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How to cultivate sour papaya seedlings

Hello. The planting methods and post-flowering management of papaya are introduced as follows: 1. Site selection and land preparation. Choose a place with sufficient sunshine, fertile soil, moisture and good drainage for planting. You can also use the corners of fields, hillside areas, and in front and behind houses. When cultivating in patches, open holes at a distance of 1 meter * 2 meters between rows. Apply 5-10 kilograms of farmyard manure mixed with soil as base fertilizer. The seedling land should be loose and fertile sandy loam soil, apply 3,000 kilograms of farmyard manure per acre as base fertilizer, plow 25 centimeters deep, plow finely and level it, and make a 1.3-meter-wide border. 2. Propagation methods mainly use division propagation, but cuttings and seeds can also be used for propagation. (l) Propagation by division: Papaya roots penetrate shallowly into the soil and have strong tillering ability. Many young plants can grow from the roots every year. Before March, dig out the roots of the young plants that have sprouted around the old plants. The smaller ones can be planted in the nursery first, cultivated for 1-2 years, and then transplanted out of the nursery; the larger ones can be planted directly. This method blooms and bears early, is simple, and has a high survival rate. (2) Propagation by cuttings: Before germination in February to March, cut strong and tender branches into small sections of 15-20 cm long, and insert them diagonally into the seedbed with a row spacing of 10 cm * 15 cm, and cover them appropriately. Shade and keep moist. After new roots grow, transplant to the seedling ground and continue to cultivate for 1-2 years before planting. (3) Seed propagation: Autumn sowing or spring sowing. Autumn sowing is in late October. When the papaya seeds are mature, pick the fruits and take out the seeds. In November, dig holes at a spacing of 15 cm * 20 cm between plants. The depth of the holes is 6 cm. Sow 2-3 seeds in the hole and cover with 3 cm of fine soil. Spring sowing should be done in early to late March. Soak the seeds in water for 2 days, then take them out, put them in a basin, cover them with a damp cloth, leave them in a warm place for 24 hours, and sow them according to the above method. If sown in autumn, seedlings will emerge in the following spring. The seedlings that are sown in spring will emerge from late April to early May. When the seedlings grow to about 1 meter, they can be planted out of the nursery. Plant 2-3 seedlings in each hole in a triangle shape, cover with soil, compact and water. The best time to plant trees is spring. 3. Field management: (1) Cultivating and weeding: After the planting is established, fertilize and cultivate and weed twice every year in spring and autumn to loosen the soil and remove weeds. When loosening the soil in winter, it is necessary to build up the soil to prevent freezing. (2) Top dressing: Top dressing once before flowering in spring. First, open a ring ditch around the tree, and apply about 5 kilograms each of burnt marl and soil fertilizer to each tree, or about 10 kilograms of human excrement to promote growth and facilitate flowering and fruiting. (3) Pruning: It has a great influence on the flowering and fruiting of papaya and should be carried out between December and March of the following year. Adult trees should be pruned once a year, and diseased branches, dead branches, aging branches and overly dense young branches should be cut off to keep the tree shape hollow inside and round outside to facilitate more flowers and fruits. Old trees that are more than 10 years old and have begun to weaken should be renovated. Before freezing, all the above-ground parts can be cut off to allow the old roots to grow seedlings and cultivate them into new plants. 4. Prevention and control of pests and diseases: (l) Leaf blight: serious damage from July to September, damaging the leaves. Prevention and control methods: Clean the countryside in winter; spray with 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture in the early stage of the disease. (2) Peach borer: It eats fruits with its larvae. Prevention and control methods: Clean the fields in winter; spray with 2.5% 3,000-fold solution of larvae during the initial hatching period. (3) Star beetle: larvae eat branches. Prevention and control methods: Manual killing; use cotton dipped in 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate to stuff into wormholes; release the long-legged beetle. (4) Harvesting and processing: Papaya begins to bear fruit about 4 years after planting. Generally, papayas are harvested from July to September when the outer skin is greenish-yellow. It should be done on a sunny day and care should be taken not to damage the fruits or cause them to stick to the ground. Cut it lengthwise into two pieces with a steel knife while it's fresh, spread it out on a curtain and dry it in the sun for 3-4 days, so that the water in the gourd gradually dries up. When the color turns red, turn it over and dry it until it's completely dry. It can be dried over slow fire on rainy days. In some places, the papaya is boiled in boiling water for a few minutes, then 2-4 petals are taken out and cut into half lengthwise, and then dried in the sun and night. Products with firm texture, thick flesh, wrinkled skin, purple-red color and sour taste are better. In addition, in order to obtain high and stable yields, suitable pollinating trees need to be used when building a garden. The ratio of main planting varieties to pollinating varieties is 4:1. Improper management of papaya will cause small and medium-sized papayas, so attention should be paid to flower and fruit management. Flowers and fruits should be thinned out during the flowering period. Thinning flowers and fruits is especially important in the new year. When thinning fruits, branch fruits, deformed fruits, and cross fruits should be removed first. Generally, the base fruits and middle fruits of branches should be left, and the distance between fruits should be about 20 cm to ensure large fruits, high yield, and high yield. Stable production.