In the early Taiwan Province society, ghosts were regarded as the source of social unrest. Therefore, in order to appease the ghosts who have no sacrifices, people hold a Purdue ceremony integrating Buddhism and Taoism every year in July of the lunar calendar to settle these ghosts who have no sacrifices in hell.
The month-long ceremony not only represented the awe of the early society, but also conveyed the Taiwan Province people's sympathy for the orphans who died in a foreign land, which contained religious feelings and fraternal feelings of their compatriots. After the 19th century, the Purdue Festival has become an important medium for social networking in Taiwan Province.
Purdue ceremony combining Taoist and Buddhist beliefs Today's Purdue in July of the lunar calendar is not only the belief of the Han people, but also the thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism, so Purdue in July is often called "Purdue in Zhongyuan" or "Orchid Club". The name of "Purdue in the Mid-Yuan Dynasty" is related to the Taoist thought. Among the Taoist gods, there are heavenly officials, local officials and water officials. The local officials are in charge of forgiving sins. On the 15th day of the seventh lunar month (that is, the Mid-Yuan Day), the gods only came to earth on their birthdays, and the good and evil of people were blessed, while the wandering ghosts were considered to be guilty, so they asked the Taoist priests to be a scientific instrument to save the orphans.
The "Bonsai" is a Chinese translation of Sanskrit, which means giving food to save suffering. Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism, told his disciple Mulian that on July 15th, a pot filled with five fruits and various flavors offered ten great virtues to save his mother from starvation, and it gradually became an important festival in Buddhism. Due to the infiltration of Buddhism and Taoism, Pudu in the Middle Yuan Dynasty also had different rituals between Buddhism and Taoism.
Purdue ceremonies are mainly divided into: inviting ghosts, giving food, chanting scriptures and exorcising ghosts. Inviting ghosts is to open the gate of ghosts and welcome the ghosts of the underworld to the dead. In order to make the ghosts come to the world smoothly from the dark hell, people erected lanterns and hung lanterns in front of the temple to guide the ghosts. The higher the lamp pole, the wider the lighting range, and the more orphans and ghosts will come to eat. Therefore, temples must measure the degree of food they can provide, so as to avoid "more ghosts and less porridge", which will cause ghosts' resentment and add disaster to the world.
In addition to the vertical lanterns on land, there is also a ceremony of releasing water lanterns in the water, which illuminates the drowning ghosts in the water. Fearing that the ghosts who come to the dead can't satisfy their appetite, prudent markets such as Lugang, after the ghost gate is opened, street people take turns to provide food and sacrifice on a daily basis to ensure peace.
"Giving food" is the most important ceremony in Purdue, and believers offer rich meals to satisfy the orphans. In addition to food, we also prepare warp clothes (that is, new clothes) for them to spend a short and comfortable life in the dead. The food given to ghosts, because of scientific ceremonies, is believed by believers to bring good luck after eating, so there is a "orphan-grabbing" activity to grab tributes, forming the most lively picture in the process of Purdue.
In addition to giving food, we also recite scriptures for these ghosts, so that they can reach the promised land in transcend. The end of Purdue is the "Ghost Gate" on the 29th day of the seventh lunar month. On this evening, people prepare dishes in front of their homes to "bid farewell" to the orphans, and the lanterns in front of the temple will also be removed to announce the end of Purdue. Sometimes temples are afraid that lonely ghosts will linger in the underworld and harm people in the dead, so they specially invite Zhong Kui to detain them late at night to ensure local peace.
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