People's feelings are divided into emotions. Mourning has always been a permanent keynote in poetry chanting, but it is also a word "mourning", which is only expressed by different people through different things. Liu's "Dream Outside the Window Blows, Cold Light Blows", the lonely lamp is cold, and it is written about the loneliness of the long night; Ouyang Xiu has "a bright future, a bright future. Why worry about new things every year? " The grass beside the green river is full of sad sighs of rolling red dust.

Different scenery plays different roles on the sad stage, and also deduces different meanings.

1. Flowers are also sad.

"Where petals flow like tears", flowers bloom and fall, full of sadness. Colorful flowers in the riverside courtyard are gently telling the feelings about the world, love and life. In "Yangzhou Slow", "I look at the red medicine by the bridge, and I know who I am born for every year?" The scene of decline is in front of us, but the sad sigh is buried in my heart. Eye-catching and sad, is it just a few peony flowers that can make it clear that you are no longer sad in the prosperous times? Crying red medicine makes you bitter.

There is "Where does the spring breeze come from?" Peach blossoms no longer bloom. "This is similar to Cui Hu's" people don't know where to go, the peach blossom is still smiling ". The characters are completely different. Even the peach blossoms that people talk about and never forget don't exist. Sad husband? Love? Deeply lament that the old love is gone forever and can only be bitter. It is no wonder that "Song of Yao Mountain in December" sings: Look at Liu Feijuan, I am drunk with peach blossoms. Fly willow, but can't keep my husband; Peach blossoms bring sadness, rain and clouds. The sadness of staying alone in an empty boudoir is just reflected in the peach blossoms, red willows and green willows in spring. Happiness and sadness intersect, which is even more sad. Similarly, on the other side, hibiscus has escaped, but you still don't come back. "Wang, there is no news of Lotus. "The graceful hibiscus flowers in summer have become a symbol of waiting and expectation, which explains the sadness of Lanfang's waste." The wind is uncertain, people are quiet first, and the bright moon is red. "In Fairy Descent, I used flowers in a small courtyard to express my feelings of hurting spring, and Yan Shu also used" nothing happened to the flowers, my face seemed to have met before, and the small garden was wandering alone "to tell her sadness that she could not get rid of. In fact, there used to be a lot of red flowers, and not only the delicate flowers passed away, but also the youthful years of life. The courtyard door is locked with not only falling red, but also a dying heart. The heart in the door is stuffy, and it hurts spring when you are old.

Behind the colorful, there are different tears and loneliness.

2. Birds have the same sadness.

Flowers are graceful, birds are more affectionate, cuckoos are weeping for blood, and mandarin ducks are lingering, all conveying the thoughts of gloomy times.

"The cuckoo bleeds and the ape whimpers." Lotte wrote the sadness and helplessness of being demoted with a cuckoo. Liu Changqing wrote that "here, the place where you were exiled for three years, Chu Liuxiang for ten thousand years", and "staying here for the night" refers to a bird's life that can't fly, which is a metaphor for Jia Yi's frustration and the author's moving pain.

If losing face is a kind of sadness, then relying on others is even more helpless. "The host loves the guests and greets them normally. The parrot is in the golden cage. " A parrot in a golden cage is a sponsor, and its suffering is self-evident.

"Where the partridge is crying, the east wind is green and the flowers are blooming." There is also "the maid-in-waiting is like the flower Man Chun Hall, and today there are only partridges flying." Partridge has always been a symbol of decline in ancient poetry, and its sad cry often indicates sadness and decline. Although the past of the former dynasty was beautiful, it is now a thing of the past, and we can only express that sadness and desolation through the voice of the partridge.

In Yan's singing, there is not only joy, but also deep loss and sigh.

3. Tribute to * * *

There is a classic saying in A Dream of Red Mansions: "Crossing the crane shadow in the cold pond, Leng Yue buries the soul of poetry." Leng Yue, the soul of poetry, explains the proportion of the moon in the minds of China people, especially poets, and the relationship between the moon and personnel has an indissoluble complex.

In Pipa Story, the moon is used to express sadness many times. "When the river mysteriously widens towards the full moon," "The east ship and the west ship are silent, and we see the white autumn moon entering the river." The bright autumn moon and the west wind just reveal an unspeakable desolation. The brighter the moon, the more it will evoke the sadness of not being reunited.

Lotte lay man is not the only one who sighs for the moon. Two Poems by Liu Yong —— A pair of parting words —— Rain and Rain

Both Bell and Lotus Picking Order take the moon as the scene. "Yang Liuan Xiao Feng Canyue" and "Yue Hua Yun Dan Feng Qing" shine on the river and make people cry. The bleak moonlight made my mood more gloomy. The bright moon in the night sky is the representative of sadness, which will only increase the worries of wild travelers.

There are thousands of stars shining on each other, but the moon falls without company. The lonely moon often causes the melancholy of lonely people. "When the moon sets, it is generally lonely." With a gentle word, you can write the resentment of loneliness and self-pity. "Mei Shaoyue leans on a lonely map and hates fickle feelings." Yue is also lonely, and people are also lonely. After a few words of singing and comparison, the heroine's bitterness jumped to the page. Is really catalpa ze Ai Yu, silently v. cold yue.

4. All the rain complaints

Small raindrops may be like tears on a woman's face. The Song of Eternal Sorrow describes Yang Yuhuan's tearful face with "a pear flower with a rainy spring". Perhaps because of this, the drizzle knocking on the window condensed the grievances of countless people.

Li Qingzhao has a saying that "the phoenix tree is raining, at dusk, dribs and drabs". The desolation of the drizzle phoenix tree is mixed with the sadness of falling life experience. "The wind is fluttering and the rain is raining. As a Chen Tuan, I can't sleep." "Wind" and "rain" render melancholy. It is not only the body that is cold, but also the lonely soul. At the time of insomnia, perhaps sadness is like a hundred-year-old night rain, endless and endless. In spring, there is a saying that "sleep alone, rain at night for a hundred years".

"I don't know if it's hard to get together, but it turns into rain and hate." Liu Yong wrote that sorrow is like sex, which is enough to see the depth of resentment.

Tears in the breeze, a little Mao Mao rain * * * Qi Fei's tears. The sigh of wind and rain may continue. ...

Flowers, birds, fish and insects, ups and downs, more natural scenery than Qian Qian, there may be more places for people's voices and sighs. ...

There are unspeakable pains in life. Can a person sigh to express his mind? Can only tell, let the fate of falling cast those unforgettable words.

Second, life has a heavy fate.

In China's classical culture, there have always been rich and colorful themes, some touching erotic works, some heroic and patriotic works, some melancholy and sighing works, some sentimental works that see through the world, and some works that sigh the fate of life among literati, because of their meaningful taste, people can't stop.

1. Life is short

Since ancient times, the shortness of life has been lamented by countless people, and the chanting of this is of course extraordinary. There is a cloud in the Book of Songs: "The feathers of the ephemera are well dressed. Is the worry in my heart where I belong? " "Cao Feng? Mayflies, as early as the pre-Qin period, our ancestors knew how to use the ephemeral insect "Mayflies" to symbolize the brevity of time. " After Hong Yan, Yingying went back and counted thousands of things. "Yan Shu's Magnolia", in the Tang and Song Dynasties, the ancients used scenes such as "Hong Yan" and "Guiying" to describe how time flies, and then lamented the fleeting and short life. In addition, there is "longer than the spring dream, like autumn clouds." Autumn Clouds in Yan Shu's Dream of Spring and Magnolia, and Season after season in Pipa Travel, I'm glad to add joy to it, but I don't notice the spring breeze of autumn moon. "Autumn Moon" and "Spring Breeze" both refer to short life and fleeting beautiful years. There are many such works, so I won't describe them in detail. They all warn future generations that life is short, but as long as they learn to cherish and use it, the limited life will be extended indefinitely.

2. The rise and fall of fate

Most of the literati are frustrated, or their talents are not obvious, or their careers are bumpy, or they live in seclusion, or indulge in famous mountains and rivers. The works they left behind are full of blood and tears, which are the treasures of China ancient literature. Among them, Dr. Qu Yuan is one of the best. "When you meet your head, go." "Chu ci? The author used the allusions of' Jieyu' and' Sangmao' to express his dissatisfaction with the court and society and lamented that he was not reused. " Who can ask: Is Lian Po old enough to eat? "Xin Qiji" is a joy through the ages? In "Looking Back at the Gubei Pavilion in Jingkou", the author expressed his resentment that although he had ambitions, he could not be reused and volunteered. Although some people lament the lack of talents, others are still full of lofty sentiments about the future. Wang Wei's "Dragon Head Song" "Chang 'an Young Ranger, the night view building is too white. "Taibai shows his ambition to make contributions and be eager to try." The tide of the lonely river joined the dark sky and the ferryman boarded his boat. It's getting late and we can't sail. "How many people in ancient times threw themselves into the dark officialdom like moths for fame, and dedicated their youth, but who can predict the rise and fall of fate?

3. Origin and extinction

The impermanence of life and destiny is inevitable. In people's minds, the reunion of family and friends is such an impermanent gift. All good things must come to an end, and cause and effect are beyond people's control. Therefore, the yearning and praise of the ancients for reunion is always lacking. "It's as empty as a bead curtain, and the sky is grey and the Milky Way hangs down. Every year tonight, the moonlight is like practice, and it takes thousands of miles a day. " Fan Zhongyan used "bright moon" to symbolize reunion in his poems. The autumn moon is bright, but his relatives are thousands of miles away. Every year, he is full of longing for reunion. "I hope that people will live for a long time and have a good scenery for thousands of miles." Expressed the author's good wish to reunite with his family. "Looking up, I found it was moonlight, sinking again, and I suddenly thought of home." It also expresses the poet's sadness about missing his hometown. People are always wandering between yearning and yearning, and the bright moon is a mirror for them to place their homesickness.

"This year's flowers are better than last year's, but next year's flowers are better." Endless changes in life have created the richness and brilliance of life; "Dead lotus leaf, pale color, old handle swaying", the rise and fall of fate, highlights the mysterious abundance of fate. Understanding the essence of the ancients' thoughts makes us feel the pulse of life, and makes us know how to cherish the scenery around us, the little things around us, the family and friends around us, and everything we have now.

If life is too short to make people sad, then love is the harbor of life, which will make people feel a little dependent and warm after the storm. Before and after the flowers, I often write down a piece of joy that is connected with each other.

Third, infatuation with each other.

Since ancient times, people have told countless love stories. No matter at home or abroad, we can casually cite several familiar sad love stories: Peacock Flying Southeast by Jiao Zhongqing and Liu Lanzhi, become a butterfly by Liang Zhu, balcony conversation between romeo and Juliet, etc., which have all become popular stories for a period of time. Then, we summarized several categories to express love.

1. Love of Two Birds

In the process of research, what we see most is the love expressed by birds, because most of the love expressed by birds embodies firmness, firmness, love and acacia. The birds used are mandarin ducks and swallows, and magpies and pigeons also appear.

The poem "Peacock flies southeast" mentioned just now says, "There are two birds, calling themselves Yuanyang, and they look up at each other and sing, reaching the fifth watch every night." In "A Bunch of Flowers", "The double moon pool and marsh are water soluble, and the north and south are small." Yuanyang and Yuanyang both symbolize the love and persistence of husband and wife. The well-known "pigeon of Guanluo" in Guanluo and the "pigeon of Guanluo" in Hezhou are loyal birds, showing loyal love. The poems written by Swallow are mostly used as a contrast, showing the suffering and loneliness of lovesickness, and the author Yan Shu is a representative figure. Such poems appear in Dies and Qingpingle.

Not only birds can show love, but also other animals, such as The Book of Songs? Feng Wei? "There is a Fox" poem "There is a fox on another beam. If you are worried about your heart, your son has no clothes. " I wrote that the fox was courting alone, symbolizing the outflow of her husband, and also wrote the wife's yearning for her husband.

2. Flowers and trees convey love

Birds are used to express love, and of course flowers and plants are also used to express love, which can be described as colorful.

And what they express is different: in Peacock Flying Southeast, pine and cypress are planted on the east and west, and phoenix trees are planted on the left and right. Branches are covered and leaves are communicating. "Just use the things symbolized by' pine and cypress' and' phoenix tree' to compare the evergreen and eternal love.

Speaking of grass, the poet may think that the status of grass is relatively low, and they all express some resentment: in Peacock Flying Southeast, "Puwei was unbearable for a while, so it was a long time." "Puwei" means that the loyalty of love cannot be maintained for a long time. What about the Book of Songs? Hurricane? In Gu Feng, "there is no such thing as picking weeds and Philippine flowers", which means that the husband only looks at looks, not morality. The metaphor of flowers is mostly acacia and emotion, so I won't say much here.

3. Yue Ming Yu Zhen

In addition to the above two expressions of love, there are many other expressions. If there is love expressed by the moon, Ouyang Xiu's "Life Coroner" mentioned that "on the willow tip, people meet after dusk. On January night this year, the moon light is still there. " The moon symbolizes the eternity of happiness and love. And the moon in Fu Zi Chu Junyi doesn't have this scene at all. "Since Yi, I don't care about that disabled machine anymore. Thinking of a gentleman is like looking at the moon, and it decreases every night. " The bright moon in the middle symbolizes the purity, innocence and loyalty of women's feelings.

In addition, there are many love stories from allusions, such as Jin Se by Li Shangyin, Ma Zi and Magnolia by Yan Shu, which all express the author's longing for love and nostalgia for the past.

Since we have the sweetness of meeting each other after a brief encounter, we can't help but be accompanied by the pain of parting. Because every time we meet, it's just the beginning of the next parting. .........

Fourth, the distant mountains are full of complaints.

As the saying goes, "there is no banquet that must come to an end", and there is also the truth that "we must be together for a long time, and we must be together for a long time". Therefore, in life, many parting things often happen around us. From ancient times to the present, without exception. So, how did the ancients express their inner feelings of parting through poetry?

1. Willow farewell

Willow is a common thing for the ancients to express their thoughts of parting.

In Wang Wei's "Send Yuan Er Shi An Xi";

"Weicheng is a rainy city with light dust, and the guest house is a willow. I advise you to drink more wine. It makes no sense to go to Yangguan in the west. " In this famous farewell song, the poet used the color of willow to symbolize parting.

The "Liu Yang" in Liu Yong's The Rain Rings is "Yang Liuan Xiaofeng Canyue"; In Yan Shu's butterfly lovers, the "willow" is a symbol of parting.

2. Spend time with the moon.

"Moonlight harvesting, the clouds are pale and frosty." -Liu Yong's "Lotus Picking Order" uses the moonlight as the background to render the pain of parting.

"Lonely sails on the sunset river, green grass and love in Wan Li, Hunan." -Liu Changqing's "Send Yan Shiyuan" not only writes the scenery of the sunset sailing; It also brought out two scenes that lingered until dusk and did not want to leave.

Because birds disappear in the space outside the desolate green hills. -Liu Changqing's Watching Wang Nanzheng. "Bird" is a metaphor for a friend's trip to the south, which shows that the friend's journey is unpredictable and pours his care and anxiety.

"River Bridge Pushing Canopy at Rainy Night" —— A Gift for Zhou Qifeng. The scenes in Storm and Night give people the feeling of infinite cold and heavy pressure, which plays a powerful role in setting off the sad feelings of parting.

The smoke cage is paved with blue bricks. -Wang Bo's two farewells to jathyapple in Jiangting. "Smoke" describes the night smoke and expresses the poet's confusion of parting mood.

3. Landscape traces

"Sadness is getting farther and farther, and the distance is like spring water." -Ouyang Xiu's "Walking on the Sand", the ever-moving "spring water" is a metaphor for the author's sadness of running away from home, and his thoughts are getting deeper and deeper.

"Embroiderers use Philip Burkart, hanging beads and dew, and weeping to send the levy wheel." —— Han Zhen's "Yin Cao in Feng Xiao", taking "grass" and "dew" as metaphors, sent the levy wheel away in tears.

Ouyang xiu's "resentment? Thrushcross's "landscape" of "fate has its own grievances, so painting grows in the mountains"; The Book of Songs? In Taifeng Xiongpheasant, the male pheasant flies in the air, releasing its feathers. In "Pheasant"; In Plum, "Red Lotus Root Fragrance Leaving Jade Autumn" symbolizes the parting personnel or feelings.

There are two sentences in Du Mu's "Farewell":

"Candles have a heart to say goodbye and cry for others until dawn." The author used the tears of candles to express his deep sadness and parting. Just because of the boundless affection, I can't help but be reluctant to part. Here, candles symbolize the feeling of parting.

……

At this point, I think you should know something about parting in poetry!

As the saying goes, "since ancient times, feelings have hurt and left", and then "holding hands to see tears, there is nothing to say." When parting, suffering and crying, you might as well learn from the ancients and write a poem and a song to express your feelings!

It is because of heartbreaking parting that there will be lasting thoughts. Tears flowed in the breeze, and acacia sang my heart.

Fifth, the autumn wind is full of thoughts.

In the complicated world, there is always a reaction in people's hearts, and the "charm" of missing is the greatest. The power that its appearance and outbreak brought to people: recalling the past; Cherish the present; Look to the future. Throughout the ages, many great men and ordinary people have deeply experienced the ups and downs of missing. This kind of feeling is the same in the process of our group's investigation and research, and the images in the poem highlight the essence of this feeling.

1. Homesickness of Jiangfeng Bird

The "charm" of missing makes travelers who are wandering abroad brave hardships and work hard. In "The Yangtze River Wan Li Map", "The river flows eastward to Wan Li, and now people are wandering in other places", the poet thought of his own wandering, and the river flows eastward to Wan Li, and people are also wandering in Wan Li. The dream of hometown reflects the sadness of travelers from the negative side, and the river flowing eastward reflects the helplessness of travelers from the positive side, which fully shows the poet's yearning for hometown. Wang Bo's In the Mountains describes the bleak autumn wind with yellow leaves falling, which reflects the homesickness of travelers and compares the poet's bleak mood and wandering situation. In Partridge Map, "misty rain and bitter bamboo fall, which is touching, and often calls itself a hook", through "partridge" and "bitter bamboo", the wanderer's homesickness and the pain of the journey are expressed, and a sad and lonely tone atmosphere and sad mood are deliberately rendered. In Little Peach Blossom, "The voice of the diamond pickers is separated by autumn smoke, and the waves are as quiet as horizontal practice" leads to a deep homesickness by describing the picturesque scenery of the autumn river. In Autumn Watch and Going to Taihang Mountain, the sadness, helplessness and pain of homesickness are also reflected.

2. Qingshan Yongquan thinks about national conditions

The charm of missing makes friends who have been away from home for many years create a miracle of life. The "Loneliness, Hometown with Green Trees and Moss" in "A Full Moon on Earth", a series of scenery evokes the author's deep yearning for the old country, which is sad. What about the Book of Songs? Hurricane? The "Spring Water" in "Spring Water" also flows to Zhan. In the poem "Huai Wei, don't think in the daytime", the influx of "spring water" not only expresses the poet's nostalgia for the motherland.

3. Thinking about love in the distance

The "charm" of missing makes women waiting at home live at home without regrets. "After leaving, the mountain is faint, and the water is sparkling" in "Songs of Yao Mountain in December" describes a woman's deep yearning for her parting sweetheart, in which the woman's yearning also expresses her love in her heart, which makes people feel sorry for her. All this, just because of missing and caring, gives people strength in the dark.

Distant mountains and rivers, yellow leaves of rivers, birds and full moon ... these images all belong to the category of missing. The poet's wonderful pen and the poet's homesickness make us realize the profoundness and far-reaching charm of ancient poetry.