1, Professor Yang Binghui, Vice President of China Health Education Association (left)
2. Movie actor Li Lan (right)
Moderator: Hello, audience friends! This is CCTV's live program "The Road to Health". Today we are going to talk about cancer prevention. First of all, let's look at a set of data: in the next 20 years, the number of new cancer patients in the world will increase from the current 6.5438+million to 50 million, and the number of cancer deaths will increase from 6 million to 6.5438+million. This is a very heavy set of data. Today we will talk about how to prevent cancer.
Moderator: Can cancer be prevented? First, let's watch a survey video:
Mass A: I don't think cancer can be prevented, because if it can be prevented, so many people won't get cancer.
Mass B: I don't think cancer is an infectious disease, and it can't be prevented.
Mass C: I think that with the rapid development of science and technology, cancer should be preventable, but I can't say clearly how to prevent it.
Yang Binghui: When a citizen talks about the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, I want to talk about vaccination against smallpox. After the popularization of this preventive method, smallpox was eliminated worldwide. Many people think it would be great if cancer could be prevented by a method similar to vaccination. Unfortunately, there is no such method to prevent it at present, and even if there is, it may not be able to solve the comprehensive problems in the future. Because there are many causes of cancer, and a large part of them are closely related to our life behavior, it is very important to prevent cancer not by taking the so-called vaccine, but by changing our life behavior.
Moderator: What is the relationship between lifestyle and cancer?
Yang Binghui: Oncologists have noticed that there are many causes of cancer, including heredity and occupation, but most of the causes of cancer (80%) are in our daily life, so we put forward a concept called "lifestyle cancer", which actually means that people should pay attention to their lifestyle.
Moderator: What is the specific lifestyle problem you understand?
Li Lan: I think first of all, smoking is a bad lifestyle.
Yang Binghui: Smoking is closely related to cancer. Our research shows that the possibility of smokers suffering from lung cancer is 8- 12 times that of non-smokers. There are about 600 kinds of harmful substances in cigarettes, of which about 40 kinds have been proved to be carcinogenic. Smoking may not only cause lung cancer, but also affect the throat, esophagus and bladder.
Moderator: Is there any specific data that can explain the harm of smoking?
Yang Binghui: The incidence of lung cancer in many countries in the world, including China, is increasing, but the report on the incidence of lung cancer in the United States released by the American Cancer Institute at the beginning of this year is very worthy of attention. The incidence of lung cancer in the United States also increased before the 1990s, and tended to be flat after the 1990s. However, since 1996, the incidence of lung cancer has decreased by 0.4 percentage points every year. In addition, the year before last, the European side also suggested that their incidence of lung cancer began to decline. So what is the reason? According to themselves, this is closely related to the improvement of life behavior represented by tobacco control. In the 1960s, there were many smokers in the United States, accounting for about 46% of the total population. After 30 years of hard work, the proportion of smokers has dropped to 24%, so their incidence of lung cancer has also dropped. I wish China could do such a good job in tobacco control.
Among the many causes of cancer
Dietary factors account for 35%
Tobacco accounts for 30%
Drinking accounts for 3%
Sex and reproduction account for 7%
Food additives account for 1%
Drugs accounted for 1%
other
Li Lan: I would like to ask, is it possible to cause cancer by eating fried food frequently?
Yang Binghui: Too much greasy diet will not only lead to arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease, but also be related to cancer, especially intestinal cancer. Twenty years ago, the incidence of colorectal cancer in Shanghai ranked sixth among all kinds of cancers. In the past 20 years, with the improvement of living standards, the oil content in food has increased significantly, so the incidence of colorectal cancer has risen to the fourth place. Some people think that a high-fat diet will also promote breast cancer. Foreign studies show that high-fat diet may be related to prostate cancer and pancreatic cancer.
Li Lan: You must put oil in your cooking. What oil is better to eat?
Yang Binghui: Many people used to think that animal oil (meat oil) should be eaten less, but from the perspective of cancer prevention, vegetable oil should also be controlled. Some light dishes in the south, such as steamed vegetables and soup, are very healthy.
Li Wei: I read an article in a magazine that eating potatoes and sweet potatoes can prevent cancer. Is that so?
Yang Binghui: There is some truth in this statement, because foods like potatoes and sweet potatoes are rich in cellulose, which is basically not digested and absorbed by the human body. One advantage is that the potential harmful substances in the intestine can be discharged in time. Therefore, we advocate that the diet should not be too delicate and rough, not only from the perspective of nutrition but also from the perspective of cancer prevention, especially the prevention of intestinal cancer, which has many benefits.
Moderator: Is there any data showing that changing eating habits is helpful to health?
Yang Binghui: What we advocate is that eating more fresh vegetables and fruits is good for your health and good for cancer prevention.
No one's daily vegetable intake
From 150g to 400g.
The risk of lung cancer can be reduced by 50%
From 100g to 350g.
The risk of gastric cancer can be reduced by 60%
From 50 grams to 300 grams
The risk of gastric cancer can be reduced by 50%
Changing diet can prevent
50% of breast cancer
75% of gastric cancer
75% of colon cancer
Li Lan: I also have the habit of eating jiaozi. jiaozi has just been fished out of the pot. I think it's very comfortable to eat like this. Is that so?
Yang Binghui: This way of eating is wrong. Eating too hot food is easy to damage the mucosa of esophagus. Eating too hot food often leads to chronic inflammation of the esophagus. Many oncologists' research shows that cancer actually develops on the basis of chronic inflammation.
Moderator: Northerners like to eat pickled sauerkraut. Is there a relationship between eating Sichuan kimchi and cancer?
Yang Binghui: Sauerkraut, pickles and pickles all contain a substance called nitrite. Nitrite can combine with ammonia decomposed by protein in human body to form nitrosamines, which is definitely an important factor in the formation of esophageal cancer. I suggest you eat less sauerkraut, pickles and pickles.
Moderator: After talking about food, let's talk about what we usually drink, such as drinking, will it cause cancer?
Yang Binghui: Actually, alcohol is not a carcinogen, but it will promote cancer. I have done such research. Through the investigation of hepatitis patients, I found that people who had hepatitis and gave up drinking were less likely to develop liver cancer, while those who had hepatitis and drank alcohol were twice as likely to develop liver cancer as those who did not drink alcohol.
Li Lan: Some people say that everyone actually has cancer cells, but some people show it and some people don't. Is this correct?
Yang Binghui: No, the medical definition is that as long as cancer cells are detected, cancer can be diagnosed. However, the human body has proto-oncogenes that will explode under the impetus of carcinogens and then produce cancer.
Moderator: mr. yi, a native of Hunan, is 37 years old. I am a patient with hepatitis B, and I always feel liver pain recently. Will I get liver cancer in the long run?
Yang Binghui: The risk factors of liver cancer in people with hepatitis B are definitely higher than those without hepatitis B. ..
Moderator: Ms. Lu from Beijing, 40 years old. I have been suffering from stomach trouble for 4 or 5 years. I feel a stomachache before and after meals. Can stomach disease continue to deteriorate and cause cancer?
Yang Binghui: There is a clinical phenomenon that duodenal ulcer has little to do with cancer, but gastric ulcer is always bad, and it is still possible to develop into cancer.
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