Bergamot is the flower and bud of bergamot. )Swingle。

Bergamot is also known as nine-claw wood, five-finger orange and bergamot. It is a small evergreen tree of Rutaceae. Location: Fujian, Guangdong, Sichuan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places.

Bergamot not only has high ornamental value, but also has precious medicinal and economic value. Bergamot is full of treasures, and roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits can be used as medicine. It is pungent, bitter, sweet, warm and non-toxic. It enters the three meridians of liver, spleen and stomach, and has many medicinal functions, such as regulating qi, resolving phlegm, relieving cough and swelling, soothing the liver, strengthening the spleen and regulating the stomach. According to historical records, the root of bergamot can cure men's weakness and limb weakness; Flowers and fruits can be used to make tea, which has the function of degassing; Fruit can cure stomach diseases, vomiting, burping, hypertension, tracheitis, asthma and other diseases. According to Neijing, bergamot has the functions of treating swelling and pain, women's vaginal discharge and sobering up, and it is the main raw material for preparing bergamot Chinese patent medicine.

Cultivation techniques:

1, soil selection:

Bergamot likes loose, fertile and well-drained acidic soil conditions. Potted soil should be mixed with loose sand and red and yellow loam, and appropriate amount of decomposed organic fertilizer should be added. Viscous alkaline soil is not conducive to its growth and development. Potted soil can be prepared with 60% coarse sand, 20% decomposed organic fertilizer and 20% field soil.

2. Colonization:

First of all, we should select the seedlings, and require the period when the roots are developed, strong and evenly branched, sowing in autumn from September to 10, and sowing in spring from late February to early April. Pruning and root cutting should be carried out before the pot is placed to keep the fibrous roots intact.

3. Water:

After the fingered citron seedlings are put into the pot, they should be thoroughly watered immediately. When the soil is dry, water them to keep the soil moist, but prevent the waterlogging in the basin from affecting the root growth. Watering is the key to the success of bergamot. After April-May, the temperature rises, the bergamot grows rapidly, and the water demand increases. Summer is hot and hot. In addition to keeping the soil in the basin moist, it is also necessary to spray water around to maintain a certain environmental humidity. In autumn, the temperature gradually drops, and the amount of watering can be gradually reduced; In winter, when trees enter dormancy, they should be moved into the greenhouse, and the pots should be kept moist to prevent them from being too wet and too dry, so as to avoid root rot or plant wilting. The water of bergamot should also be handled flexibly according to the specific conditions of seedlings, and young trees should be watered less and strong trees should be watered more; It is not advisable to water the fruit during the expansion period to avoid falling fruit.

4, fertilization:

Combining watering and topdressing, the fertilization of potted bergamot can be divided into four different stages in a year: one is to apply thin fertilizer every seven days from vernal equinox to awn seeds, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can also be used as topdressing outside the roots to enhance the tree vigor. Second, the flowering period and fruiting period are between the awn seed and the summer heat, and the fertilizer content can be thicker than before by fertilizing once every 3-5 days. At this time, more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied, and artificial pollination can be carried out with the goal of more flowers and less fruit drop. Third, between the high temperature in summer and the autumnal equinox, fruit is a bergamot.

Now it is the expansion period, so apply more compound fertilizers such as potassium and phosphorus and less nitrogen fertilizer, otherwise the fruit will delay ripening. Fourth, during the period from the Millennium to the first frost, dilute phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were applied after fruit picking, watering and nitrogen fertilizer were controlled, tree vigor was restored, and flower bud differentiation was promoted. In short, it is necessary to control the fertilizer and water in the early stage of fruiting and increase the fertilizer and water in the fruit expansion period.

5, pruning:

After the Buddha put his hand on the basin, he began to grow mainly by nutrition, and the terminal buds kept growing without self-cutting. Therefore, we should pay attention to the core removal of the main shoot, promote branching and dwarf the crown. Sparse the weak branches, adjust the tree posture and beautify the tree potential by combining the methods of supporting, pulling and hanging. After fruiting, according to the growth and fruiting potential, the buds are smeared in spring and summer, resulting in topping of branches, thinning of flowers and fruits, promoting the balance of branches and fruits in each period and preventing the phenomenon of big and small years.

6, cold:

The cold resistance of bergamot is worse than that of ordinary citrus. When it encounters low temperature, it will shed a lot of leaves and freeze the branches, which will affect the flowering, fruit setting and growth and development in the coming year. Therefore, bergamot should increase the indoor air temperature and humidity after entering the room in winter to enhance the resistance of the tree.

7, pest control:

Sooty blotch is the main disease of bergamot, which is caused by saprophytic fungi, so that the branches and leaves are densely covered with auricularia auricula, which affects the photosynthesis of leaves. It can be prevented and treated with 50% deuterium oil 800 times solution or carbendazim. Pests mainly include aphids and scale insects. In May-June and August-September, when aphids harm the young leaves at the top of bergamot branches, add 500 times of 50% carbaryl into the pot. From June to July, red spider is easy to damage leaves in dry and hot weather, and 40% dimethoate 1000 times solution can be sprayed for control after it is found.