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Huxiang traditional Chinese medicine tumour hospital
Chemotherapy is an effective means of tumor treatment, so what is chemotherapy? To put it bluntly, chemotherapy is to kill cancer cells through chemotherapy drugs to achieve therapeutic purposes. Chemotherapy is the main treatment for gynecological malignant tumors such as ovarian cancer, and chemotherapy is also of auxiliary treatment value for cervical cancer and endometrial cancer.
Unfortunately, the human body may have all kinds of adverse reactions to chemotherapy drugs, among which digestive system reactions are the most common, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and constipation. Many patients have poor appetite, emaciation, poor physical and mental state and even resistance to treatment because of the side effects of chemotherapy before and after chemotherapy.
Let's work out a nutritional diet during chemotherapy with patients.
First of all, we need to understand that nausea and vomiting are also graded. According to WHO standards:
Grade 0: nausea and vomiting; Grade I: only nausea, able to eat suitable food; Grade II: Transient vomiting with nausea, obviously reduced food intake, but able to eat; Grade III: Vomiting needs treatment; Grade IV: Refractory vomiting. The first principle of food selection needs to be controlled: a light diet with high calories, high vitamins and low fat. Eat less and eat more, and pay attention to increasing taste, such as sweet and sour can stimulate appetite.
(1) For patients who have no or no gastrointestinal reaction, the dietary principles should be varied, balanced in nutrition and sufficient in calories. Choose digestible food and avoid greasy, spicy, fried, barbecue and other foods.
(2) For patients whose appetite is affected, but there is no obvious nausea and vomiting, they can choose foods that patients like or new varieties to stimulate their appetite. For example, patients who often eat beef can eat fish, shrimp, crabs, etc., and those who have the conditions can choose sea cucumber, turtle, abalone, etc. But no matter what kind of food you choose, you must cook the food well to facilitate digestion and absorption.
(3) Patients with severe vomiting can consider fasting for 4-8 hours, and if necessary, it can be extended to 24 hours. After fasting, they will gradually transition from liquid to ordinary diet.
(4) Anemia patients can use iron-rich foods, such as fungus, spinach, yam, red dates and so on.
(5) Patients with electrolyte disorders can choose: mango, apple, citrus, etc.
Here are some examples of foods suitable for chemotherapy patients:
1, fruits:
Apple: One of the most nutritious fruits, it is rich in carbohydrates, vitamins, trace elements (potassium, iron, etc.), dietary fiber, malic acid, tartaric acid, carotene, etc., which can soothe the nerves and juice if you eat less.
Mango: high in calories, comprehensive in nutrients, containing sugar, protein, crude fiber, vitamins and fat, etc., soft in texture, often capable of relaxing bowels and having certain antiemetic function.
Peach: contains protein, fat, carbohydrate, crude fiber, minerals, vitamin B 1, malic acid, citric acid, etc.
Citrus: rich in vitamin C, carotene, potassium, calcium and iron, it has antioxidant capacity and can be eaten all year round.
2. Vegetables:
Potato: It contains comprehensive nutrients, including starch, protein, fat, vitamins and minerals. It contains 18 kinds of amino acids, including essential amino acids. The potassium content is almost the highest among all vegetables, and it can be used as a staple food with various cooking methods.
Tomato: It is rich in vitamins and minerals, such as protein, sugar, fat and cellulose, but it should not be eaten raw or cooked for a long time.
Broccoli: It has comprehensive nutrition and anti-cancer effect. Cold salad and stir-frying are suitable cooking methods for chemotherapy patients.
Carrot: It has anti-cancer and anti-aging effects, and can improve immunity. It is recommended to chop it up and fry it in oil before eating, which is beneficial to the comprehensive absorption of nutrients.
3. Foods rich in protein:
Abalone: It is extremely rich in nutritional value, containing 20 kinds of amino acids, fats, vitamins and trace elements. Chemotherapy patients can choose to cook porridge after crushing abalone.
Sea urchin: It contains 17 kinds of amino acids, and the protein content is twice that of chicken and fish with the same quality. It also contains unsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids, sugar, calcium and vitamins, among which the calcium and phosphorus content is higher than that of milk. The recommended method is sea urchin egg flower soup, which is simple in processing and not greasy.
Other foods containing protein include fish, shrimp, meat, eggs, milk and beans. It can be processed according to the taste that patients like.
4. Others:
Peanut: contains protein, fat, sugar, vitamins, minerals, 8 kinds of amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids, lecithin, choline, carotene and crude fiber. It has anti-cancer effect, and patients with chemotherapy can choose salted peanuts.
Lentinus edodes: contains vitamin B, iron, potassium and vitamin D. It is suggested that after drying in the sun, it should be diced and boiled, and diced carrots, diced tofu and chopped green onion can be added.
Bamboo shoots and pumpkins are rich in protein, amino acids and vitamins.
At different times, different nutrition schemes are recommended:
1, before chemotherapy: from 1-2 weeks before chemotherapy, those who can eat and have normal digestive function shall be given nutritional support according to the above principles; Those who have insufficient food, poor digestive function, or malnutrition are given oral or total nutritional enteral nutrition according to their illness; Parenteral nutrition support should be given to those with insufficient parenteral nutrition.
2. When chemotherapy is going on: On the day of chemotherapy, advance breakfast and postpone dinner, and extend the reaction time, which can avoid or alleviate digestive tract reactions such as nausea and vomiting. Take light food for breakfast, take the usual amount on weekdays, and take intravenous chemotherapy after 3-4 hours to reduce discomfort. During chemotherapy, a large amount of hydration can reduce the stimulation of drugs on digestive tract mucosa, which is beneficial to toxin excretion. Eat less and eat more, drink water separately from eating, a small amount of times, eating speed should not be too fast.
3, the interval of chemotherapy: give a nutritious high-protein, high-calorie, high-vitamin diet to promote the body's recovery. Pay attention to eating step by step, starting with a light and small amount, from semi-liquid (porridge, rotten noodles, steamed eggs, etc.) to general food. Food processing methods are mainly stewing, boiling and steaming, and a homogenized diet is made when necessary.
During chemotherapy, in addition to diet and nutrition support, patients also need to maintain a comfortable mood, strengthen exercise, improve immunity, and fight against diseases!