Is the image in the nightmare transformed into a shark, or is the ferocious image of a shark disturbing the dream of mankind? For many years, the triangular fin haunting the beach water has been a symbol of terror and blood. Biologists infer that sharks swam in the sea about 400 million years ago. This boneless "marine killer" (sharks belong to the class Chondroichthys, and their endoskeleton is all composed of cartilage, which is often calcified, but there is no real bone tissue) seems to be born against us like poisonous snakes and poisonous spiders. If you add all kinds of horrible impressions that sharks bring to human beings, this creature can be called the supreme terror maker.

Since 1968, the French underwater photographer Jeff Altmont has taken pains to take pictures of these "sea killers" across the ocean. Obviously, Jeff's purpose is not to show and confirm this horror-although the huge mouth and fangs in the photo are dazzling; And there is an indisputable fact: this horrible image of a bully in the sea does haunt our nightmares. During the 30-year shooting process, Jeff's photos tried to avoid those horrible mouths. He wanted to show people in his own way that this is a huge species with 8 orders, 30 families and 360 species (approximate number). In Jeff's photographic lens, these "marine killers" have their own characteristics: Zhang Kuo, a member of the order Platichthyoptera, has his mouth close to the back of his body, squeezing his thin abdomen almost out of sight, and all members of this purpose are close relatives of rays; Members of the sawshark order have a long kiss covered with spikes; Horned sharks carry two spiny dorsal fins on their backs and also have a long kiss; The members of the true shark order have eyes at the front of their mouths, and there are three kinds of instantaneous membranes to protect their eyes; There are six or seven pairs of branchial cleft and one anal fin, which are members of the order Hexbranchia, a family of which has four species of sharks. There is no instantaneous membrane outside the eyes of members of the order Murdocera; A pair of long whiskers floated out from the inner wing of the nostril of the order Stipulidae; Members of the order Tiger Sharks have a kiss that looks like a pig's mouth.

Jeff's photos make most people see something they have never seen in their lives: this is a terrorist army composed of predators of different sizes and shapes. Their ugly appearance, rough and hard skin, spindle-shaped body structure are in line with the principle of fluid mechanics, and their members are equipped with sharp and good teeth without exception. There are all kinds of teeth here: flat teeth are suitable for grinding mollusk shells; Long and sharp teeth are suitable for tearing other fish. In terrestrial mammals, the teeth of predators are widely spaced, while the teeth of sharks are as compact as serrations. Generally speaking, the number of teeth of a shark is 300 to 400. Behind the first row of teeth, the backup teeth are flat against the gums, and the new teeth are filled immediately after the first row of teeth fall off. In 20 years, some kinds of sharks have lost 300,000 teeth! All sharks have no other fish to control the ups and downs of the swim bladder. However, they have a huge liver (its weight can reach1/4 of the body weight), and the liver tissue is rich in fish oil with a density lower than that of water, which plays the same role as the swim bladder. Only the bull shark is different from other sharks of the same kind. This shark floats to the surface to inflate the stomach, thereby maintaining buoyancy.

As far as we know, the small shark species are no more than 20 cm long; Large body length 18 meters, the weight can reach 20 tons. Almost all kinds of sharks are suitable for predation. Recent studies have found that sharks are not as bad-sighted as they are generally believed, and they can distinguish the eddies hit by divers' flippers from far away. This kind of good eyesight benefits from its unique eyeball structure, which can reflect external light and project it to the retina twice, so sharks can see clearly in dim environment. In fact, sharks can cope without relying on vision. The shark's body surface is full of pits with dense nerve endings, which makes it very sensitive to every change in the outside world. In addition, sharks have an unusually sensitive nose. It can sniff out the smell of a drop of blood diluted in100000 liters of water, and can track it for several kilometers in the sea to find the source of blood. The last thing I want to say is its formidable face, which is covered with glandular holes that can detect the changes of the surrounding electric field. The difference of the electric quantity that can be sensed by these glandular holes is 0.01millivolt, and it is through these glandular holes that sharks accurately capture the muscle movements that cause the changes of the electric field.

Let's talk as little as possible about the terrible teeth of sharks. Especially when the owners of these offensive "weapons" are often "big Macs" with a body length of more than 8 meters-only killer whales are equal to them in the sea. Some sharks can be called tireless swimmers, and they can swim in temperate waters for one day and night 100 km; Downward, it dives 2000 meters (biologists have found that a marked dogfish swam in 129 days 1600 kilometers). Sharks are fierce but not picky eaters. It can easily tear the sea lion into pieces, and it can also casually chew the rotting whale carcass. There is a notorious great white shark in the shark family. This kind of shark is fierce, and it is the best among many "marine killers". The novelist even wrote a bestseller based on a tragedy that happened on the coast of New Jersey in the United States in 19 16. This is Jaws that many people have read. It is precisely because the great white shark is fierce and fierce that people almost put all the evil deeds of sharks attacking human beings on the account of the great white shark-even if there are at least 20 species such as tiger shark and hammerhead shark that should be included in the list. Although the great white shark is also known as a man-eating shark, one research result is that sharks are not interested in the taste of human flesh, and they may attack people just for a change or for self-defense after injury. Moreover, due to its long digestive cycle, sharks don't eat much in the end, and the amount of one thigh is enough. According to scientific statistics, shark attacks on people are much less common than other water accidents. In the shark attack, about1/4 of the people died, and most of the causes of death were bleeding and shock, rather than what people often think-the dead were swallowed alive by sharks, leaving no debris.

So objectively speaking, sharks are not predatory. In the past century, the number of shark attacks on human beings has been recorded as about 4,000 times, and in 1997, the number of shark attacks was 60 times, resulting in the death of 12 people. These figures are enough to dispel people's inexplicable fear of sharks, but it is very fragile to defend the systematic killing of sharks by human beings. About 60 million sharks are killed every year, not because they pose a threat to human life. Sharks are similar to pigs, and can be said to be full of treasures: shark's fin and meat are the dishes of gourmets; Shark skin is a handsome commodity pursued by leather merchants; Cod liver oil is not only used for medicine, but also an auxiliary material for making cosmetics. Shark's stomach can extract anticancer substances ... How can a creature with such important economic value not be coveted? It is estimated that in the late 1990s, the total number of sharks killed by humans weighed 800,000 tons. In Europe, France ranks first in Europe with the killing amount of10.8 million tons. In contrast, the fertility of the hunted object is not high: it takes 12 years for a male shark to reach sexual maturity. At present, 20 species of sharks are on the verge of extinction under the killing of human beings. 1An agreement was signed in Rome in early 1999 to protect sharks, but there were no substantive measures in it. The mysterious "marine killer" who swims in the boundless blue waves has many forms but many fates. As another "living fossil" in the ocean, sharks deserve a fair and objective evaluation. Jeff's photos let people see a colorful shark world. Get close to it, understand it and protect it, just like protecting elephants and whales, and give sharks the protection they deserve. The more people know about sharks, the less inexplicable fear they have of this creature.

According to the data, there is not only one mysterious zone of the ocean in Bermuda Triangle, but there are at least seven "mysterious areas". Bermuda Triangle, Japan Sea Triangle, the waters near the Atlantic Island, the waters between Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean and the continental United States, the coastal areas of Portugal and southeast Africa, Cape Hatteras.

What is at work that makes the triangle so mysterious? So far, no scientist can explain it. The disappearance of planes and ships happens mysteriously year after year. Japan's sea triangle lies between the south of Honshu, Japan and Hawaii. The Japanese call it "Devil's Sea". This Devil's Sea Triangle is the area between Nojima-zaki at the southern tip of Chiba Prefecture, Japan, and the 3-point connecting line from the east 1 0,000 km to Guam in the south, where many ships and planes have disappeared without a trace. The strangest incident was 1976 1 month 16, when a Norwegian transport ship "Berchi Istrad" disappeared here inexplicably without any trace without any huge wind and waves. The records of other missing ships also show that they all disappeared strangely. 1980, a cargo ship sailing from Los Angeles, USA to Qingdao, China, suddenly sent out a "sos" rescue signal when it entered the Japanese Devil's Sea 220km east of Noshimazaki 1 0/.Soon, the ship flew the Yugoslav flag with a load of14,71. Only the night before, less than 9 hours after the disappearance of this cargo ship, another huge ship was also declared missing in the Devil's Sea of Japan, which was a Libyan cargo ship sailing from Chile to Nagoya, Japan. It was wrecked 570 kilometers south of Noshimazaki. The cargo ship named "A Dienis" with a load of 29,700 tons and a crew of 32 also sank soon after sending out the "sos" signal. Five days and six days after the disappearance of the "Dienis" and the "Danube" respectively, that is, at 5: 47 p.m. on 198 1 month 2, a Greek cargo ship was also 1,300 kilometers east of Noshimazaki. After calling for help, it disappeared inexplicably, including 35 crew members on board. In just one week, three huge ships have been swallowed up by the Devil's Sea continuously, which makes people wonder what happened to this sea area.

Strangely enough, after the crash, the planes and ships that searched the sea area found no trace of the missing ship, let alone the bodies of the missing crew, as if they had been sucked in by the sea. Other ships and planes disappeared after the compass and instruments failed inexplicably, and there was no news again. Therefore, people also call it the Devil's Triangle, and the Japanese even call it the "Dragon Triangle", which was named after the dragon in western fairy tales. Tianlong is a huge monster with wings and claws, and spits fire in his mouth, symbolizing violence and evil. This shows people's fear of this sea area. Some people speculate that it is because the ocean in this sea area is extremely complex, which brings difficulties to manipulation and causes ships and planes to crash; There is also speculation that there must be huge magnetite on the seabed, so the compass rotates quickly and can't find its position, but there is no reliable basis. In any case, the disappearance of ships here mostly occurs in winter, and the difference between the water temperature and the air temperature here is 20 degrees every winter, so there is often a strong upward airflow at sea, which arouses triangular waves on the sea surface. It is said that there may be huge waves more than 20 meters high in this sea area, which is of course terrible for ships.

The Mediterranean Sea surrounded by land in the Mediterranean Triangle has always been regarded as a calm inland sea. Who knows that there is actually a devil's triangle here, which is located between the southern tip of Italy and the three islands of Sicily and Corsica. It is called the Tyrrhenian Sea.

In this triangle area, dozens of ships and planes were swallowed up inexplicably. 1at 8: 00 a.m. on a certain day in June, 1980, a.

An Italian flight took off from Brown on time, and its destination was Paramo, Sicily. The estimated flight time is 1 elbow 45 minutes. When the plane flew for 37 minutes, the captain reported his position to the tower over Pongsha Island, and there was no news again. No one knew how the plane was missing. There was no trace of 8/kloc-0 passengers and crew on board, and the plane naturally disappeared.

What is even more strange is that in a calm sea, some ships will suddenly disappear, even big ships are no exception. The latest disappearance was quite strange. Two fishing boats were fishing in the sea where they could see each other. The location was about 46 nautical miles west-southwest of Pongsha Island. One fishing boat named Shana was working with eight crew members, while the other fishing boat named Gasaobia had 1 1 crew members. At that time, the two fishing boats not only talked and contacted each other. But at dawn, the "Gasaobia" found that the "Shana" was missing. At first they thought it had driven away. But the fish is in such a good mood, why did the "Shana" leave without finishing its homework? To this end, the captain of "Gasaobia" made a report to the base. Three hours later, an Italian coast patrol helicopter arrived in this sea area. Surprisingly, at this time, not only the Shana was out of sight, but also the Gasaobia, which just reported the Shana's disappearance not long ago. The helicopter, which was deeply surprised, searched every sea area carefully. It was not until the fuel in the aircraft tank was only enough to return to the base that the helicopter informed a large fishing boat with a tonnage of19.000 tons in the nearby sea area to assist in the search. Pay attention. The captain of the fishing boat named "Iania" said that their ship could reach the sea area within three hours and would pay attention to the rescue signal of the missing ship there. And spend the night there.

The next morning, three helicopters came to this area to search again. Strangely, let alone the first two missing ships, even the "Iania" was gone. Since then, these three ships, together with 5 1 crew on board, have disappeared in a calm sea without any trace.