2. Galileo: a famous Italian physicist; In Galileo's era, the instruments and equipment were very simple and the technology was relatively backward. However, Galileo skillfully used scientific reasoning to give the definition of uniform and variable speed motion, and deduced that S is proportional to t2, which was verified by experiments. Infer and test that no matter how heavy an object is, its free-falling speed is the same; Through the inclined plane experiment, it is concluded that the object will keep a uniform linear motion without external force. Newton later summed it up as the law of inertia. Galileo's scientific reasoning method is one of the greatest achievements in the history of human thought.
3. Newton: British physicist; The founder of dynamics, he summarized and developed the previous discoveries, and obtained Newton's law and the law of universal gravitation, which laid the foundation of classical mechanics based on Newton's law.
4. Kepler: Danish astronomer; Kepler's three laws of planetary motion were discovered, which laid the foundation for the law of universal gravitation.
5. cavendish: British physicist; Using torsion balance device skillfully to measure gravitational constant.
6. Brown: British botanist; Brownian motion was found when pollen suspended in water was observed by microscope.
7. Joule: British physicist; The mechanical equivalent of heat J=4.2 Joule/calorie is determined, which lays a solid foundation for the establishment of the law of conservation of energy transformation. Joule's law is obtained by studying the heat generated when current passes through a conductor.
8. Kelvin: British scientist; A thermodynamic temperature scale with -273℃ as zero degree was established.
9. Coulomb: French scientist; Clever use of "Coulomb torsion balance" to study the interaction between charges, and found "Coulomb's law".
10, Millikan: American scientist; Using the balance of charged oil droplets in vertical electric field, the elementary charge e is obtained.
1 1, ohm: German physicist; On the basis of experimental research, Ohm compared current with water flow, thus introducing the concepts of current intensity, electromotive force and resistance, and determining their relationship.
12, Oster: Danish scientist; It is found through experiments that current can produce magnetic field.
13, Ampere: French scientist; The famous molecular flow hypothesis was put forward.
14, Thomson: British scientist; Study cathode rays, find electrons, and measure the specific charge E/M of electrons. Thomson also put forward the "jujube cake model", which can explain some experimental phenomena at that time.
Lawrence: American scientist; The invention of "cyclotron" made mankind take a step forward in obtaining high-energy particles.
Faraday: British scientist; Discovered electromagnetic induction, personally made the world's first generator, and put forward the concepts of electromagnetic field, magnetic induction line and electric field line.
17 Lengci: German scientist; Summing up the test results, Lenz's law for determining the direction of induced current is published.
Maxwell: British scientist; Based on the previous research on electromagnetic induction, a complete electromagnetic field theory is established.
19, Hertz: German scientist; More than twenty years after Maxwell predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves, the existence of electromagnetic waves was first confirmed by experiments. The measured propagation speed of electromagnetic wave is equal to the speed of light, which proves that light is electromagnetic wave.
20. Huygens: Dutch scientist; In the study of light, the wave theory of light is put forward. Invented the pendulum clock.
2 1, Thomas Young: British physicist; Firstly, the problem of coherent light source is solved skillfully and simply, and the interference phenomenon of light is observed successfully. (Double-hole or Double-slit interference)
22. Roentgen: German physicist; After British physicist Herschel discovered infrared rays and German physicist Ritter discovered ultraviolet rays, it was found that when high-speed electrons hit the pipe wall, the pipe wall could emit X rays.
23. Planck: German physicist; A quantum concept-the energy of electromagnetic radiation (including optical radiation) is discontinuous, and E is proportional to the frequency υ. It also makes great contributions to thermodynamics.
Einstein, a German Jew who later joined the United States, was the greatest scientist in the 20th century. He put forward "photon" theory and photoelectric effect equation, and established special relativity and general relativity. The "mass-energy equation" is put forward.
25. De Broglie: French physicist; It is proposed that all microscopic particles have wave-particle duality; The concept of matter wave puts forward that any moving object has waves corresponding to it.
26. Rutherford: British physicist; Through the scattering phenomenon of α particles, the nuclear structure of atoms is proposed. Firstly, the artificial nuclear reaction was realized and protons were discovered.
27. Bohr: Danish physicist; Planck's quantum theory was applied to the atomic system, and Bohr put forward the atomic theory.
28. chadwick: British physicist; Neutrons were found in the experimental study of artificially transforming the nucleus.
29. Wilson: British physicist; Wilson Cloud Chamber was invented to observe the trajectories of α, β and γ rays.
30. becquerel: French physicist; The natural radiation of uranium was discovered for the first time, and it is complicated to begin to understand the nuclear structure.
3 1, Marie Curie: French (Polish) physicist, pioneer of atomic physics and discoverer of radium.
32. I Aurio Curie: French physicist; Daughter and son-in-law of the old Curie couple; First, it was found that radioisotopes were obtained by artificial nuclear transformation.