In the previous Flora of China, it was recorded as Qucao, and then it was officially named Qucao after revision, belonging to panicum miliaceum, which belongs to the genus Qucao in Compositae. Its alias is called Qingming cuisine, because its tender stems and leaves can be eaten as wild vegetables before and after the Qingming Festival, and its aliases include Tian Ai, pseudo-rat weed, autumn pseudo-rat weed and so on.

Appearance characteristics: First, it is an annual low herb, with upright stems or obliquely spreading lower parts, and the height is often below 40 cm, with thick white cotton wool on the stems; Second, simple leaves alternate, the leaves are sessile, the leaves are spoon-shaped oblanceolate or obovate spoon-shaped, 5-7 cm long, and there are white cotton hairs on both sides;

Third, there are many heads, which are nearly sessile, and densely form corymbose inflorescences at the top of branches, with yellow or light yellow flowers, and bloom in1-April;

The capsule is cylindrical, about 0.5 cm long, and the fruit is mature in 8- 1 1 month.

Rodent is distributed in all parts of China except Northeast China, usually in low altitude arid places or wet grasslands, and is most common in rice fields.

Second, the main role of the rat's grass

According to my observation and understanding, it mainly has the following three functions:

First, as a part of the natural vegetation in rural areas, come and go with every season is a kind of wild plant, which survives in nature and thrives naturally. It is an important part of herbaceous vegetation in many places.

Second, its tender stems and leaves can be eaten as wild vegetables.

It can be boiled, fried, steamed and made into clear fruit (dough). It tastes sweet, fresh and fragrant, and has a good taste, which is deeply loved by people.

Thirdly, its stems and leaves can be used for medicine, and it is sweet, slightly sour, flat and non-toxic, and has the effects of eliminating phlegm, relieving cough, relieving asthma and expelling wind and dampness; It mainly contains flavonoids, triterpenoids, sterols, anthracenones, caffeic acid derivatives and other effective components. Please follow the doctor's advice when using medicine.

The common name is "Qingming Grass", which is the raw material of Huanghuaba, also known as "Foer Ercao" and "Soft Spartina". The ancients used its stems and leaves as medicine to treat some diseases.

The countryside is a place where the growth of herbs is relatively concentrated, and it may be possible to harvest several Chinese herbal medicines at the same time in the same area. Rodents are scattered all over the panic fields full of weeds, and often compete with wormwood, oxalis and other herbs for nutrients in the same place. Among all kinds of grass, it is not difficult to tell the difference. Once it is cut, the seemingly useless weeds will be developed by people. The old evil will talk about this kind of grass.

Panicum miliaceum of Compositae is called ""because it has the characteristics of "the leaves are like mouse's ears and the bloom is like a curve". If you want to know this plant deeply, it is far from enough to know these two characteristics, but you have to analyze it slowly from top to bottom.

Rodent is an upright stem, the branches from the base are inclined downward, and the height is generally between 20-40 cm, and some of them are higher. The upper part of the plant is unbranched and has longitudinal grooves, and the leaves are sessile, which are spoon-shaped and oblate, or the whole grass is densely covered with gray cotton wool.

Why is the rat grass called "Qingming grass"? I think the reason is that, before and after the Qingming Festival, the vitality of the plant was strong, not only the leaves were thick, but also the yellow flowers increased the recognition of the plant. At that time, it was suitable for picking, and it could be used as zanba or some other ingredients.

It's very common for us in Guangxi to make Ciba with Daqu grass. Every year, in the season of making Ciba, Daqu grass and wormwood are harvested and cut in large quantities. After being cut into mud, green grass juice is taken and steamed together with glutinous rice flour, which tastes delicious and delicious. It can also be made into cold salad or soup after blanching.

If you think that it can only be eaten, it's all wet. It's also a medicinal material, and it's recorded in A Bie Lu of Famous Doctors.

There are many nicknames for rat-weed, but people in different times have different methods because of their different habits! So there are different names in ancient books. It has the functions of resolving phlegm and stopping diarrhea. It is suitable for treating colds and colds, and it can be used for diarrhea, cough and phlegm. Before and after Qingming, it is easy to catch a cold when it is warm, so it is used more at this time, which is also a connection between Qingming and it.

As a common annual herb in South China, Gnaphalocrocis paniculata belongs to the genus Gnaphalocrocis in Compositae. Its scientific name is Gnaphalocrocis paniculata. Because its leaves are very similar to mice's ears, it is also called "Gnaphalocrocis paniculata", and later it spread to "Foetia paniculata".

Rodent can be used as both potherb and medicinal material, and it has been recorded in herbal medicines of past dynasties. It germinated in February of the lunar calendar, with tiny white hairs on its tender leaves, and spikes of flowers and tiny yellow flowers in March of the lunar calendar. It is also called "Qingming dish" because the tender leaves of the rat's grass can be eaten during the Qingming Festival, much like a "noodle dish" in the north. In the past, in the barren years, rat weed could be used to satisfy hunger.

As a medicinal material, GnRH-Qufu was first recorded in Bielu of Famous Doctors. Its sweet taste is flat, and it is often used to relieve cough, asthma, phlegm and dampness. In some places, at the Cold Food Festival, it can ward off evil spirits and remove moisture by eating it with rice flour and pulp. People call this kind of food "fermented vegetables". It can also repair wounds and ulcers after being mashed.

Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Herba Gnaphanides contains many bioactive components such as flavonoids, quinones and alkaloids. It has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, liver protection, cough relieving and other clinical application values.

Chaoshan is a famous snack in Guangdong, which is said to have a history of more than 500 years in Chaoshan food culture. Among them, there is a kind of bread that can't be said, and many people think it is the most representative bread, which is the rat koji bread.

It is said that among all kinds of preserved fruits in Guangdong, the history of rat Qu Ke is the longest, and some people even think that rat Qu Ke is the female parent of other kinds of preserved fruits, which shows how important the position of rat Qu Ke is in Chaoshan folk food culture.

And rat koji, also known as cike koji, is a turquoise snack made by boiling rat koji and kneading it with glutinous rice flour.

What kind of plant is the rat grass used to make rat grass?

Before and after the Qingming period, small and furry "yellow flowers" would grow in fields, roadsides and grasslands, especially in low-altitude areas. When children came home from school, they would accompany them to the fields in the mountains and plains to be painted, washed, chopped into puree, squeezed out green juice, added to glutinous rice flour, or steamed or fried. This is the yellow flower that I remembered as a child.

These small yellow flowers all over the mountains are actually rat-weed, which can be seen in most parts of China, but there are many different ways to eat rat-weed in the south, such as Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan and Guangdong.

The whole plant, annual or biennial, of the compositae plant, Gnaphalocrocis paniculata, has an erect stem and is densely covered with white wool, and usually branches from the base. Leaves alternate; The lower leaves are spoon-shaped and the upper leaves are spoon-shaped or linear, about 2~6 cm long and 3~ 10 cm wide. The apex is blunt and pointed, the base is narrow, phimosis, entire, sessile, soft, with white wool on both sides, and the base also falls off after flowering. The head is terminal and arranged in a linear room; The involucre is spherical and bell-shaped, with many rows of bracts, golden yellow and dry film; Flowers are all tubular, surrounded by several layers of female flowers, the corolla is narrow as a line, and the style is shorter than the corolla; The center is an bisexual flower, with a slender tube, five dentate tips, five stamens, two split stigmas, an oval achene, about half a centimeter long, with papillary hairs and yellow-white crown hairs. The flowering period is usually 4-6 months, and the fruit period is 8-9 months.

Tao Jinghong's "Records of Famous Doctors" in the Wei and Jin Dynasties recorded that "the mouse's ear is shaped like a mouse's ear, but it is also like a white plush", just like the shape of the mouse's grass described above. Because its leaves are like a mouse's ear and bloom is like a song, people call it "mouse's grass".

What is the function of common rat-weed in rural areas besides making rat-weed? In fact, it is also a plant with the same origin of medicine and food. As a traditional Chinese medicine, it tastes sweet and flat, enters the lung meridian, and has the effects of resolving phlegm, relieving cough and expelling wind and cold. It can often treat cough, excessive phlegm, asthma, cold, bone and muscle pain, leucorrhea, carbuncle and so on.

In fact, a single taste of rat's wort can treat cold and cold; And the rat's weed and rock sugar decoct water together, which can treat cough and phlegm.

Clinically, common decoctions with realgar, saxifragon, goose tube stone, coltsfoot flower and other traditional Chinese medicines can treat cough due to consumptive tuberculosis, chest fullness and so on.

It can be used to treat bronchitis and cold asthma by mixing Herba Gnostici, Fructus Vitex negundo, Radix Peucedani, Herba Polygoni Multiflori, and Radix Magnoliae.

Thus, it can be seen that GnRH has a significant clinical effect on all kinds of cough and phlegm asthma caused by wind-cold and cold.

Watch out for the fake Chinese Pulsatilla in the market. Now, it will be found that some Chinese Pulsatilla sold in pharmacies and even hospitals are not real Chinese Pulsatilla, but are replaced by Chinese Pulsatilla. This phenomenon, especially in the south, especially in Guangdong, is quite common. Why?

You should know that Pulsatilla chinensis is the main medicine for dysentery, while Herba Gneisphalli, as mentioned above, is the medicine for treating cough, phlegm and asthma caused by wind-cold and cold, and the two are different.

However, when did people start to replace Pulsatilla with Rodents?

There is no way to verify the time, but Pulsatilla has a long history in traditional Chinese medicine, which has been recorded in Shennong Herbal Classic and began to be collected.

The first appearance of the herb was Zhao Xuemin, a doctor in the Qing Dynasty, in the book "Herbs". If there is evidence, it should be after the Qing Dynasty to replace Pulsatilla with the herb.

The reason may be that both the original plant and the medicinal material of the plant are densely covered with silver wool, especially on both sides of the leaves. Except for the roots and flowers, the impression of the plant is white, so it is called the white-headed grass in Hunan Medicinal Records, and the collected plant is also called the white-headed Weng in Chaoshan Herbal Color Encyclopedia.

There is also a book called "Chaoyang Herbal Medicine" in which the difference between the words "Radix Pulsatillae", "Radix Pulsatillae" and "Radix Pulsatillae", coupled with the similarity of plants, may be the most important reason for people to regard Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae as Pulsatilla.

Secondly, it should be that people who are engaged in the dispensing of traditional Chinese medicine lack professional identification ability, and they simply can't tell the difference between rat's grass and Chinese Pulsatilla.

Furthermore, it is the poor guidance and supervision of drug supervision.

Pay attention to me, with a rigorous attitude, popular science health; Pass on happiness with love. In Xiaolan local dialect, the common rat weed in rural areas is called "White-headed Childe", and many people regard it as an additive for making Baba rice fruit. Rodent is a very common weed in rural areas, which is often born in fields, especially in dry fields after rice harvest in the second half of the season. In Xiaolan, many people pick them every spring, and some people sell them in the market. 10 yuan a catty, do you think it's expensive? But it's not easy to earn this 10 yuan.

In the past, people's living conditions were poor and food was seriously insufficient. They all used wild grass and wild vegetables to satisfy their hunger. Xiaolan once heard grandma say that in the famine years, many people ate all kinds of weeds and leaves, which caused irreparable results. Later, people gradually got to know it, so they left some digestible food, of which Gnaphalocrocis paniculata is one of them.

However, Xiaolan had a very unpleasant incident this year when she was disturbed by the rat weed. Just in the first month of this year, I found a lot of very tender mouse grass when I was pulling rabbit grass, so I couldn't help but pick some home, pick out the tender tips and eat them, and feed some old and flowering ones to rabbits. Unexpectedly, two rabbits died the next day, because I didn't know what was going on when I raised rabbits for the first time. Later, I asked a mother-in-law who often pulls weeds together to know that there is brushed hair on the mouse grass, and rabbits will not defecate if they eat too much, and all kinds of regrets.

In Xiaolan's cognition, GnRH is a common wild vegetable in rural areas. 10 years ago, during the Spring Festival, every family here would do it to pay a New Year call to their relatives. When they came home, their relatives would give some zanba made by the rat weed as a basket-returning gift. Similarly, their relatives would give him some back when they came to our house. Rodent, scientific name, is an annual herb, belonging to the genus Rodent in Compositae. Yellow flowers, inverted egg-shaped or inverted egg-shaped cylindrical fruit with papillae. It is distributed in most provinces and regions of China, and there are other nicknames such as Foxifraga, Saxifraga, Tian Ai, and Echinacea, which mainly grow in low altitude dry land or wet grassland, especially in rice fields. Rat weed, also known as Qingming grass, is eaten as a wild vegetable in many places. It can be not only fried for soup, but also used to make dumplings. Every spring, especially before and after the Qingming Festival, people often pick the tender leaves of Qingming grass, treat them, knead them into dough with glutinous rice flour, and wrap them with fillings such as white sugar and bean paste to make a fragrant and delicious snack. It is sweet, non-toxic and has medicinal value. Harvest in spring, remove impurities, dry in the sun, and store in a dry place. Fresh products are used as they are picked. Usage includes decoction, grinding, and soaking in wine for oral administration; Or decocted, washed or pounded for external use.

Rodent mainly has the functions of resolving phlegm and relieving cough, expelling wind and removing dampness, detoxicating and killing insects. Can be used for treating cough, asthma, excessive phlegm, rheumatic arthralgia, diarrhea, edema, leucorrhea with reddish discharge, carbuncle, furuncle, eczema and itching. As well as the treatment of non-infectious ulcers and wounds, oral administration is a antihypertensive agent and a therapeutic drug for gastric ulcer. Folk prescriptions about the treatment of rat-weed are as follows:

1, take the rat's grass soaked in wine, which can cure the pain of bones and muscles. Or decoct 30-60g of Herba Gnaphalocrocis with water. It can also treat pain in bones and muscles, swelling and pain in feet and knees, and traumatic injury.

2. Use 30g fresh rat-weed, add brown sugar 15g after decocting in water, and take it at the beginning of each spring. Can prevent hepatitis.

3. Tamp fresh rat-weed with cold rice grains and salt. Can treat toxic furuncle at the beginning.

4. Wash with the decoction of the rat's hair, and use it as a warm and wet dressing, and change the dressing three times a day/kloc-0. Can be used for treating ecthyma (lower limb ulcer).

5. Take 60g fresh rat-weed and decoct it with water. It can treat spleen deficiency and edema.

6. Use 240g of rat's wort, decoct in water and wipe your body with medicinal juice. It can cure rubella.

7. Grind the rat grass and apply it externally. It can treat traumatic bleeding. The above usage is for reference only! If necessary, you need to see a doctor and guide the usage and dosage after diagnosis by the doctor!

Rodent: Also known as Rodent and Saxifraga, this place in Jiangxi is called Qingming Grass, which is a wild vegetable in early spring. Wild vegetables are always picked and eaten with tender heads, and the thick white-haired mouse grass is like a layer of cotton, so it is called "cotton stem head" in Jiangsu area.

Panicum miliaceum, with a height of10-40 cm, erect stems and thick white cotton wool; Leaves alternate, with white cotton wool on both sides, more flower heads and yellow or light yellow flowers; Glossy; Small and numerous, achene, obovate or obovate cylindrical. It is produced in most provinces and regions except Northeast China, and it is born in hillsides, grasses, wilderness and farmland. The leaves of rat's moustache are shaped like mouse's ears, and the leaves are fluffy, also known as "velvet mother". It can also be made into food with rice flour and flour, steamed with its juice and flour, and made into cakes and balls. This place in Jiangxi is called Qingming Guo.

In history, the rat weed was not as obscure as it is now. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Song Huizong, the king of national subjugation in the Northern Song Dynasty, became a prisoner and was escorted northward by the Jin army. The spring breeze was warm at the beginning, but it couldn't blow away the biting cold in Song Huizong's heart. Huizong suddenly bowed his head and saw the tender grass that had just broken ground on the roadside: the leaves of the grass were covered with gray hairs, as if wearing a shawl of silver fox fur. He figured out the season, it should be Tomb-Sweeping Day's spirit, and he thought of the old custom of Bianjing. This herb should be the protagonist of Qingming cold food. When he was hurt by the scene, Huizong wrote a poem saying, "Mother Rong refused to smoke when she was born, and she was homeless." Who is the main spring scenery in the emperor city, pointing to the tears in the countryside. " The "mother of velvet" in this poem refers to the mouse grass, because its leaves are covered with dense white fluff, which was called "the mother of velvet" by the ancients.

People in Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, will take its tender buds to eat every spring. The so-called smoking ban means that when this rat weed was born, it coincided with cold food and fireworks were not popular. Huizong's poems, reminiscing about stories, neat words and sad artistic conception did not help, but only ended up in a foreign country.

In ancient times, the so-called velvet mother is now called "rat's grass", and there are various names such as rat's song and mouse's ear. Li Shizhen, a medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty, said that the song can be eaten with rice flour, mouse's ear, and its leaves are shaped like mouse's ear, and it is like white hair and velvet. -Among them, the so-called rice noodle food is the old custom of cold food in the north, where the young leaves of rat's wort are picked and steamed with rice flour to make a cake, and its color is green, which is the seasonal food in the story of Bianjing recalled by Song Huizong. As early as the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there was a saying in the Chronicle of the Age of Jingchu: "On the third day of March, we took honey and powder from rat koji juice, which is called dragon tongue, so as to be tired of the times."

During the Qingming Festival, the tender and tender rat-weed, which grows on hillsides, grass, wilderness and farmland, is the main material for making green dumplings in many places in Jiangxi Province. It is boiled in water, pulped and mixed with flour, and the dumplings are fragrant and attractive. These special foods, such as Qingming Guo, made in spring in Jiangxi, are all made in the same way, but their practices are closely related to the ancient style. Doctors say: the stems and leaves of the rat's wort can be used as medicine, which is a common medicine for relieving cough, eliminating phlegm, treating asthma and bronchitis, as well as non-infectious ulcers and wounds. It also has the effect of lowering blood pressure after oral administration, which has very high medical value. Eating some during the Qingming period may be beneficial. After cooking, the color of the rat's grass is brighter than that of mugwort. This grass has a refreshing taste and a light fragrance, and sometimes it can be eaten as a wild vegetable alone. Pi Rixiu, a litterateur in the Tang Dynasty, was entertained by a potherb feast and thanked him with a poem, saying, "I can't help but covet the delicious taste of the rat's ear when I see the cow's lip liquid at first sight.".

At present, dyeing with plant juice has become a fashion again, and GnRH is a good pigment plant. In the Chronicle of Jingchu's Years in the Southern Liang Dynasty, it was said that after the flowers of the rat-weed and the skins of the Pterocarya stenoptera were smashed, the coarse cloth was dyed for a long time, and the color remained as bright as ever until the cloth was broken.

Rat weed was born in the countryside, with beautiful spring scenery, and enjoyed the outing with family or friends. It's a common scene in spring, with its vitality and dense clusters, like a quiet and alert little beast. It won't take you long to find a lot of rat grass. The collected rat-weed, washed the soil, finely chopped, mixed with glutinous rice flour and kneaded into dough with water. After awakening, it is either rubbed into a smooth dumpling shape, pressed into a cake shape, steamed, or fried in an oil pan. It is naturally fragrant, hot, soaked in sugar, soft and waxy, delicious and beautiful.

When Tomb-Sweeping Day, also known as Qing cuisine, cotton cuisine, went to the fields to pick the tender parts, washed them, steamed them with soaked glutinous rice, and smashed them, which became a delicious food, golden yellow, and was often used to entertain relatives and friends. Although people's living standards have improved now, this delicious food is still enduring and still loved by people. This should be a specialty of Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan! [smile] [smile] [empathy] [empathy]

Rat ear is a kind of wild grass, which has nothing to do with vegetables. It is a perennial herb with strong vitality. In winter, after wind, frost, snow and rain, it seems that the leaves of seedlings have withered. In fact, the roots are full of vitality, and the young seedlings are like bloom in the spring breeze in February, so they can be seen everywhere in February and March of the lunar calendar in southern China. There is a layer of white fluff on the leaves and broken yellow flowers.

There is a kind of cashmere-like fiber in Saxifraga, which is a good food for cleaning intestines, but it is not suitable for cooking with meals, because it is more troublesome to pick, and it is necessary to remove both paths and yellow flowers, because its cashmere fiber is not easy to boil and it is difficult to swallow.

For example, we all use it to make Qingming rice fruit here. We remove the old diameter and yellow flowers from the picked Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae, clean and chop the tender diameter leaves, then mash them, then add flour to glutinous rice flour and make grass-green dough, then make dumplings or big jiaozi with bamboo shoots and bacon as stuffing according to personal taste, and then steam them in a steamer. This is the "Qingming fruit" that people want to eat during Qingming Festival.

Qingming fruit is exquisite in workmanship, and its taste is certainly unusual. Anyone who has eaten it knows that although it comes from the countryside, I don't think it will be inferior to those steamed stuffed buns and rice fruits in the "imperial dining room".

We call Artemisia flour here, which can be made into flour cakes with glutinous rice and eaten together.