Seven kinds of nutrients can play three physiological roles in human body: one is as energy substances, supplying the energy needed by human body (mainly protein, carbohydrate and fat); The second is as a "building" material for human body. Protein is the main energy supply for human body. Thirdly, as a regulating substance, it regulates the physiological functions of human body, mainly including vitamins, inorganic salts and cellulose. These nutrients are distributed in various foods, and you can get them as long as you can eat them widely.
The seven nutrients include: 1. protein 2. Lipids 3. Carbohydrates 4. Vitamins 5. Minerals 6. Water 7. Dietary fiber 1. protein
Concept: protein is a macromolecular compound composed of amino acids, which is closely related to life and life activities.
Function: 1. It is an important component of tissues and cells, accounting for about 45% of the total solid content of human body
2. It is used to update and repair tissues and cells, and participate in the regulation of substance metabolism and physiological functions.
3. provide energy. About 1 ~ 15% of the daily heat energy needed by human body comes from protein.
second, lipid
concept: lipid is the general name of fat and lipid, and it is an important component of the body. Fat is a compound of fatty acids and glycerol. Foods rich in fat include animal oil and vegetable oil. Lipids mainly include phospholipids, glycolipids, cholesterol and cholesterol esters.
Functions of fat:
1. Oxidation provides energy
2. Synthetic precursors of some hormones (hormones)
3. Promoting the absorption of fat-soluble nutrients
Functions of lipids:
1. The main physiological function of lipids is to serve as the basic raw materials of cell membrane structure
2. It is used for the synthesis of hormones
3.
function: 1. power supply. About 7% of the energy needed by the human body is supplied by the oxidative decomposition of carbohydrates
2. Important components of tissues and cells
3. Active components formed with proteins and lipids < P > 4. Concept of vitamins < P >: Vitamins, also known as vitamins, are a kind of organic substances necessary for maintaining human life activities and an important active substance for maintaining human health. Divided into water-soluble and fat-soluble two categories.
function: the active components of various enzymes, which participate in the metabolism of matter and energy
V. Minerals
Concept: Minerals are also called inorganic salts or ash. The minerals needed by the human body are divided into two categories-macro elements and trace elements.
Function: 1. Minerals are important materials that constitute body tissues.
2. Regulating body fluid balance
3. Maintaining the body's acid-base balance
4. Activator of enzyme system
6. Water
Concept: Water is an essential substance for all life, a basic component in diet and has important physiological functions in life activities.
Function: 1. The main component of human body structure, water accounts for 5% ~ 6% of adult's weight
2. The solvent and transport carrier of nutrients
3. Regulating body temperature and lubricating tissues
VII. Dietary fiber
Concept: Dietary fiber refers to edible plant components that can resist digestion and absorption in human small intestine and can be fermented partially or completely in human large intestine. Dietary fiber has one or more physiological functions, such as relaxing bowels, regulating and controlling blood sugar concentration and reducing blood fat.
Function: 1. Improve intestinal function
2. Regulate lipid metabolism
3. Regulate carbohydrate metabolism
4. Regulate acid-base constitution
5. Help to control weight
Maintain human health, seven nutrients are indispensable, and excess is equally harmful!