Pharyngitis is mainly divided into acute pharyngitis, chronic pharyngitis and atrophic pharyngitis. Acute pharyngitis is an acute inflammation of pharyngeal mucosa, submucosa tissue and its lymphoid tissue, which is often a part of upper respiratory tract infection. It can occur alone or secondary to acute rhinitis. It mostly happens at the turn of autumn and winter and winter and spring. Chronic pharyngitis is a chronic inflammation of pharyngeal mucosa, submucosa and lymphoid tissue, which is often a part of chronic inflammation of upper respiratory tract. More common in adults, the course of disease is long, the symptoms are stubborn and difficult to cure. Atrophic pharyngitis often spreads from atrophic rhinitis, with unknown etiology and rare clinical manifestations.
Chinese name: Pharyngeal inflammation type: inflammation of pharynx and larynx. Diet: mild etiology: pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis methods, treatment methods, diet conditioning, prevention and treatment methods, and etiology of acute pharyngitis: (1) Coxsackie virus, adenovirus and parainfluenza virus are the most common viral infections, followed by rhinovirus and influenza virus, and viruses are mostly caused by droplets and close contact. (2) Streptococcus, Staphylococcus and Pneumococcus are the main bacterial infections, among which Group A Streptococcus has more severe symptoms. If bacteria or toxins enter the blood, even purulent lesions of distant organs appear, which is called acute septic pharyngitis. (3) Physical and chemical factors such as high temperature, dust, smoke and * * gas. Etiology of chronic pharyngitis: (1) Local factors ① Recurrent acute pharyngitis becomes chronic. ② Chronic inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, such as chronic sinusitis and nasopharyngeal inflammation, can cause chronic pharyngitis because its inflammatory secretions flow to the mucosa of the posterior pharyngeal wall through the posterior nostril, or because the patient opens his mouth for a long time, resulting in excessive dryness of the mucosa. In addition, chronic tonsillitis and dental caries can also cause chronic pharyngitis. ③ Long-term excessive smoking and drinking, or exposure to dust and harmful gases can cause this disease. ④ Occupational factors (teachers, singers, etc.). Physical factors may also be the cause of the disease. (2) Systemic factors include various chronic diseases, such as anemia, dyspepsia, reflux esophagitis, cardiovascular diseases, chronic lower respiratory tract inflammation, liver and kidney diseases, etc. , will cause this disease. In addition, endocrine disorders, autonomic nervous dysfunction, vitamin deficiency and immune dysfunction are all related to this disease. Etiology of atrophic pharyngitis: Atrophic pharyngitis often spreads from atrophic rhinitis, and the cause is unknown. The clinical manifestations of acute pharyngitis are more acute. At first, my throat was dry and hot, and then I had a sore throat. Sore throat is often more obvious when empty than when eating, and the pain can radiate to the ears. General symptoms are generally mild, but the degree varies with age, immunity and virulence of viruses and bacteria. Severe symptoms include fever, headache, loss of appetite and sore limbs. The average course of disease is about l weeks. Acute diffuse congestion of oropharynx and nasopharyngeal mucosa, edema of palatal arch and uvula, swelling of lymphatic follicles and parapharyngeal cord in posterior pharyngeal wall can be seen. When bacterial infection occurs, yellow-white punctate exudates can appear in the center of lymphatic follicles in the posterior pharyngeal wall. Submandibular lymph nodes are swollen and tender. Patients with chronic pharyngitis may feel discomfort in the pharynx, such as foreign body sensation, burning sensation, dryness, itching sensation, * * sensation and slight pain. Because the posterior pharyngeal wall often has thick secretions, frequent cough often occurs in the morning, which can cause nausea in severe cases, and cough often has no secretions. The above symptoms vary from person to person, with different severity, and are often aggravated when you use your voice too much, catch a cold or get tired. General symptoms are generally not obvious. The examination showed that chronic simple pharyngitis showed diffuse mucosal congestion, vasodilation and dark red color, and a little sticky secretion was often attached to the posterior pharyngeal wall. The uvula thickens and droops like an earthworm, sometimes touching the base of the tongue. Chronic hypertrophic pharyngitis can be seen as mucosal hypertrophy and diffuse congestion. There are many granular raised lymph follicles in the posterior pharyngeal wall, which can be scattered or fused into blocks. There is also congestion and hypertrophy in both pharyngeal cords. Patients with atrophic pharyngitis feel dry throat and sometimes cough up smelly scabs. Examination shows that the pharyngeal mucosa is dry, atrophic and thin, pale and shiny, and there are often sticky mucus or smelly yellow-brown scabs on the pharyngeal mucosa. According to the history, symptoms and local examination, the diagnosis method is not difficult. In order to identify pathogenic bacteria, pharyngeal bacteria culture can be carried out. Attention should be paid to whether acute pharyngitis is a precursor or accompanying symptom of acute infectious diseases (such as measles, scarlet fever, influenza and whooping cough), especially for children. In addition, if pseudomembranous necrosis occurs in the mouth, pharynx and tonsils, blood tests should be carried out to rule out blood diseases. Acute pharyngitis can cause otitis media, sinusitis, laryngitis, tracheobronchitis and pneumonia. If pathogenic bacteria and their toxins invade the blood circulation, they can cause systemic complications such as acute nephritis, rheumatic fever and septicemia. Early malignant lesions of nose, pharynx, larynx, esophagus and neck only have symptoms similar to chronic pharyngitis. Hidden lesions in these parts should be excluded and comprehensive and detailed examination should be carried out to avoid misdiagnosis. Atrophic pharyngitis should be differentiated from Sjogren's syndrome, which includes dry throat, dry eye and connective tissue diseases, and serological examination can make a definite diagnosis. Treatment of acute pharyngitis (1) Patients with severe infection and obvious systemic symptoms should stay in bed, drink plenty of water and eat fluids, choose antiviral drugs and antibiotics or sulfonamides, or use traditional Chinese medicine preparations with antiviral and antibacterial effects. (2) Patients with mild or no systemic symptoms can be treated locally: gargle with compound borax solution, and take Dumifen Runhou tablets, iodine buccal tablets, Yinhuang buccal tablets, etc. 4~6 tablets a day. In addition, 1%~3% iodine glycerin and 2% silver nitrate can be used to smear the swollen lymph follicles in the posterior pharyngeal wall, which has anti-inflammatory effect. Treatment of chronic pharyngitis (1) It is very important to remove the etiology, quit smoking and drinking, improve the working and living environment (avoid dust and harmful gases), actively treat chronic inflammation of nose and nasopharynx, correct constipation and indigestion, and treat systemic diseases to enhance resistance. (2) Chinese medicine Chinese medicine believes that chronic pharyngitis is caused by yin deficiency and excessive fire, which leads to throat dystrophy. It is advisable to nourish yin and reduce fire, and add and subtract with zengye decoction. You can also use a proper amount of Hua Shuang and Ophiopogon japonicus, add two boat-fruited Sterculia, and use boiled water instead of tea. (3) Local treatment ① Chronic simple pharyngitis: gargle with compound borax solution, nitrofurazone solution and 2% boric acid solution, or use throat moistening tablets, such as iodine throat moistening tablets, mint throat moistening tablets, Yinhuang buccal tablets and taking Liushen pills and Jinsangyinqing pills. ② Chronic hypertrophic pharyngitis: In addition to the above treatment, the lymphatic follicles in the posterior pharyngeal wall need to be treated. Hypertrophic lymph follicles can be cauterized by chemical drugs such as 10% silver nitrate solution, or treated by freezing or laser. However, the scope of treatment should not be too large and too deep to prevent dryness of pharynx and atrophy of pharyngeal mucosa in the future. Atrophic pharyngitis can be treated by applying a small dose of iodine (2% iodine glycerin) on the mucosa of posterior pharyngeal wall, which can promote gland secretion and improve dryness symptoms. Atomization therapy can also relieve the symptoms of dryness. Taking vitamins A, B2, C and E can promote the growth of mucosal epithelium. Treatment folk prescription watermelon skin soup Eat watermelon, don't throw away watermelon skin. Used to boil soup, the specific dosage is 250 grams of melon skin and two bowls of water. Add a little sugar when cooking, and let it cool before drinking, which has the effect of treating throat inflammation. Sydney Siraitia grosvenorii can also cure pharyngitis. Take 1 Sydney and half of Siraitia grosvenorii. Wash Sydney and Siraitia grosvenorii separately, then chop the core together with a belt, put it in a casserole with Siraitia grosvenorii, add water, cook for about half an hour, remove the residue and drink soup. Pear-japonica rice porridge Pear-japonica rice porridge has a good effect on treating throat inflammation, throat itching and cough, and foreign body sensation. Take 3 pears, japonica rice 100g, and 60g rock sugar. Wash pears, peel and core, cut into pieces, wash glutinous rice, put the two flavors in a pot, add rock sugar, add water to cook porridge, and eat pear porridge. 65438+ can take effect 0 ~ 2 times a day for 3 days. Honey tea takes 20g of tea and 20g of honey. Put the tea in a small gauze bag, put it in a cup, make tea with boiling water, let it cool, add honey and stir well, rinse your mouth with this solution every half hour and swallow it, and keep it for 3 days after the drug effect. After diet conditioning autumn pears entered autumn, autumn pears went on the market in large quantities. It can be said that autumn pear is the most representative autumn fruit, which is naturally beneficial to autumn health care. Many people often have symptoms such as cough, sore throat and getting angry in autumn. Experts pointed out that this is related to the dry climate in autumn, and you should eat more food that nourishes yin and moistens dryness in autumn. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that pears have the effects of promoting fluid production to quench thirst, relieving cough and resolving phlegm, and clearing away heat and reducing fire, which is very suitable for patients with fever in winter. Especially for some patients with lung heat cough, dry throat and sore throat, dry stool and other symptoms in autumn, autumn pear also has a very effective role in helping digestion, relieving fever and diuresis. In normal life, you can eat more autumn pears in moderation regardless of whether you have symptoms such as sore throat. Apple is a common fruit all year round, but eating apples in different seasons has different effects. Eating more apples in dry autumn can not only effectively relieve constipation and get angry, but also effectively treat symptoms such as sore throat. Chinese medicine points out that apples have the functions of invigorating spleen and nourishing stomach yin, promoting fluid production to quench thirst, moistening lung and pleasing heart, and also have the function of protecting cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health in daily life, so apples have always been called the god of cardiovascular health protection. Moreover, eating more apples can also improve the respiratory system and lung function, especially those who sit in front of the computer for a long time, and should eat apples more often. It can combine with radioactive elements in the body, thus expelling them from the body. Kiwifruit Kiwifruit is recognized as a healthy fruit, especially with the richest vitamin content. It even has the reputation of "the king of vitamin C" and "the king of all kinds of fruits". Through research, it is found that kiwifruit not only contains a lot of vitamin C, but also contains serum accelerant. Proper consumption can help us to stabilize our mood and calm down. In addition, kiwifruit is rich in dietary fiber, which can promote heart health and help digestion. Therefore, experts suggest that some patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases should usually eat more kiwifruit. Chinese medicine believes that kiwifruit is sour, sweet and cold, and it also has a very effective effect of promoting fluid production, moistening dryness, relieving fever and relieving annoyance when eaten properly, so people who often get angry in autumn should eat more. Kiwi is definitely the best choice for sore throat. Grapefruit Grapefruit is the most common in southern China. It is not only slightly bitter and sweet, but also popular because of its rich juice and vitamin C. Moreover, grapefruit is rich in natural pectin, which can reduce the content of cholesterol and has a very effective absorption effect on calcium and iron. Prevention and treatment: Western medicine anti-inflammatory drugs can be used according to the doctor's advice, and Chinese medicine preparations such as honeysuckle and boat-fruited Sterculia can also be used for treatment. Eat light food when your throat is inflamed, and stay away from spicy and * * * food. Drink water in moderation at ordinary times, increase water intake in the body, and drink more tea and water. Don't drink too much, don't smoke, and don't eat spicy food often. Eat more light, fresh, tender and juicy foods in your daily diet, such as oranges, pineapples, sugar cane, olives, pears and apples. Residential buildings need fresh air to live and work. Patients with chronic pharyngitis should keep moist indoor air fresh. Don't smoke indoors, and don't put anything with bad smell indoors. Healthy household heating stove, put a pot of water on the stove to improve the dry environment. Acute pharyngitis is caused by colds, viruses and bacteria, which are easy to attack the throat. Recurrent acute pharyngitis and chronic pharyngitis. Pay attention to combining work and rest. "Su Wen Gu Naive Theory" said: "Ancient people, knowing it, learning Yin and Yang, and the tactics of harmony, eating moderately, living regularly, and not moving, can be in harmony with God and die at the age of 100." It means that people who are overworked will get hurt and get sick. The normal environment says that the losses caused by gas, liquid and gas are more harmful. Improper use of sound, excessive use of sound, long-term continuous treatment of negative pharyngitis in lectures and concerts. Exercise can enhance physical fitness through exercise, reduce the chance of catching a cold and prevent pharyngitis. Optional swimming, Tai Ji Chuan, jogging and other sports. Pay attention to the health of oral cavity and nasopharynx, keep brushing your teeth and take it after breakfast and dinner. Prevent and treat inflammation of adjacent organs. Due to allergic rhinitis, sinusitis and other nasal congestion, it may lead to unreasonable, leading to long-term breathing with the mouth, viruses and bacteria can easily attack the throat directly, and the nose will reflux the throat. Mentally, pay attention to the combination of work and rest, maintain physical balance, and avoid virus and bacterial infection. Mentality is also very important when treating pharyngolaryngitis, and maintaining a good mentality will better treat pharyngolaryngitis. Other precautions 1. When you have a sore throat, you should pay attention to the combination of work and rest to prevent the cold from freezing. If it is acute, you should stay in bed. 2. Patients who have frequent contact with dust or chemical gases should wear masks, masks and other protective measures. 3, patients with sore throat should usually drink more light salt water, eat digestible food, and keep the stool unobstructed. You should also avoid cigarettes, alcohol, spicy, too cold, too hot and fishy food. Chrysanthemum indicum can usually be treated with Chinese herbal medicines for clearing away heat and toxic materials.