The Sakhalin incident of 199 1 was an event in which the Qing Dynasty signed many unequal treaties with Russia and ceded Sakhalin Island. 1858 and 1860, the sino-Russian love faint treaty and the sino-Russian Beijing treaty signed by Russia forced the Qing government only explained the jurisdiction of the land border, but did not explicitly mention the ownership of Sakhalin island.
1855 On February 7th, Japan and Russia signed the Japan-Russia Shimoda Treaty, stipulating that Sakhalin Island "will not be demarcated and the status quo will be maintained". This is the first time that Japan and Russia divided Sakhalin Island. At this time, sakhalin island still belonged to the Qing Dynasty in name, but Japan and Russia turned a blind eye to it.
1860, the Russians used the Second Opium War to force the Qing court to sign the Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty, and occupied the land of northeast China 1 10,000 square kilometers. At this point, Sakhalin Island officially broke away from the embrace of the motherland. However, the ownership of Sakhalin Island is still controversial at this time. Due to Japan's opposition, Russia failed to completely occupy Sakhalin Island. 1875, Japan and Russia signed the Kuril Islands Exchange Treaty in St. Petersburg, and Russia ceded the entire Kuril Islands to Japan in exchange for Sakhalin sovereignty.
In the Russo-Japanese War of 1905, Japan defeated Russia, and Russia was forced to cede the other half of Sakhalin Island to Japan. 1September 2, 945 Soviet Union occupied South Sakhalin Island and Kuril Islands. 1951September 8, Japan announced that it had completely abandoned the ownership of Sakhalin Island. Since 1960s, China has not claimed sovereignty over Sakhalin Island, which constitutes Russian territorial acquisition under international law.
In addition, Russia and Japan have also signed many treaties stipulating the ownership of Sakhalin Island, which in fact constitutes a cession, and China has no objection to this. China and Russia signed the Agreement on the Eastern Section of the Sino-Soviet Border and the Supplementary Agreement on the Eastern Section of the Sino-Russian Border in 199 1 and 2004 respectively, and the eastern section of the border has been completely demarcated. But this only delineates the land boundary between China and Russia and does not involve maritime islands. So there is no mention of the ownership of Sakhalin Island.
Sakhalin Island Introduction:
Sakhalin Island, south of the Pacific coast of Russia, the traditional name of China is Sakhalin Island, which was once the largest island in China, and now it is the largest island in Russia, under the jurisdiction of Sakhalin State. Sakhalin Island is located in the east of the estuary of Heilongjiang (amur river), facing the Sea of Okhotsk in the east and north, facing the mainland across tatar strait in the west, and facing Hokkaido across Zonggu Strait (namely La Perus Strait) in the south. It is 948 kilometers long from north to south and 6 ~ 160 kilometers wide from east to west, covering an area of about 76,400 square kilometers.
Sakhalin Island is long and narrow from north to south, shaped like a fish. The northern part of Sakhalin Island is a low plain with low terrain and many lagoons along the coast. The south-central part is dominated by mountains, the west part is the West Sakhalin Mountains, and the east part is the East Sakhalin Mountains. Lopatina Mountain, the highest peak, is 65,438+0,609 meters above sea level, and Temboronai Valley is between the two mountains.
The northern part is a sparse coniferous forest composed mainly of larch in Daour, and the southern part of 52 north latitude is a coniferous forest composed of spruce and Abies sakhalin. Temiborne valley is mainly meadows and swamps, and there are mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests in the southwest of the island. Sakhalin Island is located in the Pacific Rim seismic belt, so earthquakes are frequent.
The above contents refer to Baidu Encyclopedia-Sakhalin Island.