So, is the ice cream made of milk powder really a "low-grade" product? Besides, camel milk is closer to breast milk? Can "heightening needle" help children grow taller? Can the "anti-stuffy artifact" alleviate the sultry feeling of the mask?
These questions will be answered by the gossip list of Science in August.
Myth: The foreign version of a brand of ice cream uses different materials. Replacing "high-grade" milk with "low-grade" milk powder in China not only lowers the standard, but also raises the price.
Truth: Whether ice cream producers use concentrated milk, powdered milk or milk, the protein content in ice cream should be adjusted at last. In actual production, many ingredients are often used together, and there is no distinction between "high-grade" and "low-grade".
Whether at home or abroad, the most important functional ingredients in ice cream are fat, protein and sugar, which play different roles. The source of ice cream protein is mainly milk protein, but the protein effect in the product is the same whether milk or milk powder is used.
In the ice cream industry, Chinese enterprises generally use milk powder, while the most commonly used in European and American countries is "concentrated milk". In fact, this is not "milk". Simply put, concentrated milk is between milk and milk powder, and the water has not been completely removed.
Ice cream manufacturers choose milk powder or concentrated milk mainly depending on market supply, which is not geographical discrimination, but local conditions. For example, in Europe, North America and Australia, where milk sources are abundant, ice cream factories are more inclined to purchase concentrated milk. In places with relatively insufficient milk sources, such as China, most manufacturers choose to use milk powder.
In fact, both milk powder and concentrated milk are "standardized" products in the food industry, and the difference between different batches is relatively small, which is basically unaffected by the season. The shelf life is longer than that of raw milk, which is convenient for storage and transportation and more conducive to the stability of product quality.
Myth: camel milk, known as "desert platinum", is the closest to breast milk and is more suitable for feeding newborns than milk.
Truth: The best food for newborns is breast milk. Breast milk not only contains all the nutrients that babies need, but also the proportion of various nutrients is within the reasonable range that babies need. The contents of protein, fat and lactose in breast milk are usually 1%, 4% and 7% respectively, while those in milk are about 3%, 4% and 5%. Compared with breast milk, protein content in milk is too high and lactose content is too low, while sugar content in camel milk is low and sugar content in protein is high. Even if the micronutrients are not considered and only the main nutrients are considered, camel milk is far from breast milk.
If breastfeeding cannot be achieved for various reasons, infant formula is the only recognized choice. Whether it is based on milk, goat's milk or soybean protein, the nutritional components in infant formula have been adjusted to "simulate breast milk" as much as possible to meet the nutritional needs of infants.
Myth: Fuel trucks are often scrapped after being soaked in water in heavy rain. Electric cars are waterproof, not afraid of soaking in water, and can even be used as "land submarines".
Truth: In theory, the wading ability of electric vehicles is better than that of fuel vehicles. Because of its product characteristics, electric vehicles usually pay more attention to sealing in the design of "three electric systems" (referring to batteries, motors and electronic control, which are the key technologies of electric vehicles), and the probability of being flooded is small. However, the environment during the rainstorm is uncontrollable, and the flood composition is complex, or there is a lot of sediment, which is much more complicated than the situation in the laboratory.
Under normal circumstances, electric vehicles will not leak electricity when soaked in water. If it is slightly soaked in water for a short time, it can still be used normally after being repaired in time. However, after a long period of deep soaking in water, electric vehicles will still be scrapped. Heavy rain may cause the battery assembled at the bottom of the electric vehicle to rub into the water, causing short circuit and leakage, thus causing danger. If the bottom of the battery is damaged by impact during displacement, water vapor will enter the battery pack, which will also have a great impact on the performance of the battery. Impurities in the rain may conduct electricity inside the battery, resulting in short circuit between batteries, rapid rise of battery temperature and even explosion in severe cases.
If the battery is not disassembled in time after entering the water, it may also cause corrosion to the battery core, which may lead to spontaneous combustion. However, if the water enters the vehicle control system and the water vapor cannot be completely discharged, the integrated circuit board will be gradually corroded by water vapor, which will affect the overall performance of the vehicle.
On the other hand, the low-voltage system wiring harness and cable joints of electric vehicles are relatively low in waterproof grade. That is to say, even if the three electric systems have waterproof and dustproof functions, problems in the circuit harness and cable connectors will also make the electric vehicles face greater security risks after water is injected.
Whether it is a fuel vehicle or an electric vehicle, besides observing whether the core power system is flooded, we need to pay attention to a series of other problems, such as internal parts damaged after being soaked, exposed metal parts moldy and rusty, and electronic equipment (audio system, sensor, circuit) not repaired in time after being soaked.
Myth: If you are worried that your child is not tall enough, you can go to the hospital to have an "increase needle" to solve the problem.
Truth: "Heightening needle" is a growth hormone, which is mainly used to treat short stature in medicine and has a clear scope of use. Whether patients can take growth hormone has a set of strict requirements and physical examination indicators, such as age, bone age and hormone level. And I can't get it if I want to.
There are many adverse reactions caused by injection of growth hormone. Some children will have a temporary decline in thyroid function after injection, with symptoms such as fatigue, fatigue and edema. Some children will have hyperglycemia after injection and need regular monitoring to avoid the risk of diabetes; Other children will cause endocrine disorders, femoral head slippage and scoliosis after injection.
Therefore, through the abuse of growth hormone, children's health is likely to be damaged.
Myth: Wearing a mask in hot weather will make you feel bored. The "anti-stuffy artifact" bracket can support the plane mask, increase the distance between the mask and the nose and mouth, and reduce the sultry feeling.
Truth: Masks are an important defense against COVID-19 infection. Adding a bracket to the mask will affect the tightness of the mask and greatly reduce the protective effect.
When wearing a mask, it is necessary to cover the mask with both hands and shape the nose clip with double index fingers to fit the cheek. The support frame is generally made of plastic, which is uniform in shape, difficult to conform to everyone's face and easy to shift. The support in the center of the "anti-stuffy artifact" is too large, which easily leads to gaps on both sides of the mask, affecting the gas density of the mask and weakening its protective effect.
In addition, if the breathing area is too large, it will be difficult for exhaled water vapor to evaporate, and the accumulation of hot and humid gas will only make people feel more sultry.
Although the masks such as N95 used by medical staff in high-risk areas also have supporting structures, they are all supported to ensure air leakage, and the principles are different.
Myth: Vaccines have never eradicated smallpox or controlled polio and measles. The vaccine itself is a scam.
Truth: Vaccines have played a key role in eliminating smallpox and controlling the spread of polio and measles.
The process of controlling infectious diseases through mass vaccination has never been achieved overnight. On the grounds that some infectious diseases have not disappeared after vaccination, the rumors of "ineffective vaccine" are often deliberately ignored or even contradictory.
For example, an article claimed that "smallpox vaccine was compulsory in Britain in 1853, but smallpox epidemic still broke out in 1870" to accuse the vaccine of being ineffective. In fact, since 1853 began compulsory vaccination against smallpox, the mortality rate of smallpox in Britain has dropped significantly. The outbreak of 1870 smallpox originated from the outbreak of smallpox in France, which does not mean that the vaccine is ineffective.
In addition, since 1988, the World Health Organization has launched a global polio eradication plan in cooperation with the World Children's Fund and other institutions. As a result of this international cooperation, the number of global polio cases dropped from 350,000 in 1988 to 33 in 20 18. It can be said that the effectiveness of polio vaccine has been proved by sufficient data.
As for measles, from 2000 to 20 1 1 year, the number of people who died of measles in the world dropped from 542,000 to158,000, a decrease of 7 1%, which also benefited from the progress of global measles vaccination.
Myth: COVID-19 Ramda mutant is the "new poison king" beyond Delta mutant, and the vaccine is useless.
Truth: It is really necessary to be alert to the emerging mutants, but it is also unnecessary to pay attention to the "threat marketing" carried out by some people with mutants. Judging from the serum neutralization experiment, some recent studies do show that Ramda has some immune escape, but it is not prominent among many mutants. According to the existing research, Ramda did not invalidate the vaccine.
However, when evaluating the potential impact of a mutant with strong communication ability, we should also consider the competition among the main mutants at present. According to the follow-up study, Ramda did not show stronger competitiveness than other mutants (especially Delta mutants). For the global epidemic, the actual impact of Ramda is far less than that of Delta.
Myth: Oxalic acid affects calcium metabolism, and excessive consumption will lead to decreased bone density, so eating bitter gourd will lead to osteoporosis.
Truth: Too much oxalic acid does affect the absorption of calcium to some extent, but it is only one of several factors that lead to osteoporosis. Bitter gourd contains a certain amount of oxalic acid, which really affects the absorption of some calcium. If the renal function is not perfect, too much oxalic acid may combine with calcium to form kidney calculi. But bitter gourd is not the only food containing oxalic acid, and it is not even a so-called "high oxalic acid content" food.
The root cause of osteoporosis is a large loss of bone calcium, which leads to a significant decline in bone mineral density. There are many factors that cause this phenomenon, mainly including: gender (female high risk), age, family inheritance, insufficient calcium intake, excessive dieting and so on. The effect of oxalic acid can only be attributed to the factor of calcium intake.
Myth: Tea contains a lot of tannins, which will hinder the body's absorption of iron, so drinking strong tea often will lead to iron deficiency anemia.
Truth: Tannin does hinder the absorption of iron, but from the actual population surveys in various countries, drinking tea will not have a great impact on the absorption of iron by the human body, nor will it lead to anemia. For the average person, the effect of drinking tea on iron absorption is almost negligible.
People generally don't drink tea very much, so there are fewer tannins that can be dissolved in tea, which has little effect on the absorption of iron. In addition, the daily diet is varied, and many foods contain iron. As long as you eat more foods rich in iron, you don't have to worry about iron deficiency. There are many foods that can promote the absorption of iron, such as vitamin C in vegetables and fruits.
The causes of anemia are complicated. In addition to the common iron deficiency anemia, the lack of other nutrients required for hematopoiesis can also lead to anemia, such as B vitamins, vitamin C, folic acid, vitamin B 12, etc.
Internship Editor Dong Yu
Proofreading king
Editor Wang Yun