sun sun sofa silver silver sink sink sink sign mark soap soap six six seven seven

t towel towel teacher teacher tie table table toe toe tea tea two two ten ten

v vase vase veil veil violin violin van van vomit vomit vest village village

w wall wall window Windows Windows operating system Walkman wind watch watch word word wash wash woman woman

w wrist wrist wrinkle wrinkle wrap wrap wrap wreath garland write write

x ax X-ray X-ray box box (x is at the beginning of the word, sometimes pronounced /z/, such as exact (accurate)

When y is a consonant: yard yacht year year yam yam yellow yellow yoyo yo-yo

z zero zero zoo zoo zebra zebra zipper zipper

ch beach seaside lunch lunch cheese cheese bench bench church church chicken chicken chair chair cherry cherries

sh sheep sheep shirt shirt ship boat fish fish dish plate push push shoes shoes shovel shovel

wh whale whale white white wheel wheelchair wheelchair wheat wheat whip whip whistle whistle whisper

th brother feather feather leather father father mother mother

th thumb thumb three three bathmat bathroom mat thirsty thief thief bath bathtub mouth teeth teeth

ph photo photo elephant telephone phone trophy trophy pharmacy pharmacy alphabet alphabet

gh right right sight see night night tight light light light fight fight sigh sigh high

The letters c and g have hard and soft sounds: c cap hat count car car coffee coffee cat cat cow mother cow cake cup cup

c circle circle cent one minute cycle cycle

g garden garden gate gate goat goat goose goose golf golf gold gold

g gentle, gentle giant, huge gym

However, the etymology of English words is complex, and the pronunciation sometimes retains the pronunciation of the original etymology, which cannot be solved by simple rules. For example, in the following group of words, o must be pronounced as a long vowel in the stressed closed syllable.

only both roll, roll don't won't comb hair

The following words o are in stressed closed syllables or stressed relative open syllables, It should be pronounced as a short vowel /?/.

other other another mother mother brother brother nothing son son ton won won, won monk monk among... between the three or more cover cover

dove pigeon come come become some some sponge sponge

c is sometimes pronounced irregularly, such as: indict prosecution, soccer English football, Celt Celtic, cello cello, baccy tobacco, caecitis appendicitis, facade front.

After learning pronunciation, start learning grammar. English belongs to the Germanic West branch of the Indo-European language family. The vocabulary of English is open-ended. Some are words from the Germanic language family, some are words from the Romance language family, and some are from French, German, Spanish, Italian, Latin, and Greek. , Arabic and other words introduced from other languages. English is an inflectional language, but it has relatively few inflectional forms. Except for nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs that change in form, numerals, articles, prepositions, connectives, and interjections remain unchanged. , there are only three sentence structures: simple sentence, parallel sentence, and compound sentence, and the word order is relatively fixed.

Key grammar includes:

Nouns and articles.

Pronoun.

Numbers.

Verb (verb tense, passive voice, auxiliary verb, infinitive, gerund, participle, subjunctive mood).

Adjectives, adverbs, comparisons.

Prepositions, conjunctions and interjections.

Five major sentence patterns.

Negatives and questions.

Types of sentences (use of connectives and relative words).

Special sentence construction (emphasis, omission, inversion).

It is best to learn English using pinyin, rather than using the methods of some Chinese teachers, because some Chinese teachers have inaccurate pronunciation and incorrect grammar. If you follow them, the more you learn, the more mistakes you make, which will mislead your students. . As long as you study hard, you will be able to learn English well. I hope I can help you.