Its raw materials grow widely and are easy to obtain and make, so the straw weaving technology is very popular in China.

At present, the earliest straw-woven cultural relics in China were made by Hemudu people, 7000 years ago.

According to the Book of Rites, by the Zhou Dynasty, there were already ten thousand seats made of ten thousand cattails, and there were also professional "grass workers" who were "tools for making reeds".

In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, people began to use hats made by Ma Xuan and Pucao.

During the Qin and Han dynasties, straw weaving was widely used by the people, including straw sandals, straw mats, straw fans, straw curtains and futons, for monks and believers to meditate.

From the Han Dynasty to the prosperous Tang Dynasty, straw weaving also developed.

Besides Pubu and Puxie, there are Pufan.

Most of the raw materials for straw weaving in the Yangtze River Basin are wild yellow grass, perilla grass, mat grass (Ailanthus altissima), Hypericum japonicum, cattail, Chinese alpine rush, iris, weeds, recommended grass, bamboo shells, bamboo shells and so on. There are also some artificially cultivated crop straws that are also raw materials.

Grass suitable for straw weaving has smooth stems, few nodes, delicate and flexible texture, strong tensile force and folding resistance; The collected and cut grasses should be selected, tidied and preliminarily processed before being compiled.

Straw mats, sandals and other daily necessities are the most distinctive in the Yangtze River valley, which are distributed in Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places. Zhejiang is the rice straw production base in China, and it has been exported to foreign countries since11940s.

(1) mat

Jiangsu in the south of the Yangtze River, Pu in Yizheng and Ning in Zhejiang are called "the three famous seats in China".

Puxi Town has a history of "three bays, nine wells and eighteen lanes, and every household is busy making seats". The summer sleeping mat produced in Puxi Town is strong in hemp and tendons, exquisite in weaving, smooth in surface and consistent in color, and has the reputation of "standing upright and watertight, not bad for 20 years".

At present, China Puxi City, the largest straw mat trading center in East China, has been built locally.

Jiangsu Puxi, produced in Puxi Village, Yizheng, Jiangsu Province, is characterized by strict grass selection, strong hemp and tendons, exquisite weaving, close arrangement, smooth surface and durability.

People call it "standing, filling water without leakage, not bad for 20 years"

Suzhou Tiger Beard Mat, produced in Qing Dynasty, is a straw mat near Suzhou Tiger Hill.

Lu Gu's "Leaning on the Bridge": "It is better to lick the straw mat and get out of the tiger hill." Kangu

There are only one or two shops in Shantang.

There are two kinds of mats: Puxi and Maoxi.

In the past, residents around the mountain planted all kinds of grass and woven mats, which were called' tiger beard mats' in all directions. They were extremely exquisite and could not be found anywhere else.

Today, people who plant straw mats are very important in Huguan, but there are still mat weavers in the place names of Huqiu.

Gracilaria lemaneiformis mat in Linwu, Hunan, mat in Lutian, mat in Qiyang and mat (carpet) recommended by Mianyang, Hubei are also famous.

(2) Straw sandals

Straw sandals are woven from straw and are the product of rice culture.

The production of straw sandals is very simple, just punch holes in the sole, then wrap the toe with straw rope, and then wrap the heel with straw rope.

This kind of shoes is cheap and easy to walk. They can wear them for daily work in the mountains and fields. At night, if the soles are worn out, they will be discarded. So it is also called "Don't hesitate" and "Don't borrow". One pair a day, updated every day.

According to legend, straw sandals began in the Xia Dynasty, and princes and nobles also wore straw sandals during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

Zhuangzi, a great thinker, not only knitted himself, but also went to see Wang Wei in rags.

After the Eastern Han Dynasty, the nobles of the princes and grandchildren stopped wearing them, and straw sandals became common things for private use.

A down-and-out scholar once wrote the word "straw sandals": "When I was young, I was old and yellow, and everything was in pairs.

If you can fight, you will unite, but you are afraid of others saying short words.

I'll take care of sex, but unfortunately I can't get into the blue room; One day, my stomach will break and I will abandon the old and love the new. "It is a metaphor of straw sandals, which makes people feel deeply.

There are many kinds of straw sandals in the Yangtze River valley. Shoes woven with cloth instead of grass are called "cloth sandals", those woven with hemp are called "hemp sandals" and those woven with kudzu vine are called "kudzu vine sandals".

The shapes are similar, and they are all suitable for walking on steep stone walls, rugged mountain roads, moss stone roads and muddy ridges.

Shoes made of bamboo shells in mountainous areas are sharp and durable in rainy days, and are mostly used by mountain people.

"Puxie" made of cattail grass has a boat-shaped upper, which is better than straw sandals, and is worn by small businessmen and shop assistants.

Sichuan Hanzhou straw sandals were originally made of straw as the main raw material, with several hemp ropes as warp and straw as weft.

Later, for the sake of beauty, the hemp rope nose was changed into colored silk thread, and the hemp rope for tying shoes was changed into colored ribbon.

It is said that these comfortable and light sandals were once favored by Emperor Qianlong. In the past, hundreds of pairs of silk sandals were presented to local people every summer.

Since then, there have been more women knitting straw sandals in Hangzhou, and their skills have been constantly improved.

Hanzhou Prefecture also set up a straw shoe market on the left side opposite Yamenkou, which is convenient for officials to choose tribute shoes.

Nantong produces a kind of wool boots, also known as "Puxie", which are twisted into flower ropes with reed flowers. It is a practical handicraft with good warm-keeping effect.

Wutai Village, Wuzong Township, Nantong County is a "Maoxie Village". In the past, there were many ravines and the soil was cold and alkaline.

Very suitable for the growth of reeds.

As the main raw material of reed boots, reed flowers are easy to obtain.

Because the materials for making reed boots are easily available, the process is simple, and it can keep out cold and damp, so it is easy to popularize.

Men, women and children make it up here.

Generally the soles of boots are made before early spring.

When reeds bloom in summer, they are picked and dried in the sun. They are embedded in the soles of boots and made into a pair of thick, generous and exquisite woolen boots along the edge of blue printed cloth.

Hairy crab is a famous local sideline.

(3) Others

Shanghai Jiading straw weaving is famous for its daily handicrafts.

Jiading straw weaving takes yellow grass as raw material.

Yellow grass belongs to monocotyledonous plant class Cyperaceae, which is native to Tantou River near Dongcheng Bridge Town, Jiading. There is a saying that "a famous city is rich in yellow grass".

Yellow grass stems are smooth and flexible, and local residents have used them to weave sandals since the Ming Dynasty.

The establishment of yellow grass was very developed in Guangxu period.

In modern times, yellow grass has developed into artificial cultivation.

Knitting varieties include hats, bags, bags, blankets and so on.

Simple and beautiful colors, cheap, light and durable.

Zhejiang Cixi Changhe, Taizhou, Wenzhou, Huangyan and other places also have rich straw weaving techniques, including daily necessities and various toys.

The straw weaving in the Yellow River basin is represented by Shandong and Henan, among which Shandong is particularly prosperous.

According to 1959 pottery unearthed from Dawenkou cultural site in Tai 'an City, folk straw weaving in Shandong Province existed as early as 6000 years ago.

Folk straw weaving technology can be divided into wheat straw weaving, corn husk weaving, cattail grass weaving, Langya straw weaving, horse mixed straw weaving, triangle straw weaving, straw weaving, hemp weaving, mountain arrow grass (also known as "oil grass" in folk) weaving and so on.

Among them, wheat straw, corn husk and cattail are the most common.

According to the use of knitted fabrics, there are baskets, baskets, boxes, plates, boxes, tea mats, cushions, baskets, rice bags, hedges, vegetable screens, pot covers, fans, flowerpot covers, wastebaskets, letter plugs, teacups, grass toys and so on. There are straw hats (including hats, children's hats, hats, sun hats and hemp hats), straw sandals (including traditional "Puwo" worn in winter, as well as various slippers and sandals), hemp fibers, corn skin sweaters and so on. And grass screens. Buy furniture. Building and interior decoration includes grass carpet, lamp umbrella, wall decoration paper, grass wallpaper, etc.

There are also various kinds of grass braids as semi-finished products.

According to technical classification, there are many kinds of goods, including textiles, buildings, skewers and nails.

Straw weaving, as a kind of traditional arts and crafts and farm handicrafts, is spread all over Shandong Province, with Yantai, Weifang, Binzhou, Liaocheng, Qingdao and Jinan as the concentrated areas.

Shahe, Yexian County, Yantai City, was the early distribution center of straw-woven goods in China, and it is still a very active place for straw-woven production.

Straw woven from wheat straw, straw mats, straw hats and boxes here still have traditional characteristics.

"Shahe Yellow", "Shahe White" and "Thousand Braids" are famous at home and abroad for their regular craftsmanship and exquisite production.

But in recent years, the main products of Yantai straw weaving have changed from wheat straw weaving products to corn husk weaving products. The corn husk carpets in Haiyang and Rushan, the "Ma Lian Stack" basket in Haiyang, the pole-winding basket in Longkou and the corn husk curtains in Zhaoyuan are all very distinctive hot-selling products.

Changyi County, Weifang City is famous for its hand-woven straw hats, and the local golden straw hats are even more famous. So far, rural women in this county can weave all kinds of straw hats by hand.

Tancheng county in Linyi area is a famous place of producing Aralia elata woven goods.

Langya grass, also known as yellow grass, is called "Langya grass" because its main producing area is Langya County in Qin Dynasty.

The leaves of Langya grass are slender, soft and elastic, which is very suitable for weaving. Local people have used them to weave straw sandals for generations.

19 13, local Yang Xitang and others created a straw hat weaving process with Langya grass as the warp and weft on the basis of folk weaving methods, thus making the straw hat woven by Langya grass famous all over the world.

Langya straw weaving techniques are diverse: the rhythm of "eye weaving" is harmonious, the eagle claw pattern is lively and dynamic, and the style of "rope weaving" is ethereal. The combination of several knitting methods has the effect of combining reality with reality, combining density with density, and combining light with shade. In addition to straw hats, Langya grass products include slippers, baskets, tea cups, fruit boxes, flower boxes and so on.

Pingdu city is also a traditional area of Shandong straw weaving production, and its products are characterized by straw weaving and straw tea mats.

Pucao tea mats and cushions woven by twisting technology in Boxing County, Binzhou area are quite distinctive. In recent years, all kinds of straw wall mats have been made from reeds and cattail, which makes the traditional straw woven into the indoor building materials of modern buildings.

Shandong straw weaving technology is very rich, including braiding, flat braiding, twisting braiding, flower braiding (such as "iris overlap", "sleeve buckle", "chain buckle", "small wave", "cross buckle", "herringbone buckle" and "plum buckle"), cone masonry, series connection and series connection.

With the improvement of modern science and technology, all kinds of mechanical products and synthetic materials are flooding all fields of human life, which not only challenges straw technology, but also faces great development opportunities, because on the one hand, mechanical products and synthetic materials have replaced grass products in some fields; On the other hand, people in some industrialized countries are generally tired of mechanical products, and they are increasingly interested in handicrafts using natural raw materials. Some people put forward the slogan of "returning to nature", which doubled the value of straw crafts and increasingly involved more aspects of people's lives.

Shandong straw weaving, a handicraft with profound history and folk tradition, will become a modern folk handicraft with the style of the times in the hands of creative Shandong people, weaving happiness, harmony and happiness for the modern life of all mankind.

Rural farmers use cattail, reed, wheat straw, sorghum straw, corn husk and so on. As a raw material for hand-woven cattails (shoes), door curtains, futons (mats), hats and mats.

Most of them are self-made or traded in the nearest market.

From 65438 to 0900, overseas Chinese businessmen in Nanyang organized straw weaving production in Pingdu and other places, which made the straw weaving industry flourish.

Its products include straw knitting, split knitting and pattern knitting.

Soon, it was imported from abroad and straw hats were processed locally.

However, a few straw hats are sold in the domestic market, and most of the products are sold to Germany, Southeast Asian countries and Hong Kong and Macao.

Straw weaving industry has been rapidly restored and developed. Straw weaving has been bleached and dyed, and various straw hats have been made by machines.

198 1 year, it produced and exported 385,900 straw hats, 303,400 grass tea mats, 372,800 pairs of cornskin slippers, 68 grass baskets, 623,000 machine-nailed grass baskets and 202,500 grass mats, with a total output value of 5,747.79.

1986 produced and exported 300,000 baskets of various grasses, and the export value reached1178,000 yuan.

Pattern braids are divided into two categories: round grass braids and grass braids, with more than 2,000 varieties of colors.

Pattern braid is the raw material of grass handicrafts, which can be processed into various grass handicrafts, such as baskets, straw hats, wall mats, lampshades, door curtains and so on.

At the same time, it can also be directly exported to the Federal Republic of Germany, Southeast Asia, Hong Kong and Macao.

In the 1980s, the annual export volume reached about 4,000 bales.

Since the liberation of hand-woven straw baskets, there have been more than 2000 varieties of hand-woven straw baskets.

Straw baskets can be used to hold articles and have high ornamental value.

Most of the hand-woven straw baskets produced in Qingdao are exported.

Straw hats At that time, artisans processed straw hats with Hypericum chinense imported from the Philippines, which were mainly exported except Shenyang and Tianjin.

After liberation, straw hats can be divided into three categories: hand-woven hats, bracelet hats and machine-nailed hats.

Its main raw materials are Langya grass, wheat straw, kenaf, corn husk and so on.

Straw hats have both practical and ornamental values and are well received by consumers.

Herbal tea mats are practical, mostly 4 ~ 18 inches in size; The other is an ornamental decorative hanging mat, which can be designed in size and pattern according to needs.

A few herbal tea mats are sold in China, and most of them are exported to more than 20 countries.

1986, with an annual output of about 500,000 dozen.

The main raw materials of straw mats are corn husk and cattail grass, which are divided into soft and hard categories.

The main products are sofa cushions, chair and stool cushions, car cushions, etc.

Straw door curtain, the main raw material is corn husk, and there are two kinds of products: straw strip vertical net and strip horizontal net.

Products are mainly sold in the domestic market.

Grass carpet The grass carpet produced in Qingdao is mainly made of corn husk, cattail and thatch.

Products are divided into two categories: single pattern and continuous pattern, which can be used for floor laying and wall decoration.

Grass miscellaneous products include hundreds of designs and colors, such as grass baskets, plates, paper baskets, wall mats and stickers.

Grass miscellaneous products are both practical and ornamental.

1986, the annual output is about 200,000 pieces, and the products are mainly sold in China.

In addition to the above-mentioned straw crafts, other grass miscellaneous handicrafts mainly include baskets, plates, baskets and paintings.