Bergamot likes warm climate, including white bergamot and red bergamot. The fruit of bergamot with white flowers is mostly in the shape of reaching out and the fruit of autumn is in the shape of a boxer. Both the red flower bergamot fruit and the autumn fruit are boxers. Both species are suitable for potted plants.
Selection of pots and allocation of nutrient soil
Pots with good air permeability and water permeability are generally selected for potted bergamot. The diameter of the pot is 25 ~ 30cm, and the height is not less than l8cm. There should be three drainage holes at the bottom of the pot. Bergamot is a shallow-rooted, acidophilic green plant, which likes loose and rich soil with excellent drainage. Therefore, humus soil, river sand and peat soil are generally mixed according to the ratio of 6:3: 1, and appropriate peanut bran or bone meal is added as base fertilizer.
Fertilizer and water management
Bergamot prefers fertilizer, so it is necessary to grasp the standard of applying fertilizer frequently and thinly. At the end of March and early spring, it is advisable to apply basal fertilizer thinly once a week by combining watering. During the growth period from June to July, apply the compost peanut bran water once every 3 to 5 days, and then apply a little phosphorus and potassium fertilizer moderately to promote flowering and fruiting; At the end of July to September, it is advisable to provide compound fertilizer every ten days; When the fruit ripens after October, in order to promote the redifferentiation of flower buds, organic fertilizer can also be applied thinly once. In addition, can 0.2% aluminum sulfate be used to water the soil during bud pregnancy, which can maintain the acidity and alkalinity of the soil.
Water bergamot needs to maintain the standard of seeing dry and wet. Its growth and development period is in high temperature weather, and its water demand is relatively large. In addition to watering in the morning and evening, it is necessary to carry out water spraying to improve air humidity. Watering should be controlled in the early stage of fruiting, so as to prevent water from causing fruit loss; After autumn, the amount of watering can be gradually reduced. During the ultra-low temperature period in late winter and early spring, the room volatilizes slowly, so it can be watered once every three to five days in the morning to keep the basin soil moist.
Plastic trimming
Pruning of bergamot should be carried out before the germination stage in early spring, and weak branches, blind branches, dense branches and pest branches should be cut off. Most of the short branches of bergamot are fruit branches, so pruning should be minimized. In spring, if some terminal buds have already spread, they can all be picked, which can promote the growth of bergamot flower buds. Summer shoots should be cut off moderately, while autumn shoots are relatively strong and must be preserved reasonably.
Temperature, sunlight exposure and daily management
Bergamot prefers light to shade, and is afraid of hot sun and cold. Usually placed in areas with abundant sunlight and better natural ventilation; It is necessary to shade moderately in hot summer to prevent water loss caused by exposure. Move into the room for maintenance before defrosting, and keep the indoor temperature above 5℃ to prevent freezing. Daily management needs to loosen the soil immediately to prevent the basin soil from caking; Young plants of bergamot must be turned over once a year, and the main stems of adult bergamot should be turned over every two or three years, mostly before the buds sprout in early spring. When turning over the pots, the roots can be moderately pruned to cut off the rotten roots, and the pot soil can be mixed with compost or compost farm manure, and a small amount of peanut bran or phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be added to the bottom of the pot as the base fertilizer.
Huaguo management
The flowers of bergamot in early April-June are mostly parthenocarps cut on the autumn shoots last year, which can't bear fruit and should be all cut off. Around the end of June, the flowers cut on the original spring shoots are mostly bisexual flowers, which can bear fruit (ps: the anthers of fertile flowers are mostly emerald green and large in shape, and the anthers of infertile flowers are pale yellow and small in shape. ) each short branch can keep 1~2 flowers, and others can be thinned out to promote its growth into a big fruit. When the fruit grows to the size of the button, some young fruits should be removed, which is beneficial to the uniformity of the fruit. In addition, during the flowering and fruiting period, attention should also be paid to clearing the buds sprouting on the dead branches to prevent fruit loss.