Seedling preparation
I. Selection and disinfection of chicken coops
Chicken house construction. The henhouse should be built on the sunny flat in the center of the stocking area. Building materials can be adapted to local conditions, such as wood, bamboo, plastic, linoleum, canvas, straw curtains and so on. Build a simple chicken coop facing south, preferably in the shape of a pyramid or shed, with the door facing south. The edge of the henhouse is1.5-2m high, and the roof is 2-2.5m high. The ground is leveled, compacted and paved. The henhouse requires heat preservation, windproof, no rain leakage and no water accumulation. The henhouse can accommodate about 8- 10 chickens per square meter. At the same time, a playground is set up outside the henhouse, which is more than twice the area of the henhouse. It is required to plant trees, build a rest shed, and prevent sun and rain; Install sinks and drinking fountains.
Remove all foreign objects in the henhouse, including chicken manure, padding, water tank, trough, brooding net, etc. Clean the floor and walls, replace the cushion soil, then close the doors and windows, fumigate and disinfect, mix 30 ml formalin and 15 g potassium permanganate per square meter, seal for 24 hours and then turn on the ventilation.
Second, the choice of feeding methods
All-in and all-out feeding method. Planar free-range, filling in the middle 1 time. According to the housing area, determine the amount of breeding, all in and all out (or sold out in a short time), and the sales are mainly wholesale. After sale, the empty pens shall be disinfected for 1 week before the next batch of feeding.
Feed separately and in stages. Use two or more independent sheds, 1 for brooding and 1 for growth. After the transfer, the empty pens are disinfected for about 1 week, and then they enter the chicks for brooding. 1 batch breeding, all in and all out (or sold out in a short time), sales are mainly wholesale. After selling out, before the next batch of feeding, disinfect the empty pens for about 1 week.
Retail-oriented separation and staged feeding. Use three or more relatively independent rooms, which are divided into brooding room, early growth room and late growth room, with the area ratio of 1:2:4. After brooding for 25-30 days, transfer to the early growth shed, disinfect the empty fence for more than 1 week after transfer, and then enter the brooding room to brood; After 30 days of early feeding, it was transferred to the later growth house, and the empty column was disinfected about 1 week after transfer, and it was recycled. After 20 days, these chickens will be put on the market for sale, mainly retail. The weight of each chicken feather sold should be above 1 kg, and it will be sold out in about 10 days. After 20 days, the whole chicken that does not reach the sales weight will be discarded in the empty column for disinfection in preparation for transfer. In this way, the batch feeding amount is 20 times of the average daily sales.
Feeding of young animals
The brooding period (0-8 weeks) is the key stage of the whole feeding management. The survival rate, growth speed and physique of chicks directly affect the economic benefits. You must master the following points.
First, the selection of chicks currently includes Xuefeng Black-bone Chicken, Jiangshan White Black-bone Chicken, Sichuan Mountain Black-bone Chicken, Taihe Black-bone Chicken and Jinyang Black-bone Chicken. Suitable varieties can be selected according to local consumption habits.
Healthy chicks are uniform in size, shiny in fluff, big in eyes, well absorbed in yolk, flat in navel ring, free from bloodshot, lively and active, loud in cry, elastic in hands, strong in struggle, clean and free from fecal adhesion.
Second, the temperature and humidity of brooding.
Black-bone chicken is small and needs high temperature. 1-4 days old should be at 36-37℃, 5-8 days old should be at 34-35℃, and then the temperature should be reduced by 2℃ every week, and it should be kept at 23-25℃ after 5 weeks. While keeping the room temperature, pay attention to ventilation, keep the indoor air fresh, and avoid the occurrence of respiratory diseases.
The relative humidity in the brooding room is about 65% at 1 week, and then it is about 55%, so it is appropriate for people to feel damp and hot instead of dry. If the humidity is low, spray water with a sprayer; When the humidity is high, ventilation and temperature rise should be strengthened.
Third, drink water and cut materials in time.
Chickens should rest 1-2 hours after entering the house, and drink warm water in time, and the temperature is about 20℃. Add 50g of glucose and 1 g of rehydration salt to 1 liter of water, and then drink 0.0 1% potassium permanganate water 1 time. After drinking enough water, you can start eating, 6-7 times a day. Use half-cooked broken rice before using chicken feed. The feeding amount should be finished in about 20 minutes. After 2-4 weeks of age, it was changed to a feeding trough, and feeding was based on the principle of less feeding and more feeding until it was 80% full. Feed 1 week 6 ~ 7 times a day, and feed 5 ~ 6 times a day after 1 week, and the feeding times gradually decrease with the shortening of light time. You can make your own chicken feed, and the formula is: corn 55%, sorghum 5%, wheat bran 4%, barley 5%, fish meal 9%, soybean meal 16%, Sophora japonica leaf powder 3%, bone meal 2.5%, salt 0.37%, multivitamins 0.05% and methionine 0.08%.
Fourth, the feeding density and illumination are reasonable.
The density is too high, and the young black-bone chicken has uneven drinking water and irregular development. 1- 14 is 50 per square meter, 15-20 is 30 per square meter, and 2 1-24 is about 20 per square meter. Observe the drinking and feeding situation of chicks at any time, and adjust the density and size of drinking fountains and trays in time.
It is advisable to light for 20-24 hours a day within 7 days, and reduce the light for 2 hours a week after 7 days until the light time is 13 hours. The light intensity is 4 watts per square meter. 15 days later, it will be changed to 1-2 watts per square meter.
Five, timely beak, prevent pecking addiction, reduce feed waste.
At the age of 7- 10, half the length from the tip of the beak to the nostril was removed with a beak cutter, and one third of the lower beak was removed. At the age of 20 days, the beak may be incomplete. At the same time, adding VK3 to drinking water and electrolysis can reduce bleeding and pressure.
Six, regular disinfection every
Disinfect chickens with 1 times for 3 days, spray with 1:2000 times diluted white poison sand solution, and use two disinfectants with different components alternately, the effect will be better.
Zhongji management
Black-bone chicken can be divided into two kinds: medium chicken and meat chicken. Among them, the breeder refers to the growth stage from de-temperature feeding to opening the stall, that is, the 9-25 week-old stage; Medium-sized chicken for meat refers to the chicken that is thawed and raised to the market stage. Generally, it is required to be 60- 150 days old and weigh 0.8- 1.2 kg, which can be sold in pharmaceutical factories and foreign trade. It is required to supply full-price diet, increase feed intake, improve slaughter rate and commodity rate. Broilers are generally raised flat. Those that are not reserved for planting can be converted into commercial chickens. Feed a diet with high energy and high crude protein level, and eat freely, so as to make it full of muscles and store some fat in the body at the age of 100- 150. Laying hens are mainly raised by fencing or grazing.
First, grouping
After brooding, the growth rate of chickens is obviously accelerated, and the feeding managers should always group the chickens according to their strength, size and sex. It is best to group in the evening or morning, and add multivitamins to drinking water to prevent stress. At this time, the density is controlled at 8- 10 /m2. Those reserved for laying eggs or breeding will be transferred to the henhouse at the age of 120. If you don't change groups until the beginning of production, it is easy to produce * * *, which will affect the egg production rate. Group transfer should be carried out at night, and try to keep quiet.
Second, feed supply.
When chicks enter the growth period, the diet will be changed from the original chicken feed to the medium chicken feed and the big chicken feed. In order to reduce the pressure caused by changing feed, we must pay attention to the transition of feed and don't change it suddenly. The transition period is usually 3-5 days, and the specific methods are as follows: the first day 1 day, the diet consists of pre-transition feed and post-transition feed; The second day is composed of pre-transition materials and post-transition materials; The third grade consists of pre-transition materials and post-transition materials; On the fourth day, it was completely changed to transitional material. Feed the big chicken feed 20 days before slaughter, stop taking medicine and put an end to drug residue.
Breeding chickens provide a full-price diet and can be fed with powder or pellet feed. When feeding, the feeding amount should be limited to about 2/3 of the capacity of the feeding trough, so as to avoid the waste of chickens being picked out. It is advisable to feed 3-4 meals a day, and you can add 1 meal in winter evening. Moderate illumination, daily illumination 14- 16 hours, illumination intensity 15 square meters, 40 watts. It is best to turn on the light at 5 am and turn off the light after sunrise. Turn on the light at night, 10 turn off the light. The temperature of the house should be kept at 13-25℃ and the house should be quiet. Sand basin or sand pool should be set up in the sports ground, so that chickens can eat sand and bathe freely, which can not only prevent skin diseases, but also enhance digestive function. When picking eggs, before the chickens are transferred to the henhouse, the laying boxes should be placed in the breeder's henhouse. Black-bone chickens are timid and should not use collective egg boxes. Laying boxes with small spacing should be used, and the laying boxes should be evenly placed in dark, well-ventilated and quiet places.
Third, do a good job in winter and summer management.
The summer climate is hot, chickens have no sweat glands, are covered with feathers, and have poor heat resistance, which is easy to cause strong heat stress to chickens, making broilers show reduced food intake, slow weight gain and high mortality. Therefore, summer management is important for heatstroke prevention and cooling. The design and construction of chicken coops should take this problem into account, so that the chicken coops should be oriented reasonably and spaced at a large distance, so as to reduce the radiation of the sun in summer and have good ventilation. Planting leafy trees or vines around the henhouse can help the henhouse shade and reduce heat radiation. In chicken coops with poor thermal insulation, the roof can be painted white to reduce heat absorption, or water can be sprayed to promote heat dissipation to reduce the shed temperature. Adjust the diet structure and feeding methods to supply enough drinking water. During the fattening period, if the temperature exceeds 27℃, the feed intake will decrease obviously. On the basis of the original nutritional level of the diet, protein content can be increased by 1%-2%, and multivitamins can be increased by 30%-50%, thus ensuring the freshness of the diet. In order to reduce heat stress, anti-stress drugs can be properly added to feed. For example, 0. 1-0.2g bacitracin powder is added to each kilogram of diet; When the room temperature is higher than 26℃, add a proper amount of vitamin C to the drinking water.
Or 0.3% baking soda, or 0.5% ammonium chloride, or 0. 1% potassium chloride, etc.
The key to winter management is to prevent cold and keep warm, properly ventilate, and reduce humidity and harmful gas content. Cover the roof with straw or plastic film in cold weather, seal the windows with plastic film, adjust the vents, and provide artificial cooling when the temperature is low. Change and add padding frequently to ensure dryness. Because it is necessary to increase the maintenance of chickens in winter, it is necessary to appropriately improve the energy level of the diet. When feeding in batches, the fasting time in cold nights should be shortened as much as possible, and the flue should be overhauled frequently to prevent gas fire.
sanitary equipment
Pay attention to ventilation and change the padding frequently.
Reasonable ventilation can promote the development of cardiopulmonary system. Change the padding frequently to ensure the cleanliness of the chicken house; Generally, change the bedding every 10 day, and replace the bedding wet by water immediately.
Do a good job in environmental sanitation, and always do a good job in the sanitation and epidemic prevention of chicken houses and surrounding venues. Insist on disinfecting chicken coops and surrounding activity places with disinfectant every week.
Pay attention to biological safety, check whether there is a mouse hole in the henhouse and block it in time. Take effective measures to prevent cats and dogs from killing mice, prevent cats, dogs, mice and birds from hurting chickens, and reduce the spread of diseases.