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clinical picture

There are many diseases that show oral mucosal ulcer injury, such as:

1. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis

Also known as recurrentoralulcer (ROU), recurrentaphthae or cankersores, burning pain is its prominent feature, which is called "aphthous" (which means "burning pain" in Greek). Its appearance is single or multiple round or oval ulcers of different sizes, and its surface is covered with gray or yellow false film. It has the characteristics of periodicity, recurrence and self-limitation, regardless of age. The onset age is estimated to be between10 ~ 20 years old, with more women. It can occur all the year round and can heal itself in about 10 days.

2. Behcet's syndrome

The symptoms and occurrence regularity of oral mucosal damage are similar to those of recurrent aphthous ulcer. In addition, the disease involves multiple systems and organs, and there are successive symptoms of extraoral lesions. Eye, genital and skin diseases are also its main clinical features, which are recurrent genital ulcer, erythema nodosum, folliculitis and uveitis. In severe cases, joint, small blood vessels, nerves, digestive, respiratory, urinary and other multi-system damages may occur.

3. Traumatic ulcer

It is closely related to mechanical stimulation, chemical burn or hot and cold stimulation, and its location and shape are consistent with mechanical stimulation factors. There was no recurrence history, and the ulcer healed quickly after removal of stimulation. But if left unchecked, it may become cancerous.

4. Cancerous ulcer

The elderly are more common, with irregular shapes, uneven edge uplift, unclear boundary with surrounding tissues, uneven and granular base of ulcer surface, which is obviously different from normal mucosa and has no obvious pain. The course of malignant ulcer is long, and it does not heal or gradually expand for several months or even more than a year. The treatment effect of conventional anti-inflammatory and antiseptic drugs is not obvious. Patients with benign oral ulcer have less systemic symptoms; On the contrary, patients with malignant oral ulcer may have fever, swollen cervical lymph nodes, loss of appetite, emaciation, anemia and fatigue.

5. Herpes simplex

It is common in infants and young children. In the early stage, it is mainly characterized by clusters of small blisters, which will fuse into larger ulcerations or irregular ulcers after bursting. There is a clear relationship between recurrence and inducement. Before recurrence, it is often accompanied by precursor symptoms such as sore throat and fatigue, and during the onset, it is often accompanied by obvious general discomfort.

6. Radiation stomatitis

It is characterized by a history of radiation exposure and the above-mentioned acute and chronic oral damage. Oral mucosa redness and edema appear when the mucosal damage of radiation stomatitis is mild; Erosion, ulcer, covered with white false membrane, easy bleeding, obvious tenderness, dry mouth, bad breath, etc., can be combined with dysfunction such as eating difficulties and systemic symptoms such as dizziness, insomnia, anorexia, alopecia, etc., and in severe cases, it can be accompanied by systemic damage such as bleeding and secondary infection.

7.tuberculous ulcer

Deep, irregular shape, rat-like, dark red mulberry-like granulation tissue hyperplasia, chronic ulcer, mostly accompanied by signs and symptoms of tuberculosis.

8. necrotizing sialometaplasia

It is more common in men, and it usually occurs at the junction of soft palate and hard palate. The ulcer is deep to the bone surface, and the surrounding congestion is obvious. The edge can be raised, and there is granulation tissue at the bottom. The pathological manifestation is small salivary gland necrosis, and the patient's whole body is in good condition.

Principles of treatment

For the treatment of oral ulcer, it is mainly to eliminate the cause, strengthen the physique and treat the symptoms. The treatment methods should adhere to the combination of systemic treatment and local treatment, the combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine, and the combination of physical and psychological treatment. It should be noted that the persistent, large and deep tongue ulcer may be a precancerous lesion, which is very easy to become cancerous. If necessary, biopsy has been made to make a clear diagnosis.