"On the 24th day of the twelfth lunar month, dust sweeps the house", according to "Lv Chunqiu", China had the custom of sweeping dust during the Spring Festival in the Yao and Shun era. According to the folk saying: Because of the homonym of "dust" and "Chen", sweeping dust in the Spring Festival has the meaning of "except Chen Buxin", and its intention is to sweep away all bad luck and bad luck. This custom is entrusted with people's desire to break through the old and establish the new and their prayer to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Whenever the Spring Festival comes, every household should clean the environment, clean all kinds of appliances, tear down and wash bedding curtains, sweep the six yards, dust cobwebs and dredge open channels and culverts. Everywhere is filled with the joyful atmosphere of engaging in sanitation and welcoming the Spring Festival cleanly.
2. Post Spring Festival couplets
Spring Festival couplets are also called door-to-door couplets, spring stickers, couplets, couplets, peach symbols, etc. They depict the background of the times and express good wishes with neat, dual, concise and exquisite words, which is a unique literary form in China. 3. stick grilles and reverse the word "Fu"
In the folk, people also like to stick various paper-cuts on the windows-window grilles. Window grilles not only set off the festive atmosphere, but also set decoration, appreciation and practicality in one.
Step 4 paste new year pictures
Hanging New Year pictures during the Spring Festival is also very common in urban and rural areas, and the thick black and colorful New Year pictures add a lot of prosperous and happy festive atmosphere to thousands of families. New Year pictures are an ancient folk art in China, reflecting people's simple customs and beliefs and pinning their hopes for the future.
5. keep the age
Keeping old age on New Year's Eve is one of the most important activities, and the custom of keeping old age has a long history. The earliest record was found in the "Local Records" in the Western Jin Dynasty: on New Year's Eve, all parties gave gifts, which was called "giving the year back"; Wine and food are invited, which is called "don't be old"; It is called "dividing the age" when the young and the old gather to drink and wish a complete song; Everyone stays up all night, waiting for the morning, which is called "keeping the old age".
6. Eat jiaozi
The folk custom of eating jiaozi during the Spring Festival was quite popular in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Generally, jiaozi should be wrapped before 30 12 o'clock and eaten at midnight, which is the beginning of the first day of the first lunar month. Eating jiaozi means "making friends at a younger age", and "zi" is homophonic with "dumplings", which means "happy reunion" and "good luck".
Step 7 set off firecrackers
There is a folk saying in China that "opening the door to firecrackers". That is, at the arrival of the new year, the first thing for every household to open the door is to set off firecrackers to eliminate the old and welcome the new with the sound of firecrackers. Firecrackers are a specialty of China, also known as "firecrackers", "firecrackers" and "firecrackers".
8. Happy New Year
On the first day of the new year, people get up early, put on the most beautiful clothes, dress neatly, go out to visit relatives and friends, and wish each other good luck in the coming year. There are many ways to pay New Year's greetings, some of which are led by the same clan leader to pay New Year's greetings door to door. Some colleagues invite several people to pay New Year greetings; There are also people who get together to congratulate each other, which is called "group worship". Because it took time and effort to pay a New Year call at home, some elites and scholars later used stickers to congratulate each other, thus developing the later "new year card".
9. Spring Festival food customs
Eating rice cakes, the taste of eating rice cakes varies from place to place. Beijingers like to eat red date rice cakes, hundred fruit rice cakes and white rice cakes made of glutinous rice or yellow rice. Hebei people like to add jujube, red bean and mung bean to the rice cake and steam it together. In northern Shanxi, in Inner Mongolia and other places, it is customary to eat fried rice cakes with yellow rice flour during the New Year, and some of them are stuffed with bean paste and jujube paste, while Shandong people steam rice cakes with yellow rice and red dates. The rice cakes in the north are mainly sweet, steamed or fried, and some people simply eat them with sugar. The rice cakes in the south are both sweet and salty, such as those in Suzhou and Ningbo, which are made of japonica rice and have a light taste. In addition to steaming and frying, you can also slice and fry or cook soup. Sweet rice cakes are made of glutinous rice flour with white sugar, lard, rose, sweet-scented osmanthus, mint, vegetable paste and other ingredients. They are fine in workmanship and can be steamed directly or fried with egg white.
The night before the real Chinese New Year is called reunion night. Wanderers who are away from home have to travel thousands of miles to come home from Wan Li, and the whole family has to sit around and pack jiaozi for the New Year.
10 .. Poetry of the Spring Festival
Tian Jia yuan ri
(Tang) Meng Haoran
Fighting back to the north last night, starting from the east today;
I'm already strong, and I'm worried about agriculture without money.
Mulberry field cultivates the father, and the lotus hoe follows the shepherd boy;
Tian Jiazhan climate, * * * said this year is abundant.
Selling dementia words
(Tang) Fan Chengda
On New Year's Eve, people don't sleep, and they are tired of being sluggish and forcing the new year;
Children call to take the long street, and clouds have dementia to call people to sell.
Except for the night
(Tang) Laigu
Is a matter of solidarity has become empty, Wan Li lovesickness overnight.
Worry until the crow dies, and you will see the spring breeze again.
first day of the lunar month
(Song) Wang Anshi
In addition to the sound of firecrackers at the age of one, the spring breeze sends warmth into Tu Su;
Thousands of families always change new peaches for old ones.
Yuanri Yulouchun
(Song Dynasty) Maopang
Every year, the lotus drops leak, and Bijing Tu Su sinks the frozen wine.
Han Xiao is still deceiving others, and she is slim in spring.
Beautiful women urge thousands to live a long life, and cypress leaves and peppers are covered with delicate sleeves.
I don't know each other well in the depths of my hometown, but I am only old with Dongjun.
New Year's Eve
Wen Tianxiang (Southern Song Dynasty)
Gankun is empty, and the years go to the hall;
The end of the road is stormy, and the poor side is full of snow and frost.
Life is dying with the years, and the body is forgotten;
There is no such thing as killing Su Meng, and night is still young is burning the lamp.
pay New Year calls
(Ming) Wen Zhiming
I don't want to meet each other, but I want to talk, and the famous papers are full of us.
I also throw a few papers with people, and the world is too simple and not too empty.
Have been new and correct
Ye Qing (Ming)
The wind and frost in heaven and earth are exhausted, and the weather in Gankun is harmonious;
Add new years, and spring is full of old mountains and rivers.
Mei Liufang is full of pride, loose and old;
Tu Sucheng was drunk and laughed at the white clouds.
It's New Year's Eve.
(Qing) Huang Jingren
A thousand laughter is delayed, and worries are hidden from the outside.
The man standing tall on the stone bridge seems to be in the world, gazing at the sky, but seeing a star as the moon.
Fengcheng new year's speech
(Qing) Cha Shenxing
Cleverly cut and try Silla, painting colorful gold as a moth;
Since then, scissors have been idle for a month, and there are more needles and thread in the boudoir before the age of 20.
Jiawu New Year's Day
(Qing) Kong Shangren
Xiao Shu's white hair is not full of ups and downs, and the old-age stove actually sleeps.
Cut the candle and dry night snack wine, and spend all your money to buy spring money.
Listen to the childlike innocence of burning firecrackers, and watch the change of peach characters.
Add a plum blossom to the drum horn, and even laugh at the New Year.
New Year's Day takes up Liu Yazi's charm.
Dong Biwu
* * * Celebrate the New Year with laughter, and Hongyan ladies give plum blossoms;
Everyone toasts each other in a toast, expresses the new year's wishes, after all the people are still not satisfied, and together taste this victory tea, talk about current affairs.
Only loyalty can serve the country, and there is no paradise for home;
Song and dance with the capital to welcome the festival, watching Yan' an scenery from a distance.
See the flower market during the Spring Festival.
Lin Boqu
Maijie meets to see the flower market, but leans against the arcade like a gallery;
Bundled potted plants are lined up, and the grass plants are woody and fragrant.
The lights were on all night, and the singing was ecstatic.
It is this year that the scenery is beautiful and colorful.
Spring Festival customs of all ethnic groups in various places
I. Tibetans
Every nation has its own unique culture and living habits. Tibetans are an ancient and enthusiastic nation. In the long history, they have also formed their own living habits and taboos in life.
1 When two friends meet after a long separation greet each other or chat, you can't put your hand on each other's shoulders.
2. You can't cross or step on other people's clothes, nor can you put your own clothes on other people's clothes, let alone cross people.
3. Women should not hang clothes, especially pants and underwear where everyone passes by.
4. Don't whistle or cry loudly in the house.
5. When the family is away from home and the guests have just left, you can't sweep the floor or take out the garbage at noon and after sunset and on the first day of Tibetan New Year's Day.
6, outsiders can't mention the name of the deceased in front of his relatives.
7. Work that should be done this year can't be done next year, such as twisting wool, knitting sweaters, carpets, etc.
8. At dusk, you can't just go to people's homes, especially when people will have pregnant women who have given birth and newly-born women or seriously ill patients, and strangers can't go.
9. After noon, you can't take out any property at home.
10, a stranger to the mountains and cliffs and canyons you have never been to, can't make a noise.
1 1, utensils, pots, pans, etc. that cannot be crossed or stepped on for eating.
12. There are two people in the family who go out at the same time and go in the opposite direction. They can't go out at the same time. They must go out before and after, and the time of going out should be separated.
13, women can't comb their hair and wash their hair at night, and they can't go out with their hair on.
14. When using brooms and dustpans, you can't pass them directly by hand. You must put them on the ground first, and then another person will pick them up from the ground.
15. Whenever relatives and friends visit your home or visit you, they will give you some buttered tea or highland barley wine as gifts. When guests leave, they can't leave everything empty, so they must leave some in it or put some of their own things on it.
16, chipped or cracked bowls can't be used for eating, nor can they pour tea for guests.
II. Yi nationality
Torch Festival of Yi people, that is, the Year of Yi people. In the eyes of Yi people, fire symbolizes light, justice and prosperity, and symbolizes a powerful force that can destroy all evil. Torch Festival is a festival of joy, love and happiness for Yi people.
3. Hong Kong customs
The Lunar New Year is a traditional grand festival in our country, and I believe everyone in China does not know it. However, celebrating the Lunar New Year in Hong Kong is totally different from the traditional ones in terms of customs and atmosphere.
In recent years, few Hong Kong people have traditionally posted Spring Festival couplets and New Year pictures at home during the Lunar New Year. Instead, they have posted "prosperous business" and "safe entry and exit" in some shops or homes. Even so, the original intention of posting Spring Festival couplets and New Year pictures is the same as that of posting Spring Festival couplets and New Year pictures. I hope everything will be smooth and safe in the coming year.
In addition, lion dances and dragon lanterns will also appear in some villages and villages in the New Territories, and it is difficult to see large-scale lion dances and dragon lanterns on the streets of urban areas in the New Year. As for setting off firecrackers and firecrackers, it is forbidden in Hong Kong. However, since 1982, a grand fireworks show has been held in Victoria Harbour every year on the second night of the Lunar New Year, which has been a program to welcome the Spring Festival for more than ten years.
Hong Kong is known as a "gourmet paradise", and there are many customs about eating during the Spring Festival, and most families will also have a "reunion dinner" during the Spring Festival, usually at home, and the whole family will get together and enjoy dinner on New Year's Eve. The first choice for a big program after dinner is believed to be visiting the flower market. During the Lunar New Year, there are many fairs in Hong Kong and Kowloon, among which the flower market in Victoria Park is the largest and most lively. Hong Kong people are used to visiting the flower market after dinner, and on New Year's Eve, people are crowded with each other, and everyone will celebrate the festival together.
The happiest thing about spending the Lunar New Year in Hong Kong is to collect children who are "profitable". During the Spring Festival, laughter can be heard everywhere. "Li" was originally a "good thing", which was based on good luck and good intentions, and it also became an indispensable custom with relatives during the Spring Festival.
4. Macao customs
Macao's old customs are unique. "Xie Zao" is one of the most traditional China customs preserved in Macau. On the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, people in Macao called it "Xie Zao". According to the tradition of China, Macao people also use candy for the kitchen god, saying that it is to paste the mouth of the kitchen god with sugar, so as not to speak ill of him before the Jade Emperor. I saw a picture of Santa Claus on the stove of a Macao family in Flower Street, Macau. Strangely, the picture of Santa Claus was affixed with a couplet saying "Heaven speaks good things, and it is good luck to return home".
Macao people celebrate the New Year from the 28th of the twelfth lunar month, which is a homophonic word in Cantonese. Most business owners invite their employees to have a "reunion dinner" at the end of this year to show their prosperity and good luck. The annual flavor of Macao can be truly felt from the 28th day of the twelfth lunar month.
5. Taiwan Province Spring Festival customs.
The Spring Festival is a traditional folk festival with a long history of the Chinese nation. In Taiwan Province, which is separated from Fujian Province by water, its history, culture, customs, living habits, kinship and so on all come down in one continuous line with the mainland of China, especially in southern Fujian, so the Spring Festival customs of the people on the island are naturally similar to those of the mainland of China.
Because the ancestors of Baodao residents (mostly Minnan and Hakkas) went to Taiwan for development, it is a long time ago and has experienced many vicissitudes, and the Spring Festival customs there have gradually formed some unique patterns and colors.
6. Interesting Jiangsu Spring Festival customs
During the Spring Festival, Jiangsu folks have some unique customs besides posting Spring Festival couplets, hanging New Year pictures, observing the new year, dancing lions, and paying New Year greetings, which are the same as those in the whole country. Now the number of collections is for readers.
Suzhou people put cooked water chestnuts in their meals on New Year's Eve, and dig them out when eating, which is called "digging gold ingots". When relatives and friends come and go, they should put two green olives in the tea, which is called "gold ingot tea". Congratulations on making a fortune.
On the morning of the first day of the New Year, people in Wujin hung portraits of their ancestors in nave, offering them tea fruits and rice cakes, and the whole family paid New Year greetings in turn, which was called "worshipping the shadow of God." They are not allowed to sweep the floor from home, for fear of sweeping out the "wealth" and "wishful thinking", they can only sweep from the outside to the inside.
Jiangning people have the custom of "beating the god drum" during the Spring Festival. The flag opens the way, and the gongs and drums players beat drums all over to add fun. On the third day, "beating the night drum", the seventh day, "playing the seven drums" and the thirteenth to fifteenth day, the atmosphere is warm.
Nantong people have the custom of planting sesame stalks, holly and cypress branches at home or in front of the hall, which means that life is blooming day by day and green all the year round.
Huaiyin people also have the custom of "roasting the head wind" for their children on the sixth day of the sixth day. At night, I took my children to the field to light torches to drive away the pathogenic factors for them. While roasting, I sang: "Roast my head, wake up, roast my feet, keep my steps straight, roast my belly without diarrhea, and roast it all over my body, and the disease will never be seen."
On the eighth day of the eighth lunar month, fishermen in Wuxi took a boat to the Western Hills to worship the Yuwang Temple, praying for the protection of the water gods and offering sacrifices to the Aojing Buddha, which is called "going up?" After the demolition of Yuwang Temple, this custom gradually became indifferent.
During the Spring Festival, there are still many taboos in the old customs in Jiangsu, such as not moving scissors on the first day of the lunar new year, so as not to argue with each other; Don't move the kitchen knife to avoid being killed; Don't eat porridge, afraid of going out in the rain; Don't sweep the floor, afraid of sweeping away the wealth and so on. With the popularization of scientific knowledge, many unscientific customs are gradually forgotten; Healthy and beneficial entertainment and leisure activities have continued.
7. Guilin Spring Festival Customs
From New Year's Eve to New Year's Eve
The Spring Festival has entered the urban and rural areas of Guilin with the bell ringing at 0: 00 on February 24th of the lunar calendar/KLOC-0. From the 24th to 30th of the twelfth lunar month, people are busy buying new year's goods and cleaning the interior and exterior of the house to greet the New Year cleanly. There are many kinds of traditional foods for festivals, and they contain beautiful wishes: steamed rice cakes on the 29th of the twelfth lunar month, which are sweet, successful, meaty and well-prepared. After eating rice cakes (high), life and work in the new year are thriving and rising step by step.
At the dinner on New Year's Eve, people like family reunion. There must be "Yuan Zi" and "Joy" in the dishes, which means reunion and joy.
The Spring Festival Customs of China Minority Nationalities
China is a multi-ethnic country, with 55 ethnic minorities besides the Han nationality. Although they have different languages, scripts, lifestyles and customs, most of them celebrate the Spring Festival as a major festival of their own nation.
8. Daur nationality: annual height
The Daur people in the north have the habit of visiting the New Year. During the Spring Festival, people wear festive costumes and visit each other to congratulate each other. Every family has steamed cakes, and as soon as New Year visitors enter the door, the host treats them with steamed cakes. "Gao" is homophonic with "Gao" in Chinese, and treating each other with cakes means that their living standards will be further improved in the new year. During the festival, the Daur people also held songs and dances and sports activities, which lasted for half a month.
9. Mongolians: Wine and meat are inexhaustible.
It is a different scene for the Mongolians in the north to celebrate the Spring Festival. Before the festival, every household prepared rams, various dairy products and several jars of wine. On New Year's Eve, people put on beautiful Mongolian robes, and the whole family sat in the middle of the yurt to welcome the new year. Start drinking and eating at midnight. As a rule, you should eat more and drink more. The more wine and meat you have left, the better. This symbolizes that there is no shortage of wine and meat in the new year. On the morning of the first day of junior high school, men and women dressed in all kinds of costumes mounted on horses and rushed to "Haote" (villages and towns) in groups of three or five, stringing yurts one by one. When stringing bags, you should first kowtow to your elders, and then the son-in-law of the host family will toast the guests who come to string bags, and people will sing and dance.
X. Zhuang Nationality: Greeting Heroes
Zhuang people who live in the south of China call the Spring Festival "New Year's Day". On this day, people should congratulate each other no matter who they meet when they go out, thinking that this year can be auspicious. There is also a custom of old age among the Zhuang people, which is called "Chilijie" by the Zhuang people. The "Chili Festival" is on the 30th of this month. It is said that more than 100 years ago, a peasant armed force of the Zhuang nationality returned triumphantly after fighting against foreign invaders. At this time, the Spring Festival has passed, and the Zhuang people celebrated it for them on the 30th of this month in order to welcome them.
11. Buyi people: Girls grab the first load of water.
Buyi people who live in the southwest frontier of China keep vigil on New Year's Eve every year. At dawn, the girls are scrambling to fetch water outside the house. Whoever picks up the first load of water is the most hardworking girl. The Jingpo people there like to hold shooting activities before the Spring Festival, and the girls are the organizers and referees of this activity. They hung the embroidered purse on the bamboo pole with thread and swayed from side to side in the top of the tree, asking the young man to shoot. The girls will give the wine as a prize to whoever shoots the purse first. A purse usually contains a coin, some millet and some decorative beads as a symbol of happiness.
12. Hani: Swing.
A few days before the Spring Festival, the villages where Hani people live are already full of excitement, and the women are all busy with Baba. Baba is a cake made of glutinous rice. The boys are busy chopping bamboo up the mountain and preparing to set up a swing. The swings there are more than ten meters high, and the Hani people, regardless of sex, age and age, love to swing. During the festival, everyone wears their favorite clothes to swing, showing a lively and harmonious holiday scene everywhere.
Thirteen. Dai people: throwing chaff bags
Young Dai men and women love the game of throwing chaff bags. During the Spring Festival, boys and girls throw chaff bags at each other to see who can throw them accurately and who can catch them. After playing for a certain time, the girls quietly grabbed the broadsword, baotou cloth or tied horse worn by the young man and ran home. If the young man has feelings, follow him. When parents saw their daughter coming back with a headcloth and a fine horse, they gave a banquet.
In addition, April 13 every year is the Dai New Year, and it is also the most solemn festival of the Dai people-the Water Splashing Festival. They regard water splashing as a symbol of exorcism and decontamination, and also regard this day as the most beautiful and auspicious day.
14. Gaoshan people: "Surround the furnace"
The Gaoshan people who live in Taiwan Province Province, China, have another taste during the Spring Festival. On New Year's Eve, a family, old and young, sit around a round table with hot pot for dinner, which is called "around the stove". Women who usually don't drink at all should also take a symbolic sip of wine as a sign of good luck. Vegetables eaten around the stove need not be cut with a knife. After washing, they should be cooked with roots, indicating that they wish their parents a long life. If someone in the family goes out, you should also leave a seat vacant and put this person's clothes on the empty seat to show that the whole family misses him.
15. Manchu: Hanging the flag for the New Year.
Manchu is divided into four banners: red, yellow, blue and white. During the Spring Festival, people with red flags put up red flags, people with yellow flags put up yellow flags, people with blue flags put up blue flags and people with white flags put up white flags. These flags are beautifully patterned and brightly colored, symbolizing the auspicious beginning of the year.
During the festival, boys set off firecrackers in groups, or take a variety of self-made wooden sledges and swish on the hills and ice. Girls and young daughters-in-law wear newly-made flowery clothes, and in groups of three or five, they play galaha (knee bones of pigs or cows) in partnership. From the evening of the first day to the fifth day, people also voluntarily organize to dance the yangko to celebrate the New Year. The yangko team with strong lineup not only dances in the village, but also dances in other villages. The onlookers are often so happy that they forget fatigue and cold. There are even enthusiastic audiences-they follow the yangko team from village to village and don't return until dawn.
Sixteen. Bai nationality: "Let it rise"
During the Chinese New Year, the Bai compatriots in Yunnan have a celebration called "Flying High". The so-called "soaring" is to use the whole big bamboo and put gunpowder in the bamboo joints. After lighting, the whole big bamboo can collapse into the sky and become a veritable "soaring". In some areas, Bai compatriots, like Miao and Zhuang people, have "throwing hydrangeas" from the Spring Festival to the Lantern Festival. Anyone who can't catch the hydrangea should give the other party a souvenir. Those who miss the ball many times and can't redeem the souvenir show that they accept the other party's love.
17. Dong people: Lusheng Society
During the Spring Festival, a mass activity called "Dong Year" (also called Lushenghui) prevailed among Dong compatriots in Guizhou and Hunan. This activity is similar to the "group worship" of the Han nationality, but it is more joyful and enthusiastic than the "group worship". This kind of activity is usually held by two villages. The two teams formally held a Lusheng Song and Dance Competition in the square. At this time, the audience of the two villages danced and enjoyed themselves with the music.
18. Yi people: Tiaohu
The Yi people in Maidichong, Shuangbai County, Yunnan Province, have a special custom of "jumping the tiger festival" during the Spring Festival. On the eighth day of the first month, adult men in the village gathered at the site of the land temple behind the village to kill dogs and offer "Mi Si" ("Mi" means soil, "Si" means master, and Mi Si means god), and then "Bimo" in the village offered sacrifices to the land owner to invite the tiger god. Eight villagers dressed up as tigers and danced. The "tigers" had towering ears, thick tails and tiger stripes all over their bodies. They drew a Chinese character "Wang" on their foreheads and hung a big bronze bell around their necks, which was majestic. After "Bimo" said a farewell ceremony and invited the tiger god, the tiger king led all the tigers into the village. Throughout the Tiger Jumping Festival, the whole village, men, women and children, were immersed in a joyful atmosphere of welcoming tigers, sending them away, watching them jump and driving away evil ghosts. The local people were convinced that only through the annual traditional tiger jumping, offering sacrifices to the tiger gods and praying for the blessings of their ancestors, all the villagers could have a bumper harvest, a prosperous population and more happiness every year.
XIX. Sani: Eating glutinous rice balls.
On New Year's Eve, Sani is called "thinking period". On New Year's Eve, it is very solemn to offer sacrifices to one's ancestors and have a new year's meal. In the afternoon, green branches are inserted in front of every house, and a straw hat is hung on the branches. This is a silent notice: please don't enter! No talking! Even people in the family are not allowed to talk loudly.
There is an interesting phenomenon in Sani language: "Tangyuan" and "Celebrating the New Year" are the same word, called "Kuanqima". Because you must eat glutinous rice balls in the New Year. For half a month from the first day of the first month, people indulge in joy. A bonfire party was held on the evening of the first day of junior high school, with folk songs duet and three-stringed Hu solo, which was simple and lyrical. Bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang bang.
Sacrifice the mountain gods on the second day, and send Mars on the fourth day in order to drive away disasters and show human strength.
On the afternoon of the second day of the Spring Festival every year, farmers should take the cow out, walk around the heart of the village several times, and wear flowers tied with red cloth on its forehead to show their respect for its one-year contribution. I also fed it rice and fat pork to show my comfort to my close partner.
Sani people have activities of offering sacrifices to their ancestors from New Year's Eve to the fifth day. From their admiration and nostalgia for their ancestors, we can find the cohesion of this nation and the beautiful things in traditional morality.