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Peacock fish culture

PH value and PH value can be detected by pH test paper. ..

Full version of guppy culture manual

Culture of guppies (anchovies)

Basic information of peacock fish

Alias: rainbow fish, million fish, anchovies

Scientific name: Poecilia

Family and species: Siluridae (viviparous)

Origin: Venezuela, Guyana, West Indies and other places.

Water temperature: 22 ~ 24℃

Hardness: 10-30

Ph value: 7.0-8.5

Food: red nematodes, Daphnia, and dry feed can be used.

Temperament: mild and lively.

butterfly fish

Morphological characteristics of peacock fish

This kind of fish has a slender figure, a flat back and a beautiful tail. There are great differences between male and female fish in size and color. The male fish is thin and thin, with a body length of 4 ~ 5 cm. Dorsal fin is long and sharp, caudal fin is wide and long, accounting for more than half of the total length, and caudal stalk is longer than caudal stalk. According to the shape of its tail fin, it can be divided into early tail, lower sword tail, double sword tail, piano tail, needle tail, round tail, flag tail, fan tail, triangular tail, truncated tail and pointed tail. Its body, dorsal fin and caudal fin are rich in colors, mainly including red, blue, black, yellow, green, tiger skin and variegated colors. Some male fish have small blue-black spots on their tails, like peacock's tail feathers, hence the name. Female fish is stout: the body length can reach about 7 cm, the body color is dim, fleshy and slightly transparent, and the color of dorsal fin and caudal fin is far less than that of male fish.

Peacock fish is the most common and favorite fish in tropical fish. It is small and exquisite, lively and active. The male fish is about 3 cm long, and the tail stalk and tail fin account for about 2/3 of its length. The female fish can reach 6 cm in length, and the tail stalk and tail fin account for more than 1/2 of the whole body. Male fish are rich in colors, including red, orange, green, cyan, blue and purple, and the key colors are light red, light green, light yellow, red, purple and Kong Quelan. There are blue-red spots on the tail fin and abdomen, surrounded by light-colored rings, which are like peacock tail feathers, hence the name. The dorsal fin is short and high, and the caudal fin is wide and long. There are many shapes such as piano tail, round tail, upper sword tail, lower sword tail, fork tail, square tail, torch tail, tooth tail and big tail.

Female fish are much worse than male fish in body color, mostly single silver gray, although there are some patterns on the tail fin, they are not fresh. The female fish has shorter fins than the male fish, but its body length is about twice that of the male fish.

Peacock fish is very prolific. After long-term cross breeding, many varieties of colors have been produced.

kongqueyu

Peacock is an oviparous fish. Strong reproductive ability and early sexual maturity. After feeding for 3-4 months, the young fish can enter the mature stage and reproduce. The time of sexual maturity is closely related to water temperature and feeding conditions.

When guppies breed, they should choose a larger aquarium and keep the water temperature at 26 degrees Celsius. The pH is PH6.8-7.4, and a variety of aquatic plants are needed at the same time, and then fish are prevented from entering according to the ratio of 1 male and female. After the fish is in estrus, the abdomen of the female fish gradually expands and black fetal spots appear; At this time, the male fish is not short of chasing the female fish, and the connector of the male fish is inserted into the reproductive hole of the female fish to discharge sperm for in-vivo fertilization. When the female fish's fetal spots become bigger and darker and her anus protrudes, she can be fished into another aquarium to give birth.

The female fish should be taken out immediately after giving birth to avoid eating the larvae by mistake. Or a funnel-shaped partition wall is surrounded by plastic sheets and squeezed into the water, and the female fish giving birth is put into the funnel, so that the female fish falls into the water outside the funnel from the cavity under the funnel after giving birth, and the female fish can't eat the larvae.

Peacock fish spawn once a month, depending on the size of the female fish, each time it can produce 10-80 larvae, and the annual spawning amount is quite large, so it is called "one million fish". When breeding, it should be noted that fish should not be kept in the same nest for more than three generations, so as to avoid species degradation caused by continuous inbreeding, making the offspring fish smaller and shorter. It is best to introduce the same species of fish for purposeful distant hybridization to prevent subspecies from degenerating and achieve the purpose of improving species. But the life span of guppies is very short, generally only 2-3 years.

The habit of peacock fish

Peacock fish is gentle, can be mixed with other tropical fish, and is usually lively and active. When the female fish is frightened, it is easy to jump.

Water quality requirements of peacock fish

water temperature

The acceptable water temperature range of guppy is 65438 08℃ to 34℃. If it is lower than 18℃, it is likely to cause loss of appetite, mental paralysis, water mold infection and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to decide whether to use the heater according to personal circumstances.

In summer, the room temperature is often higher than 30℃, and the weather is hot, so the owner is usually too lazy to change the water, so the concentration of feed residue, excrement and nitrous acid in the water will rise rapidly, threatening the survival of guppy. Moreover, the high temperature is accompanied by the rapid metabolism of guppies, which leads to a large loss of calcium in the body. So big old fish tend to bend their spine. The greater the curvature, the easier it is to oppress the internal organs and threaten the survival of guppies. The solution to this problem is to lower the temperature. There are many ways to reduce the temperature. The easiest way is to turn on the air conditioner at home, but the disadvantage is to pay more electricity bills. Another method is more economical, but more laborious, and that is "changing water frequently". If you can change the water every day, it can be reduced by several degrees, and the peacock can grow fast and the fish is healthy, which can be described as killing two birds with one stone.

pH value

The most suitable PH value for guppy is between PH 6.5 and PH 7.5. The pH value in water has a great influence on guppy, and the pH value is logarithmic, so the water with PH5 is 10 times that of PH6 and 100 times that of PH7, so it is only a small gap of "1" for human beings. I'm afraid guppy has already.

In addition, it should be noted that if the frequency of water change is low, with the passage of time, due to various factors, the water quality has already turned acidic. At this time, if the water is suddenly changed in large quantities, it will inevitably have a considerable impact on guppy.

difficulty

Guppy likes hard water, and its hardness is about 10 ~ 15 degrees. Nevertheless, the moderator personally thinks that the hardness of water will not have much influence on guppies. Take two countries with a long history of raising peacocks as examples: Germany and Japan, where the water is hard and the water quality in Japan is soft. These two completely different conditions can raise peacocks. This is also one of the reasons why many people often say that guppy is easy to raise.

Nitrite concentration

The concentration of nitrite also has a considerable impact on the survival of guppy. Although peacock adapts to nitrite concentration far more than other fish species (according to the data, the nitrite concentration that peacock fish can tolerate is about 100 times that of colorful fairy), once the nitrite concentration is too high, it will always be a kind of harm to peacock, especially the aquarium is a completely closed water body, and the density of fish we raise is usually too high. Therefore, once ignored, guppy may suddenly die in a short time. As owners, fish friends can't ignore the importance of this problem. There are many reagents for detecting nitrite concentration in the market, which can easily measure the approximate value.

To solve the problem of high nitrite concentration, the fastest way is to replace it with chlorine-removed fresh water immediately. However, if the concentration of nitrite is too high for a long time, it is necessary to consider whether the filtration effect is too poor or the feeding density of fish is too high.

Peacock fish feed and feeding method

Peacock feed

artificial feed

At present, there are quite a few kinds of artificial feed on the market, which can be roughly divided into three types: one is flaky feed; Second, pellet feed; Third, frozen feed. These feeds are the easiest to obtain and feed. In addition, there is a feed specially developed for guppy, which should be the choice of most guppy owners as a staple food, with quite complete nutrients.

Live bait

The use of live bait has always been a sham, because the nutritional value of live bait is far better than that of artificially treated feed, but it is also accompanied by safety problems. As a host, you must not be careless, otherwise the sequelae will make you feel that it is better to feed directly!

The safest live bait at present should be shrimp (nauplii)! It doesn't take too long to prepare, and it doesn't need too many formalities. However, it should be fed as soon as possible after hatching, because the most nutritious thing for nauplii is that when they hatch with yolk sac, if the time is too long, the yolk will be absorbed by nauplii, so the nutritional value will be slightly discounted. If netizens have the habit of incubating prawns to feed peacocks, if there are many hatched prawns, they can be frozen and used for feeding next time, as long as they are thawed.

There is also a kind of water flea, which can reproduce with green water. It should be noted that water fleas just collected from the wild should not be directly fed to fish, because water fleas are the intermediate hosts of camel nematodes, and once they are parasitized by camel nematodes, it cannot be solved in a few words! Moreover, the Daphnia collected in the wild may have a high bacterial content in the wild water. If it rashly enters the fish tank, it may infect the little baby in the greenhouse-guppies. Also, pay attention to what kind of Daphnia you get. If it belongs to cyclops, it is not suitable because of its hard shell.

In addition, the longest-lived bait used in some aquariums is earthworm, which has very high nutritional value. If you put some in a fish tank, it can live for a long time, so that your peacock can eat it all the time, so the peacock fish will grow quite fast, and it can also be used as drug bait. The medicine will be fed to earthworms first, and then to guppies, and the effect is quite good. In this way, earthworm should be the most perfect feed, but because the source of earthworm is collected from the wild, although some aquariums will disinfect it first, no one can guarantee that earthworm will not carry parasitic eggs, so users have to pay attention.

Feeding method of peacock fish

Since the birth of the little guppy, friends who love fish must be busy preparing all kinds of delicious food. Little guppy can swim and eat soon after birth. If it is found that the mother peacock is about to give birth, it can begin to prepare for hatching the bumper shrimp. Soon after the fish is born, there will be a rich first meal, but remember to pay attention to the amount of food. If you can't finish feeding too much, it will pollute the water quality and cause the opposite result. If you don't have shrimp eggs on hand, or have no hatching experience, you can also take the flaky feed of adult fish and grind the flaky feed into crumbs for small fish to eat. It should be noted that the amount of bait should not be too much, so as not to pollute the water quality because small fish can't finish eating. Another kind is to use boiled egg yolk, wrap it in a net, and shake it slightly in the water, not too much. Because it is too nutritious, the pollution of residual bait will be even more terrible. If necessary, be prepared to change the water immediately after feeding.

Usually, you can try to feed the peacock with high-protein food before the gender separation, but after the male and female fish can be raised separately, it is best not to let the male fish eat too much high-protein food, so as to avoid the waist of the male fish becoming too thick, and the female fish need not worry. You can try to feed the female fish to make it more round, but if the feeding amount increases, you should adjust the frequency of changing water relatively to avoid the rapid deterioration of water quality, causing diseases and hurting guppies. Usually, mature guppy will be happy to eat all kinds of feed, but it is best not to use the same feed often, and you can change some tastes occasionally, mainly to prevent problems caused by unbalanced nutrition.

Feeding equipment for peacock fish

Glass fish tank

There is no doubt that it is necessary to raise any kind of fish. Generally speaking, almost all players who usually cultivate guppies have quite a lot of tanks except aquariums with special size designed mainly for aquatic plants. Common ones are about one foot, one foot two, one foot three, one foot and a half, and two feet. Other pet boxes that we often use are also good tools for temporary emergency.

If you are interested in keeping peacocks for a long time and fall into the trap of peacock breeding, you'd better make a good plan when you set up the tank, and leave room for future expansion in advance. Don't have fish tanks everywhere, which will only increase management troubles.

filter system

The filtration system is more important in the artificial culture environment, because the fish tank is a very closed environment, and the fish excrement has accumulated in the water. If there is no way to eliminate these wastes, peacocks will certainly not be beautiful for a long time, and even reduce their resistance to diseases. Imagine how many people can stand it for a long time if human beings live in a place full of garbage and can't handle it, not to mention the peacock fish, which is more fragile than human beings.

Because most players of guppies raise different strains of peacock independently in many fish tanks, if each fish tank is equipped with a complete filtration system, I'm afraid not everyone can afford it. Therefore, the most commonly used filtering method for guppy players is to use sponge pneumatic filter, which is also the main filter we discuss. The advantages of sponge filter are convenient installation and light economic burden. And don't worry that the small fish laid by the mother peacock will be sucked in by the filter. The disadvantage is that sponges are more susceptible to blockage, so users had better clean them regularly, because some pathogenic factors will always remain in the filter cotton. If left untreated for a long time, I'm afraid diseases will often occur.

There is also a commonly used submerged filter, which absorbs water with a motor and then filters impurities in the water with a filter cotton. The effect is quite good, and there are quite a few kinds of products on the market. It can be said that it is very convenient to clean filter cotton regularly, but the cost is too high. If you have a large number of fish tanks on hand, I'm afraid you have to use one for each tank, which will cost a lot of money. Other filters, such as upward filter, cylinder filter and even trickle filter, can be used in peacock fish tank as long as the filtering effect is good, but the most important thing is to suit the size of your fish tank and the feeding budget.

lamps and lanterns

Some people think that light is necessary for the growth of peacocks, while others don't think so. The host thinks that it is not necessary to use special aquarium lights, but at least there should be light to create a feeling of day and night. According to the moderator's experience, guppies in the dark are less likely to accept bait. The color of guppy will also be dim, which will increase the speed of grabbing food and reduce the chance of excessive pollution of water quality by residual bait when there is light; The color of guppies will also be brighter. Moreover, in the case of sufficient light, it is more convenient to observe whether the peacock is sick and when to prepare to send small fish and other daily routine work.

For some peacock fish players, the number of fish tanks managed at ordinary times is huge, so it is impossible to install lamps in every fish tank. In the long run, the electricity bill is also a big expense, so most of them don't pay much attention to lighting, enough to complete some daily work, and friends who just started to raise peacocks don't have to spend too much money on lamps.

temperature control system

The temperature range that guppy can tolerate is quite wide, about 18 degrees to 30 degrees, so there is no need for a temperature control system. However, if it is really hot in summer, it is best to keep the place where guppy is raised well ventilated, otherwise the temperature is too high, which will easily lead to the metabolism of guppy too fast. For mature peacocks, the acceleration of metabolism will easily lead to the accelerated loss of calcium in the body. If there is postpartum disorder, that is to say, the spine may bend, so it is best not to let the temperature be higher than 30 degrees. As for winter, the growth rate of peacock is slowed down because of the drop of water temperature, but the growth rate of peacock fish can be controlled, and its life will not be exhausted prematurely because of long-term heating.

Keeping guppies at a constant temperature has some sequelae, such as being very sensitive to changes in water temperature. As long as there is power failure or heater failure, it will cause no small problem.

Bottom sand

The bottom sand commonly used to raise peacocks should be regarded as the silica sand commonly used in aquatic plant tanks. In fact, guppies are very adaptable, and usually there is no problem as long as neutral bottom sand is used. Some people like to raise peacocks with coral sand, because coral sand can make the water quality hard and alkaline, and create an environment that peacocks like, but we should also be careful not to let the PH value be too high, otherwise it will be counterproductive; If you want to grow some aquatic plants together, you must consider whether you can accept this water quality. As far as the moderators are concerned, they keep guppies in bare tanks just to breed peacocks. It is convenient to change water and remove deposited feces without laying bottom sand. However, it is more suitable for friends who have a little experience in fish farming, so it is better to change water to take care of them, otherwise the peacock will not live happily.

Dress system of peacock fish

full dress

The so-called dress is to dye the waist with a blue to dark black luster, but the color of this waist will be influenced by genes such as platinum, semi-blue and pink. In addition, it is one of the few sex-linked genes that can be expressed by both male and female fish. Dress genes usually use plain tails, but in Southeast Asia, there are dress mosaics.

In terms of maintenance, male fish used to cross with female fish with blue grass tail. At present, according to the results of many years' feeding experience of Mr. Yang, the overlord of the aquarium, he encourages us to use the male fish in dresses and the female fish in pink dresses for maintenance. The female fish with pink dress can darken the waist of the yellow-tailed dress and improve the defect that the waist color of the platinum yellow-tailed dress is too light (for example, it takes at least three generations, usually five generations, and it is easy to produce uneven tail color).

All kinds of clothes.

Common dresses on the market are 1. German yellow tail dress II. Red tail dress 3. Black tail dress 4. Blue tail dress 5. Neon dress 6. Mosaic dress. Generally speaking, they are all caused by different body color genes. We can regard sex color genes as the basic structure of houses, while body color genes are pigments. So all kinds of dresses mentioned above are the same, from blue to black waist with plain tail fin. However, it is different from blue, black and red due to the influence of somatic chromosomes. Just like the same house painted with different paints. Bottom right: all kinds of dresses.

For example, the red-tailed dress in Germany is made of the dress gene house and the red-tailed gene paint; Japanese red-tailed dress-Figure 7 is drawn by the dress gene house of red gene and platinum gene, so the performance is different, while Figure 8 is a Japanese red-tailed dress drawn by the dress gene house of red-tailed gene and platinum gene. Therefore, it has a different style from Figure 7.

In terms of gene, only the male fish was selected and the female fish was abandoned, in order to keep the Y gene of the first generation male fish in tuxedo, and continue to use the X gene of the original female fish in tuxedo to dilute the X gene of the alien bluegrass tail. All heterogeneous maintenance methods of guppy follow this theory. Furthermore, the only difference between German yellow-tailed dress and Martell yellow-tailed dress is that Martell yellow-tailed dress has a set of recessive somatic chromosome genes-Martell gene paint. You can imagine that it is the result of a layer of white paint on the house in the shape of a yellow-tailed dress.

Grass tail system of peacock fish

Cao Wei

Grass tail is one of the popular varieties, especially the beautiful Cao Wei banana, which is the favorite of breeders. After years of improvement, we can finally overcome the problem of basal macula and keep the diamond spots that many players can't open their eyes.

The body color can be dark blue or light blue, and it can also be combined with restrictive genes such as platinum coral or Japanese blue to make platinum grass tail, Japanese blue grass tail, coral grass tail and so on. However, because all the above platinum-rich genes have factors that make the tail lines fade or even disappear, few outstanding individuals have made them in the market and in the competition venue. Having said that, the general drama still prefers the pure blue grass tail!

Many beginners often think that red grass tail and blue grass tail are different strains, but they are actually the same; It's just that a pair of genes "Bb" that control body color are changing! Just like Japanese blue-tailed dresses and red-tailed dresses.

When this pair of genes present bb, they present the state of red grass, blue tail when Bb, and dark blue tail when BB. Generally speaking, the female fish can't distinguish between the red grass-tailed female fish and the blue grass-tailed female fish, and can only be inferred according to the color distribution of their offspring. Usually, if the blue-tailed grass is used as the species male, when the dark blue-tailed grass tail appears in the offspring, it is born by the blue-tailed female fish. This is a simple chessboard rule. Please refer to the general introduction of DNA region.

Blue glass breast gossip grass tail

Diamond-shaped deep blue and radial spray points are not as gorgeous as a dress. It is not as heroic as a mosaic, but it has a slender and cherished beauty, like the ancient beauty Zhao, light and charming.

Once upon a time, in the newly introduced era, her beauty always depends on the size of the tail and the fineness of the spray point, and the most important thing is the color penetration of her macula. Although the yellow category can be said to be its natural expression, many people still think that the less yellow, the better. Later, someone introduced the silver diamond peacock from Southeast Asia, which is actually a variant of blue and white gold. After mating with the female fish with blue grass tail, it was found that the blue and white coat color could be used to cover the spots, so the yellow shift of the peacock with blue grass tail gradually decreased. However, the diamond-shaped spots of the blue grass tail will be covered by the silver coat color of the silver grass tail, which also reduces some aesthetic feeling. However, after the female fish is paired with the blue grass tail, some individuals with diamond spots and no yellow can be obtained. For many generations, most of the blue grass tails have no yellow spots.

Generally speaking, in the maintenance of grass tail, the maintenance of special-shaped lines is rarely seen. Generally speaking, the male fish of snake king and metal and the female fish of grass tail are used as derivative species of metal snake tail. The use of alien female fish for maintenance is also limited to strains such as snake king and lace snake king. Therefore, the choice of grass tail is mainly female fish, while male fish have different choices because of personal preference. I don't need to go into details here, because the beauty of the grass tail can be seen at a glance, and there is no selection skill. If there are any, it is only necessary to pay attention to the fact that the individuals with finer line distribution in the three-month-old fish are better than those with evenly distributed bait.

The first choice for female fish is not the blue grass tail. As far as fishing experience is concerned, the offspring of blue grass female fish are better than red grass female fish. Although it is difficult to separate the red grass female fish, the simplest method is that the blue grass tail fish is more likely to be blue grass tail fish. The system made by this female fish will be better.

Players can use some male fish with limited heredity to mate with female grass tail, make various derivative species, then mate with the original female fish and introduce different genes, which is believed to better maintain their grass tail. Personally, it is best for platinum or silver to mate with the male fish of metal series. For example, you can kill the female of the original grass tail fish with metal or medusa.

However, it should be noted that the genes of the Milky Way are more complicated, and there will be lace or snake king genes transferred to female fish. Therefore, when taking children to replace female fish, you can't pick fish with colored tails at the upper and lower ends and transparent tails in the middle, nor can you pick fish with completely transparent tails. It is better to have a whole work. After its waist is four months old, you can hardly see whether it has snake patterns.

How to raise peacock fish well

Is the peacock fish easy to feed? The answer is: no, it is not easy to raise peacocks. However, due to its strong adaptability to water PH and low temperature tolerance, peacocks can still grow and reproduce normally in the hydrological environment with a pH of 6.3-7.8 and a water temperature of about 18 degrees Celsius, and can still survive when the water temperature is as low as 13 degrees Celsius. So it gives people the illusion that it is better to raise (at least better than colorful). But in fact, the domesticated guppy is very delicate. Its ability to resist diseases and rapid changes in water quality is extremely low.

So how should peacocks be raised? First of all, let's look at the water quality: peacocks are viviparous fish. It is found in small lakes and slow-flowing waters along the coast of South America and coastal islands, and its living environment is similar to that of other oviparous fish such as Mary. It is suitable for the hydrological environment with weak alkaline water quality, that is, the PH value is between 7-7.3 and the DH value is around 8-9. However, due to the adaptability of peacocks, it is not necessary to consider this problem when polyculture or want to raise aquatic plants. But if you want to cultivate good varieties, you'd better raise them separately. The guppies reacted violently to drugs and chlorine. Residual chlorine in water is the chief culprit of sudden death of guppy. Therefore, the water for raising guppy should be fully dried.

Pay attention to keeping guppy. Because the strains and varieties of guppies are complex, the mixing of male and female guppies of different strains is easy to cause reproductive confusion. Therefore, when raising guppies, we should separate different kinds of guppies according to the requirements of reproduction, in order to get virtuous offspring. There are two specific methods: one is the mixed culture of the same variety. In other words, many male and female guppies of the same species are kept together in an aquarium. Let them mate freely and reproduce. It should be noted that different varieties should not be put together to avoid future generations being impure (unless you want to create a new variety, of course). Two, male and female heterogeneous breeding refers to the different kinds of male fish on one side and female fish on the other side, and choose the appropriate male and female fish for breeding. So as to avoid the damage to the parent fish caused by over-pairing, and maintain the purity of the offspring strain.

Bait: It can be seen from the upward mouth of guppies that they are pelagic fish that eat floating bait. They have a variety of diets and can feed all the fish bait. Water lice, silkworms, shrimps, blood worms, breadworms, vegetables, hamburgers (even newborn guppies) and so on can all be kept, as long as they are disinfected and do not pollute the water body.