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1, Introduction:

The standard name of Shi Wa is Rana spinosa, also known as Meretrix meretrix, Pheasant, Pheasant, Frozen Stone, Flying Fish, Squama, Toad, Frog, Pit Frog, Stone Chaos, Sophora japonica (South Sichuan) and so on. It is an Anura, an amphibian.

2. Morphological characteristics

Shi Wa is big and strong. Adult frogs are 10- 13cm long, and some can reach 15cm. Its body shape is similar to that of Rana nigromaculata or Rana tigris, but its body color is different. If some Shi Wa has a black back and a white midline on it, there are also different types such as brown, dark red and color, and its body can be divided into head, trunk and limbs, and the neck is not obvious.

Male frog's forelimbs are special, with narrow warts and long warts of different lengths arranged in a row intermittently, with small round warts in the middle. After sexual maturity, there are black spinous processes in the whole chest, and the wart at the base is firm and uplifted, but it is not divided into two groups. There are also spikes on the inside of the two fingers, and there is a single swallowing internal auditory sac. The abdomen is yellow and white, the forelimbs of females are not as developed as those of males, and there are no long and narrow warts on the back. They are scattered round warts, and there is no spinous process in the chest.

Head: The head of adult frog is flat and wide, and the mandibular process has a blunt kiss, and the kiss margin is not obvious. Cheeks tilted outward. The mouth is located at the front end of the head, and it splits behind the eyes. The eyes are oval, located at the highest part of the head, with a wide field of vision, making it easy to observe distant, near or moving objects. There are upper and lower eyelids, and there is a layer of folded transparent film called instant film inside the lower eyelid, which is reddish brown and can float up and down for protection. There is no external ear, but a middle ear cavity, and the hearing is sensitive. A pair of nostrils are between the kiss and the eyes, and the distance between the nose and the eyes is almost equal. Inside is the nasal cavity, which communicates with the internal nostril and oropharyngeal cavity. It is the passage for frogs to breathe air. The external nostril has a special valve, which plays an important role in breathing.