Land preparation:

Land preparation is to provide a deep, loose and fertile soil condition for the growth of sugarcane, in order to fully satisfy the needs of its root system, so that the root system can better play the role of absorbing water and nutrients. At the same time, land preparation can also reduce diseases, insects and weeds in the cane field.

Developing the planting furrow

Developing the planting furrow allows the cane to be planted to a certain depth, which is convenient for fertilizer management.

Conventional cane ditch:

The width and depth of the cane ditch should be adapted to the local conditions, usually about 20 centimeters deep, the width of the bottom of the ditch is 20-25 centimeters, and the bottom of the ditch should be flat.

Drought-resistant and high-yield cane ditch:

Circle the mountain along the contour ditch, deep ditch board soil suppression, ditch depth of 40 centimeters, the bottom of the ditch width of 25 centimeters, ditch center distance of 100 centimeters, with the bottom of the ditch of the lower ditch tidal soil cover the upper ditch of the seedling. Mulch 6.6 cm, compaction.

Fertilization

Sugarcane has a long growing period, tall plants and high yield. Therefore, in the whole growing period, the amount of fertilizer is one of the main factors to determine the yield. Due to the large amount of sugarcane fertilizer, fertilizer in sugarcane production costs accounted for a large proportion, therefore, correctly grasp the fertilization technology, to achieve the right time, the right amount, but also to maximize the sugarcane to meet the need for fertilizer, has an important significance.

1, sugarcane fertilizer needs:

According to the research, each production of 1 ton of raw sugarcane, need to absorb nitrogen (N) 1.5-2 kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 1-1.5 kg, potassium (K2O) 2-2.5 kg.

2, the absorption of nutrients in each fertility period of sugarcane:

The general trend of nutrient absorption in each fertility period of sugarcane is less in the seedling period, the tillering period is gradually increasing, the maximum absorption in the elongation period, and then decreasing in the maturity period.

3, fertilization principles:

Based on the characteristics of sugarcane's fertilizer needs in different reproductive stages, the principle of fertilization is formulated as follows: "heavy application of basal fertilizer, and timely phasing of fertilizer". If you only apply fertilizer without base fertilizer, the sugarcane is easy to grow into: head heavy, top thick and bottom thin, easy to fall down. On the other hand, if you only apply basal fertilizer without fertilizer, you will not have enough strength to form a "rat-tailed cane", which will affect the yield.

Seeding

1, select seedling

Block selection:

Select the newly planted cane with good growth in the field and no pests and diseases (especially the aphid) for seeding. Because the new planted cane grows vigorously, more soluble nutrients in the cane tips, and the buds have strong sprouting power. If there are not enough seedlings, you can also keep the dormant cane as seed. After selecting a good seeding field, we should strengthen the water and fertilizer management in the late stage of sugarcane growth, so that the tips of the cane can absorb enough water and nutrients, which is conducive to the sprouting growth of sugarcane buds after sowing.

Plant selection:

Plant selection is carried out at the time of cutting and harvesting. Choose upright, thick-stemmed, non-flowering cane plants for seed; eliminate mixed varieties to ensure the purity of good seed.

Length of seed:

Depending on the need. If you have enough seedlings, leave 30-50 centimeters for the top seedling; if you don't have enough seedlings, leave half of the stem for seed; if you need to accelerate the propagation of the good seed, leave the whole stem for seed. When you leave the tip of the seedling for seed, you should cut off the growing point (commonly known as the egg yolk), so as not to continue to grow during the stacking of the growing point, consuming nutrients, or after planting only the terminal bud buds to grow a seedling, the other buds of the cane growth is suppressed, and can not be sprouted into a seedling.

2, cut the seed

Single-bud seedling, double-bud seedling and multi-bud seedling: seedling due to the number of different sugar cane buds and there are single-bud seedling, double-bud seedling and multi-bud seedling. Double-bud seedling is commonly used in production, and single-bud seedling and multi-bud seedling are seldom used.

Multi-bud seedling: Due to the relationship of "apical dominance", the upper buds generally sprout first, and the upper buds will induce the production of growth hormone after sprouting, and the lower buds of the sprouting of the role of inhibition. The result is that the sprouting is not neat. This phenomenon, the more buds the more serious.

Single-bud seedling: Although there is no "apical dominance" effect, but because of the buds at both ends of the incision, prone to drought and water loss and pests and diseases, but also rarely used.

Double-bud seedling: Because the influence of "apical dominance" is not as serious as the multi-bud seedling, and the seedling in the middle of a complete internode, not as easy as a single-bud seedling, water loss and pests and diseases. Sprouting rate is high, sprouting is more neat. Therefore, it is commonly used in production. Tip seedlings have a short internode, the buds are denser, 3-4 buds can be used for a section.

Cutting seed method: cut from the bud lower internode 2/3, because the water and nutrients needed for the sprouting of cane buds are first supplied by the buds of the lower internode. Can seed, buds to both sides, a cut, do not cut the cane seed.

3, seedling treatment

Including sunshine seed, soak seed sterilization and germination. The purpose is to improve the germination rate, accelerate the speed of germination, reduce pests and diseases. With a period of storage cane stems or middle and lower cane stems for seed, seedling treatment is particularly important.

Sun seeding:

Fresh seedlings have high water content and need to be sun seeding. The older leaf sheaths are first stripped off, leaving the tender leaf sheaths in the sun for 2-3 days. Sun seed can increase the temperature, promote enzyme activity, accelerate the conversion of sucrose within the seedling, enhance respiration, break the dormant state of the seedling, prompting the seedling to sprout as soon as possible.

Seed dipping:

Seed dipping allows the seedling to absorb sufficient water to transform the seedling from a relatively dormant state to an active state, promoting seedling germination. The production of the main use of water seed dipping and lime water seed dipping two methods. Seed soaking in fresh water is better than running water, and the seed is soaked for 1-2 days at room temperature. The method is to put the whole bundle of cane seeds into the water immersed in 1-2 days, fishing, stripping leaves, cutting seeds.

Lime water is used to soak the seed at a concentration of 2% for 12-24 hours, and the soaking time for the stem-base seedling can be extended to 36-48 hours. The general principle is: seedling tender, high temperature soaking time is shorter, seedling old, low temperature, soaking time is longer. Lime water seed soaking can kill part of the powder shellfish and germs, and disinfection.

Sprouting:

Sprouting method is more, sugar cane area generally use pile collection method and composting method two. Heap collection method is the seedling pile together, relying on its own heat to raise the temperature of the pile, thus prompting the seedling germination.

The better effect is the composting method, the specific method is: choose the windward, sunny, near the water place, first lay a layer of about 10 cm thick half-rotted stable manure, and then put a layer of 20-25 cm thick seedlings, and then put a layer of stable manure, and then put a layer of seedlings, and so the heap of 3-4 layers, the heap height of about 1 meter, the heap is about 1.3 meters long and wide,

In the heap of the surrounding cover

Cover the heap with a layer of 10 cm thick stable manure, and then cover it with straw, cane leaves, mud or plastic film to keep the temperature inside the heap.

The humidity of the compost is controlled to the extent that it does not form a ball in your hand. After sealing the heap need to frequently check the temperature and humidity of the heap, the temperature is controlled at about 30 ℃, that is, the hand feel hot but not scalding to the degree.

The degree of germination to "root point protruding, bud parrot mouth shape" can be. Be careful to avoid "bearded roots", the time needed to germinate is about 3-5 days. Sprouted seedlings, seeding cane field should be kept moist, if the soil is dry, the sprouted roots and buds will lose water and dry wither, the emergence rate is reduced.

4. Seeding period

Depending on the seeding period, there are spring planting (spring-summer), autumn planting (autumn-winter) and winter planting (winter-spring), and most of them are spring planting in our province, while some of them are autumn planting in Southwest Yunnan Sugar Cane Area.

Spring-planted sugarcane seeding period: Generally, the temperature within 10 cm of the topsoil can be stabilized above 10℃ before seeding.

The timely early planting is an important measure to ensure high yield of sugarcane. The temperature is relatively low in early spring, and the seed roots sprout before the cane buds, laying the foundation for the early growth of the seedlings. At the same time, early planting can be born early and fast, make full use of the high temperature and humidity of the growing season, prolong the growing period, increase the plant height and stem thickness, and create conditions for high yield.

5, planting density

The planting density has a close relationship with sugarcane yield. If the planting is too sparse, the number of effective stems is small, the yield is not high; too dense, the plant is weak and thin stems, the dead stems increase, the sucrose is low, and the sugar yield is not high, so we need to reasonably dense planting.

Rationally dense planting principle is "rely on the mother stem, make full use of early tiller". Because the mother stem and early tillers have a high rate of stem formation (70-80% and 20-30% of the effective number of stems, respectively), the single stem is heavy, high sugar.

The amount of seed planted is a specific measure of reasonable dense planting. The amount of seed to be determined by the climate, varieties and cultivation techniques according to local conditions. Generally speaking, high temperatures, good water and fertilizer conditions, the amount of seed can be less, and vice versa, more; stem thin, upright varieties can be denser, and vice versa, sparse.

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