Arctic Village River: a tributary on the south bank of the upper Heilongjiang River. It is located in the northwest of Mohe County. Formerly known as "Amazal River", it was changed to "Arctic Village River" during the 1981 census of geographical names. Originated from the southern foot of Kulin Mountain, from south to north, through the Logu River, Jindou two forests, in the Arctic Village near the injection into the Heilongjiang River. The total length of 48 kilometers, the river width of 9 meters, the depth of 0.7 meters, the watershed area of 659 square kilometers.

Emuer River: also known as "Emuer River". The right bank of the upper Heilongjiang tributary. Originated in the north side of the Daxinganling Xiongjiba Mountain, from south to north set of the old groove River, Daling River, Gulian River and other tributaries, crossing the entire territory of Mohe County, in Xing'an Township, near the village of Dahexi into the Heilongjiang River. The total length of 469 kilometers, the river width of 20-150 meters, water depth of 2-5 meters, basin area of 16,280 square kilometers.

Pangu River: right bank tributary of the upper Heilongjiang River. Located in the western part of Tahe County. Pangu, Oroqen language, meaning "rolling flow rapid" of the river. Originated in the Daxinganling Baikalu mountain eastern foothills, in twenty-three station northeast of 10 kilometers into the Heilongjiang. Total length of 165 kilometers, the river width of 20 a 45 meters, water depth of 1.2 meters, the watershed area of 3308 square kilometers.

Sirgen Gas River: right bank tributary of the upper Heilongjiang. Located in the north of tower river county. Xirgen Qi, Oroqen language, meaning "long and curved river". Originated in the western Luoerqi Shanxi foothills, there are two sources of large Xirgen Qi River, small Xirgen Qi River, a total length of 133 kilometers, in the township of Yixiken and open the Kukang township between the Double Hop station into the Heilongjiang River. The width of the river is 30-50 meters, the depth is 0.6-1.8 meters, and the basin area is 3858 square kilometers.

Huma River: a larger tributary on the right bank of the upper Heilongjiang River. Located in the northwest of Heilongjiang Province. The Qing dynasty called the "HuMaRiver" (also written as coromar), "kuMaRiver", after briefly for today's name. The name of a Mongolian language, meaning "the line of the forefront of the people"; a said Oroqen language, meaning that there are deer in the place. Originated in the Daxinganling pheasant field mountain, from west to east through the huzhong, tower river, huma 3 counties (districts), in huma town southeast into the Heilongjiang river. The total length of 524 kilometers, the river width of 50-350 meters, water depth of 1-3 meters. The main tributaries are Kamalan River, Ta River, Yishaxi River, Wolegan River, Chona River, Gulonggan River and so on. The watershed area is 31,000 square kilometers.

Kuan River: right bank tributary of the upper Heilongjiang River. Located in the south of Huma County. It originates from the east slope of Daxinganling, traveling from southwest to northeast, and injects into Heilongjiang near Sanka Village. The total length of 80 kilometers, the river width of 10-30 meters, the depth of 0.5-1.5 meters, the watershed area of 2177 square kilometers.

Toniu River: right bank tributary of the upper Heilongjiang River. Located in the north of Heihe City. It originates from the east side of the northern part of Xiao Xing'anling, flows from west to east, and injects into Heilongjiang near Dayinshan Village in Zhangdiyingzi Township. Total length of 66 kilometers, the river width of 20 meters, the depth of 1.0 meters, the watershed area of 655 square kilometers.

Fabela River: the upper right bank of the Heilongjiang River tributary. Located in the north of Heihe City. It originates from the eastern foot of the northern part of Xiao Xing'anling and injects into the Heilongjiang River near the village of Fa Beila in Shangmachang Township. The total length of 119 kilometers, the river width of 4-85 meters, water depth of 0.5-1.9 meters, watershed area of 2914 square kilometers.

Larbin River: the right bank of the Heilongjiang River, the second level of tributaries. Located in the north of Heihe City. Originated in the southern foot of Zhigao Mountain, from northwest to southeastbound, flowing through the Longyin Mountain North, in the new township seat south into the Fabela River. Total length of 67 kilometers, the river width of 20 meters, water depth of 0.7 meters, watershed area of 816 square kilometers.

Shijin River: right bank tributary of the middle reaches of the Heilongjiang River. Located in the eastern part of Heihe City. Originated in the central hills of Heihe City, from west to east, zigzag flow through the Jinhe Farm, near the town of Sijiazi into the Heilongjiang River. The total length of 53 kilometers, the river width of 30 meters, the depth of 0.8 meters, the watershed area of 858 square kilometers.

Gongbella River: right bank tributary of the middle reaches of the Heilongjiang River. Located in the south of Heihe City. Originated in the northern part of the small xinganling big black mountain, from the west zigzag to the eastbound, flowing through the jinhe farm, xigangzi town, etc., in the kunhe daur Manchu township into the heilongjiang river. Total length of 141 kilometers, the river width of 4-60 meters, water depth of 1.5-3 meters, watershed area of 2765 square kilometers.

Sun River: also known as "Sun Beila River" (also known as "Sun Bila"). The south bank of the middle reaches of Heilongjiang larger tributaries. Located in the north of Heilongjiang province. "Xun", Manchu means "milk". Originated in the west of Heihe City, Xiao Xing'anling, set several tributaries, from west to east through Sunwu, Xunker 2 counties, in Xunker County, near the village of Cheluwanzi injected into the Heilongjiang River. Larger tributaries are Chenqing River, Woliu River, Zhan River, Wudi River and so on. The total length of 279 kilometers, the river width of 70-100 meters, the depth of 0.8-2 meters, the watershed area of 15,868 square kilometers.

Kurbin River: a tributary of the south bank of the middle reaches of the Heilongjiang River. Located in the territory of Xunker County. Originated in the northern foothills of the Xiaoxinganling, traveling from south to north, flowing through the townships of Kelin, Dapai, Baoshan, etc., and injected into the Heilongjiang River near Limin Village in Chelu Township. The total length of 221 kilometers, the river width of 30-65 meters, water depth of 1.5 meters, watershed area of 4968 square kilometers.

Wuyun River: south bank tributary of the middle reaches of the Heilongjiang River. Located in the north of Heilongjiang Province. Anciently known as "Wuyi River", "Wuyin River". "Uy", Mongolian means "woods". Originated from the northern slope of the Xiaoxing'anling Mountains, flows through Yichun City, Xunker County junction and the northern part of Jiayin County, near the town of Shuanghe into the Heilongjiang River. The total length of 130 kilometers, the river width of 35 meters, water depth of 0.8 meters, the watershed area of 2461 square kilometers.

Jielie River: south bank tributary of the middle reaches of the Heilongjiang River. Located in the middle of Jiayin County. Originated in the Xiaoxinganling Shouhu Mountain, from south to north, flowing through the Shouhu Mountain, Yulin, unity and other forests, in the north of Yanjiang Tun into the Heilongjiang River. Total length of 77 kilometers, the river width of 9-28 meters, water depth of 0.4-0.7 meters, watershed area of 999 square kilometers.

Wulaga River: south bank tributary of the middle reaches of the Heilongjiang River. Located in the south of Jiayin County. Originated from the east side of the Xiaoxinganling, from southwest to northeastbound, flowing through the whole territory of Wulaga Township and Baoxing Township, near the village of Baoxing into the Heilongjiang River. Total length of 75 kilometers, the river width of 30 meters, water depth of 0.9 meters, watershed area of 1201 square kilometers.

Jiayin River: once known as "Zai River", "Jiajin River", "Chayi River". The south bank of the middle reaches of the Heilongjiang River tributary. Located in the north of Heilongjiang Province. Originated from the east side of the Xiaoxinganling, flowing through the northern part of Hegang City and Jiayin, Luobei County junction, in Jiayin Hekou Village into the Heilongjiang River. The total length of 129 kilometers, the river width of 60 meters, water depth of 1.2 meters, watershed area of 2099 square kilometers.

Duck Egg River: south bank tributary of the middle reaches of the Heilongjiang River. Located in the middle of lubei county. Originated in the four sides of the mountain ZuoWuShan east side, south flow in the ground in the mountain folded and east into the Heilongjiang river. Total length of 95 kilometers, the river width of 5-10 meters, water depth of 1-5 meters, with a watershed area of 606 square kilometers.

Lotus River: south bank tributary of the middle reaches of the Heilongjiang River. Located in the western part of Tongjiang City. Originated in the northeastern part of Fujin City, Fumin Township, the eastern marshes, from southwest to northeast flow through the Qinglong Mountain, and then turned northward, through the Tongjiang City, Jiejin mouth into the Heilongjiang River. In the past, the river was named for the clear water growing lotus flowers. Larger tributaries include the Qinglong River and the Lachi River. The total length of 74 kilometers, the river width of 30-50 meters, the depth of 0.7-2.4 meters, the watershed area of 1797 square kilometers.

Qinglong River: a second-class tributary on the south bank of Heilongjiang River. Located in the north of Tongjiang City. Originated in Tongjiang City, Zhao Xiaoshan in the territory of the northeast side of the wetland, the northeast flow through the Qinghe Township of Qinglong Mountain south side, into the Lotus River. The total length of 54 kilometers, water depth of 0.8-4 meters, the river width of 50-100 meters, the watershed area of 473 square kilometers.

Yalu River: a tributary of the south bank of the middle reaches of the Heilongjiang River. Located in the northeast of Heilongjiang Province. Originated in Tongjiang City, the northern foothills of the Twin Mountains, flowing through the middle of Tongjiang City and northwestern Fuyuan County, the middle and lower reaches of the two cities and counties border river, a total length of 194 kilometers, the river width of 15 meters, the depth of 2.2 meters, with a watershed area of 1,476 square kilometers.

Nongjiang River: south bank tributary of the middle reaches of the Heilongjiang River. Located in the northeast of Heilongjiang Province. It originates in the south of Tongjiang City in the south of Qinglong Mountain in the heavy wet swamp area, and flows through the southeast of Tongjiang City and the northwest of Fuyuan County. Through the Dilijia Lake, in the town of Fuyuan west into the Heilongjiang River. The total length of 116 kilometers, the river width of 38 meters, the depth of 1.9 meters, the watershed area of 4747 square kilometers.

Songhua River: the main stream is located in the middle and east of Heilongjiang Province, crossing the border of Heilongjiang Province. Songhua River has two sources north and south, the northern source of the Nenjiang River originated in the Daxinganling; the southern source of the source of the two White River, the source of the Baitoushan Tianchi, the two rivers below the mouth of the two rivers called the two rivers, and the head of the river after the confluence of the so-called "second Songhua River", the north flow through the Jilin Province Baidian, Jilin, Songyuan and other counties (cities) in the Three Forks of the mouth of the river confluence of the Nenjiang River, the east flow said "The main stream of Songhua River. By Zhaoyuan, Shuangcheng, Zhaodong, Harbin, Hulan, Acheng, Binxian, Bayan, Mulan, Founder, Tonghe, Yilan, Tangyuan, Jiamusi, Bachuan, Fujin, Suibin, Tongjiang and other cities and counties, in the mouth of the Sanjiang River into the Heilongjiang. The total length of 1840 kilometers, of which 939 kilometers of the main stream. The main tributaries are Lalin River, Hulan River, Ash River, Ma River, Mudanjiang River, Umken River, Tangwang River, Wutong River and so on. The total area of the basin is 546,000 square kilometers, of which 269,000 square kilometers are in Heilongjiang Province.

Usuri River: there are two sources, the east source of the Wula River originated in Russia on the west side of the Xihot Mountain, the west source of the Songacha River originated in Xingkai Lake. After the convergence of the two sources, from south to north through the Hulin, Raohe, Fuyuan counties (cities), to Boli into the Heilongjiang River. The length of the river is 890 kilometers, of which 492 kilometers from below the mouth of the Songacha River to the mouth of the Heilongjiang River is the Sino-Russian Boundary River. The total area of the river basin is 187,000 square kilometers, of which 61,500 square kilometers are in Heilongjiang Province.

Hutong River: right bank tributary of the upper Heilongjiang River. Located in the east of Huma County. Originating in the south-central part of Huma County, it travels from southwest to northeast and injects into the Heilongjiang River near Hutong Town. The total length of 68 kilometers, the river width of 5-8 meters, the depth of 0.8 meters, the watershed area of 401 square kilometers.

The main tributaries on the north bank of the Russian territory are the Eurydoyi River, the Jieya River, the Bizhan River, the Bila River, the Bulea River and so on.

The Jieya River, the largest tributary on the left side of the Heilongjiang River (in Russia), originates from the south slope of the Stanov Mountains and empties into the Heilongjiang River at Blagoveshchensk (Hailanbao), 1,936 kilometers from the mouth of the Heilongjiang River. The Joya River is 1,242 km long, with a basin area of 233,000 square kilometers. The entire basin is within the Amur Region of Russia. The Goya River system is a fan-shaped system in which the waters converge and are prone to large floods. The largest tributaries of the Goya are the Jiliuy River (right bank), the Urkan River (right bank), and the Sheremja River (left bank), with the Sheremja River being the largest. The average flow rate at the mouth of the Jieya River is 1,800 cubic meters per second, and the total runoff is 56,760,000,000 cubic meters, which is the second largest among the major tributaries of the Heilongjiang River after the Songhua River, and 6,300,000,000 cubic meters more than that from the upper reaches of the Heilongjiang River (with an average flow rate of 1,600 cubic meters per second for many years).

The Bureya River, known in ancient China as the "Nioman River" (Niu Man River), is a tributary of the Heilongjiang River in the southern part of Russia's Far East. It is the second largest tributary on the left bank of the Heilongjiang River in the southern part of the Russian Far East. From the origin of the Ezop Mountain and the Dushey Arin Mountain of the left and right Bureya River confluence and become, zigzagging to the southwest flow. The lower reaches of the river flow through the Jieya-Bureya plain. It is 623 kilometers long, with a watershed area of 70,700 square kilometers. The main tributaries are the Telma River. The average annual flow at the estuary is 940 cubic meters per second, with an annual runoff of 30 billion cubic meters. The river is navigable for 197 kilometers above the mouth. Timber can be flowed. The freezing period is 5-6 months. In the early 1980s the Bureya hydroelectric power station was built upstream.

The Umir River, which originates in the foothills of the central Yabajar mountain range in the rest of the Trans-Hinggan Mountains, flows out of the mountains and not far from the left bank into another tributary also originating from the mountains, called the Senchuga River. The right bank then joins the Demkukan River. The Umir River flows further downstream and joins the Baranchok River on the right bank, with the Russian Baranchoklin Headquarters at the mouth of the river and the Diktanga Forestry Station further down, and then joins the Kukan River on the left bank. The Kukan River originates from the Kukansky Mountains, and the lower reaches of the river are the Liufuga Forestry District. On the opposite bank of the estuary where the Kukan River empties into the Umir River is the small village of Kukan. There is Kukan village downstream, the Umir River turned two nearly right-angle bends, from the south to the east, and then turn south to change the east flow to the direction of the Heilongjiang River. At the final turn to flow east northeast of Smidovich, the right bank is injected into the Dayan River. In the south of Ulrika Pavlovka, the Kuru River joins the Umir River. After the confluence, it becomes the Tungus River, which flows eastward into the left bank of the Heilongjiang River.

The Anui River, known as the Dundun River in the Qing Dynasty. The Anui River originates from the middle of the Sikhote Mountain Range and flows north and west into the Heilongjiang River. Anui River is located in the Chukotka Autonomous Region of Magadan State, by the origin of the Anadyr Plateau of the large Anui River and the small Anui River confluence. The total length of the main stream is only 8 kilometers, the length of the Great Anui River is 693 kilometers and the length of the Little Anui River is 738 kilometers. The entire basin area is 107,000 square kilometers, of which 57,200 square kilometers are in the Grand Anui River and 49,800 square kilometers in the Little Anui. The main recharge of the river is snowmelt and rainwater. The tributaries of the Emur River: the Lao Trough River, the Dalin River and the Erlong River.

The tributaries of the Huma River: the Kamalan River, the Yishaxi River, the Ta River, the Chalaban River, the Wolgan River, the Chona River, and the Gulonggan River.

Sun River tributaries: Chenqing River, Woliu River, Maolan River, Zhan River, Wudi River.

Kurbin River tributaries: Erpi River.

Songhua River tributaries: Nenjiang River, Larin River, Yungang River, Majiagou River, Ashe River, Gifiketu River, Yakpan River, Ma River, Great Loremi River, Little Loremi River, Mudan River, Lingdangmai River, Anbang River, Hulan River, Mulanda River, Baiyangmu River, Fork Forest River, Northwest River, Great Gudong River, Little Gudong River, Balan River, Tangwang River, Getsetshe River, Alingdah River, Wutong River, Duru River, and Meandering River. .

Usuri River tributaries: Songacha River, Small Muleng River, Muleng River, Chihulin River, Abuqin River, Dumu River, Flexi River, and Beilahong River. Much of the basin is in the taiga vegetation zone.

Particularly in the peat zone, larch is the dominant species, with some pine, spruce, and fir in drier areas. In the south, in the Greater and Lesser Hinggan Ranges, mixed broadleaf and broadleaf-conifer forests are visible, dominated by Mongolian oak (Quercusmongolica), pine and larch.

The watershed is rich in fish. There are about 100 species of fish in the lower reaches and about 60 species in the upper reaches, even more than in the big European rivers like the Vova and the Danube. About 25 or 30 species are of commercial value. A characteristic feature of the Heilongjiang River is that a large number of fish develop in the sea to avoid damage from the rapid changes in water levels that occur in the river in summer.

The mountains and hills within the Songhua River basin overlap and are covered with primeval forests, and the timber stored in the Daxinganling, Xiaoxinganling, and Changbaishan mountain ranges totals one billion cubic meters, making it the largest forested area in China. Mineral deposits are also very rich, in addition to the main coal, there are gold, copper, iron and so on. The Songhua River basin is fertile, producing soybeans, corn, sorghum and wheat. In addition, flax, cotton, tobacco, apples and sugar beets are also of excellent quality. The Songhua River is also a large freshwater fish farm in northeastern China, supplying more than 40 million kilograms of carp, koji, kugu and zerosu every year.

The winter climate of the Songhua River is bitterly cold, sometimes dropping to minus 30 degrees Celsius, the ice period of up to five months. But it never freezes at the Fengmang hydroelectric power plant, which is said to be due to the high temperature of the water that flows into the river through the power plant. This section of the river with a warm current, constantly rising clouds of steam, condensed on the banks of the willow, pine leaves, forming a cluster, a string of crystal like jade ice flowers, ten miles of long embankment suddenly became a luscious, jade and silver branches of the world. This is the nationally renowned "tree hanging" wonders. Heilongjiang in ancient times is China's inner river, is the birthplace of the Manchurian people. The earliest inhabitants of the Heilongjiang coast is the ancient Asia people, after the pressure of the Tunguska people, only distributed in the lower reaches of the Heilongjiang River, the representative ethnic group is the Nivkh people, they developed a developed sedentary fishing and sea animal culture.

Heilongjiang River in the Han, Wei and Jin Dynasty was known as the weak water, the North and South Dynasties, the upper part of the Heilongjiang River is called the complete water, Songhua River and the two rivers after the confluence of the water is known as the difficult water. Sui and Tang dynasties began to call the lower part of the Heilongjiang River for the black water, complete the water was changed to Wang Jianshui, difficult water was changed to the river. For the first time, the Liao Shi (History of Liao) used the name "Heilongjiang" to refer to this river, as it was black in color and meandered like a swimming dragon, and later became the territory of the Liao Kingdom. During the Jin Dynasty, the Heilongjiang River Basin was incorporated into the territory of the Jin Dynasty and became the inner river of the Jin Dynasty. It was called the Mixed River during the Yuan and Ming dynasties.

Until the Yuan Dynasty it was a Chinese territory under the Lingbei and Liaoyang provinces, where the Chinese Yuan army was stationed, and became an internal river of the Yuan Dynasty. It was a Chinese territory from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty. In China during the Qing Dynasty Heilongjiang basin part of the Heilongjiang General's jurisdiction, the basin part of the Jilin General's jurisdiction: in 1652, the Qing court sent troops to garrison, Ningguta, Shengjing two angbangzhangjing coexist, the Northeast region is divided into two major military garrison area, also for the two administrative regions.

To the Qing Dynasty, Heilongjiang a become the official name for the early Qing prisoners in exile. Feng Jing tasted: "now Ula get exiled, rope tie neck, animal animal. Death is naked and abandoned in the field, the kite full of its meat, the wind and sand to raise its bones ......" Kangxi began to abolish the exile of the Ula, but the Yongzheng five years Li Xu was exiled to this. Yongzheng ten years (1732) in Wula built "look forward to the sacrificial hall". 1683 set up the Heilongjiang general jurisdiction over the Heilongjiang basin. 1662, belonging to the Ningguta general jurisdiction, 1683 division of the Ningguta general jurisdiction (Jilin general jurisdiction) part of the setting of the Heilongjiang general jurisdiction, the general is both the highest local military and political officer, but also the highest local civil affairs officer. Generals were both the highest local military and civil administrators.

Since the signing of the Sino-Russian Treaty of Aigun in 1858, the land north of the river was ceded to Russia, which sent troops across the Heilongjiang River on the pretext of protecting the Middle East Railway, set fire to the city of Aigun, which belonged to the Qing Dynasty at that time, and created the tragedy of Hailanbao, and penetrated about 40 kilometers into the national border of the Qing Dynasty. Soon after the war was over, and the sixty-four tunnels of Jiangdong (located on the north bank of the Heilongjiang River), which had been under the jurisdiction of the Qing government, were taken over by force.In 1907, the southern part of Jiangnan was established as Heilongjiang Province. It is referred to as Hei for short. The Chinese side maintains that the Heilongjiang River has been an internal river of China since the Tang Dynasty of China in the 8th century, and that it only became a Sino-Russian boundary river in the late 19th century after Tsarist Russia forcibly occupied a large part of China's territory to the north of the Heilongjiang River and to the east of the Ussuri River.

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Soviet Union believed that according to the provisions of the boundary treaty between the two sides should be the border on the Chinese side of the Heilongjiang River, and all the islands in the river belonged to the Soviet Union. But the Chinese side insisted on the center line of the main channel as the boundary, the two sides of the river islands belonging to the dispute. 1960s after the gradual deterioration of relations between China and the Soviet Union, finally led to the outbreak of armed conflict between the two armies in the Zhenbao Island, the situation on the border suddenly tense, the war was on the verge of breaking out. It was only after Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in the 1980s and agreed in his Vladivostok speech to use the prevailing norms of international law to determine the border that Sino-Soviet relations eased.

In the 1970s, with the strengthening of reform and opening up in mainland China, Heilongjiang Province signed a large number of trade agreements with Russia and opened up several cities such as Heihe and Suifenhe to border trade with Russia's Blagoveshchensk, Khabarovsk and other cities in the Far East, with international railroads built in Suifenhe and other places to facilitate travel. The use of complementary resource advantages to drive the development of the economy of the Heilongjiang basin region.

In the 1970s, as China's reform and opening up continued to strengthen, Heilongjiang Province and Russia signed a large number of trade agreements, and Heihe City, Tongjiang City and several other cities along the river and Russia's Blagoveshchensk (Hailanbao), Khabarovsk (Buri) and other Far Eastern cities as a border trade city, the use of complementary resource advantages to promote the development of the economy of the Heilongjiang Basin region.

China and Russia set the course of their eastern border in the 1990s and early 2000s. The Chinese side gave up its claim to a large amount of land acquired by Russia since the mid-19th century, as well as the forcibly occupied sixty-four cantons in Jiangdong. It was agreed that the border between the two countries would be demarcated primarily on the basis of the Line of Actual Control (LAC), i.e., the centerline of the main channel of the Heilongjiang and Ussuri Rivers.In 2004, the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation signed the Final Border Agreement, which demarcated the border of the two countries on the basis of the Heilongjiang River as the basic boundary.In 2008, China took over the last disputed territories between the two sides--the last of which are located in the Heilongjiang and Ussuri Rivers. -Heixiazi (Black Blind) Island, located at the confluence of the Heilongjiang and Ussuri Rivers. The direction of the border has been finalized. Chinese territory. The area along the Heilongjiang River was once rich in sand and gold, reaching a boom in the Qing Dynasty and playing an important role in driving the local economy. As the boundary river of China's northern border, the northernmost point of the border between the People's Republic of China*** and the State of China lies on the centerline of the main channel of the Heilongjiang River. It has rich water resources, with about 950 tributaries of various sizes (including seasonal rivers), of which the longest tributary of the Heilongjiang is the Songhua River, which is about 1,657 kilometers long. Along the tributaries, there are about 160 large and small harbor stations in China. There are also numerous islands on the Heilongjiang River, including the famous Daxihe Island and Heixiazi Island, which belong to both China and Russia. Among them, the Daxihe Island has been developed into a trade transit center with more complete facilities. As the soil on both sides of the Heilongjiang River is mostly black soil with a large amount of humus, the water flowing through the Heilongjiang River washes the soil along the shore, so that the black soil sinks into the river and is deposited at the bottom of the river. Therefore, the water of Heilongjiang is often black when viewed from a clear water body. Heilongjiang basin within the distribution of forest resources, China since the 1987 Daxing'anling fire after the Daxing'anling and small Hing'anling area more damage, from Mohe County to the Heihe City rarely see trees more than 20 years old. Russia is extremely rich in forestry resources, generally in the winter when the Heilongjiang River freezes China often imports Russian timber for processing. Along the river basin also produces gold, from Mohe County to the ancient city of Aihui was once called the "Golden Road". Heilongjiang's freezing period is long. Due to the thawing of the riverbanks and precipitation during the rainy season, the flood season is mostly concentrated in spring and summer. The most famous creature close to the Heilongjiang River is the Heilongjiang Leopard that lives in the river valley, with only about 50 left. The number of sturgeon in the Heilongjiang River has declined significantly because fishermen hunt them for caviar. The Heilongjiang is also known for its abundance of Far Eastern sockeye salmon and chum salmon.

The lower Russian section (Amur River) is mostly in the Khabarovsk Territory, which is rich in deposits of coal, iron, manganese, tin, gold, molybdenum and tungsten. More than 50 per cent of the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory is covered with forests, and the reserves of mature and over-mature forests amount to 3.14 billion cubic meters. The forests are home to a wide variety of wildlife, and the long rivers and coastline provide excellent conditions for the development of industry and transportation. Khabarovsk Krai was established on October 20, 1938, with a territorial area of 788,600 square kilometers (not counting the Jewish Autonomous Oblast). The number of administrative units is 17 districts, 6 cities directly under the Krai, 1 city directly under the district, 7 districts within the city, 31 towns, and 179 administrative farms. The center of the Krai is Khabarovsk, founded in 1858. Other municipalities directly under the Krai are: Amursk, founded in 1973; Bishe, founded in 1938; and ****Cyongsong, founded in 1932. The larger cities are Khabarovsk, ****Cyongsin, Amursk, and Nikolaevsk. in 2003 the Khabarovsk Territory **** had a population of 1,466,500 inhabitants. The urban population accounted for about 80% of this total. The Khabarovsk Krai is a member of the Far Eastern Economic Zone. It is the most important industrial region of the Far East. It has industries of machine building, metal processing, ferrous metals, wood processing, paper making, non-ferrous metal mining, fishing and oil processing. Large machine-building enterprises include the ****Chingtung Aviation Production Complex, the Amur Shipyard, the Far Eastern Diesel Engine Plant, the Amur Cable Plant, and others. Most of the economic sectors of the border regions are concentrated in the Khaba city, ****Chingzhen and Vanino regions on both sides of the Great Siberian Railway and along the Amur River. There are many joint processing plants of Jianyan products along the Sea of Okhotsk and the Amur River. The centers of fish products processing industry are Ayan, Okhotsk, Ulak and others. The main industrial sectors are machine building and metal processing, oil processing, fuel, wood processing, light industry, foodstuffs, building materials and so on. The main large-scale enterprises are: Far Eastern Diesel Engine Plant, General Cable Plant, Power Machine Building Plant, Machine Tool Plant, Shipbuilding Plant, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Plant, Oil Refinery and Thermal Power Center. The main industrial products are: diesel generators, ships, power equipment, wires, cables, machine tools, petroleum products, pharmaceuticals, reinforced concrete components, steel and aluminum structural materials. The city is the largest center of machine building in the Far East and a base for military production. The main industrial centers are Khabarovsk, ****Cyongsong, Nikolaevsk, and Amursk.According to statistics of January 1, 1997, there were 1,225 farms in Khabarovsk Krai, with an average landholding size of 23 hectares. The main growing areas are in the south, where wheat, barley, oats, soybeans, potatoes, fodder crops, and fruit trees are grown. There is dairy and meat farming, deer breeding, and fur hunting. The Khabarovsk Territory is served by the Siberian and Amur-Balkan railroads. The Amur, Ussuri, Tunguska and Amgun rivers are navigable. There is also sea transportation in the territory, the main ports are Vamino, Nikolaevsk port, Okhotsk. The capital city of Khabarovsk is the third largest air port in Russia after Moscow and St. Petersburg. Road transportation is well developed.