1. Cultivation time Cultivation of black fungus in lieu of material, from inoculation to mushroom as long as 45 to 55 days, the production cycle of 100 to 120 days, 50% to 60% shorter than the original production time, will be the original 1 year long 1 season to spring and fall long two seasons: spring inoculation in February to March, September to October the growth of child entities; fall inoculation in August to September, October to November the growth of child entities, but to avoid high temperatures; early spring low temperature can be warmed to adjust the temperature. In the fall, inoculation in August to September, the growth of fruiting bodies in October to November, but to avoid high temperatures; low temperatures in early spring can be warmed to regulate. Black fungus mycelium growth to 22 ~ 30 ℃, the growth of the child entity to 20 ~ 25 ℃ is the most suitable.
2. Formulation of culture materials, selected according to local conditions
First: 78% of wood chips, 20% of wheat hulls, sucrose 1%, gypsum powder 1%, urea 0.4%, water 1:1 (1 ~ 1.3), each kg of raw materials with 100 kg of water, loose material, water absorption of wood dust, can be added to the 130 kg of water, pH value of natural.
Second: 80% cottonseed hulls, wheat hulls 18%, gypsum powder 2%, lime 0.3%, material and water ratio 1: (1.2 ~ 1.3).
Third: 66% straw, 32% rice bran, 1% gypsum powder, 1% calcium superphosphate, 130-160kg of water per 100kg of straw.
Fourth: 50% corn cobs, 28% cottonseed hulls, 20% wheat hulls, 1% sucrose, 1% gypsum powder, the ratio of material to water is 1:1.2 to 1.3.
When the preparation of culture materials, the water content of 60% or less, in order to hold the hand into a ball, let go of loose appropriate; straw, bagasse as raw material water content is to hold the finger cracks of the water, not drip to the degree.
Second, bagging sterilization and indoor bacterial
1. Bagging cultivation bags with low-pressure polyethylene, polypropylene plastic film bags, specifications: bag mouth width 12cm, 50cm long, every 100kg of raw materials need to be a plastic bag 1kg.
Bagging should be tightly solid, in the bag surface to play 4-6 inoculation holes, holes 1.5cm wide, 2cm deep, holes with adhesive tape seal. After bagging into the atmospheric pressure sterilizer, 100 ℃ to maintain 10 ~ 12h sterilization, cooled to 22 ℃ when inoculation, the selection of good high-yield strains.
2. Fungus inoculation indoor germination 4 to 5 days, the room temperature to 25 ~ 28 ℃, not more than 32 ℃ is appropriate. After the 6th day, the bag will be discharged thinner, windows and doors covered with gauze, to prevent direct light, pay attention to ventilation, indoor relative humidity of 75% is appropriate. After 20 days of cultivation, the mycelium in the bag grows into a round state, the diameter of 8 ~ 10cm, the tape to leave a small gap, let it ventilate to increase oxygen, accelerate the growth of mycelium; 40 days after the tape peeled off the room temperature of 20 ~ 23 ℃, relative humidity of 80%.
Third, ear cultivation and harvest processing
1. Cultivation
When the mycelium grows full of bags, in the bag around the increase in the ear points, available 0.5 cm belt punch, in the bag surface to play a number of ear holes, hole spacing of 5-6cm, into the "zig-zag" shape, but also available razor blades in the bag around the perimeter, according to the 5cm × 5cm spacing, and also available in the bag, according to the "Z" shape. 5cm × 5cm spacing, open into 1 ~ 2cm small mouth, into the "cross" shape.
Indoor cultivation of black fungus, with No. 10 wire pulled on the bed frame, each layer pulled 5, spacing 20cm, hanging with "S"-shaped hooks, bag spacing of 8 to 10cm.
Ground cultivation of black fungus, the ground into a border, set up rows of bag racks, open-air stand, take a simple shade canopy, covered with plastic film, in order to keep warm and moist. Covered with plastic film, in order to facilitate heat preservation and moisturizing.
2. Harvesting The signs of maturity of black fungus are: the ear color turns light, stretching soft, fleshy and thick, ear root contraction, white spore powder on the ventral surface, the ear piece has matured, it can be harvested. If the color is dark brown, the ear piece is rolled inward, elastic, flat and wide stems, the fungus is growing.
Before harvesting to stop spraying 1 to 2 times, let the ear piece slightly dry, so that the surface water content is reduced, picking is not easy to crack, favorable drying. After harvesting the residual ear root, can be used to cut the surface of the aging mycelium, so that the mycelium regeneration, the formation of the original base out of the ear.
After picking black fungus, it should be promptly spread in the sun mat, placed in the sun under the hot sun 1 ~ 2 days, should not be turned, so as to avoid ear pieces broken and curled, reduce the grade; encounter rainy days, to use the temperature of 40 ℃ drying, quality and quantity, to increase the economic benefits.