English Name: Tianshui Administrative District Category: Prefecture-level city jurisdiction: Qin 'an County, Qingshui County, Gangu County Government Resident: No.34, Zhu Min West Building, Qinzhou District Telephone area code: 0938 Postal code: 74 1000 Geographical location: southeast Gansu Province Area: 14992 square kilometers Population: 3.5 million (end of 2004) Famous. More than 3,000 years ago, Tianshui area was densely populated and houses were adjacent, with "beautiful mountains and rivers and dense forests". However, by the end of the Qin Dynasty and the beginning of the Han Dynasty, long-term campaigns, struggles and successive years of drought had turned the prosperous and wealthy Upper City into ruins and the people lived in poverty. Legend has it that one night, while people were sleeping, suddenly the sky was raging, a golden light shone and the ground was red. Suddenly, the earth shook continuously, accompanied by a huge rumble, and a big crack appeared on the ground. I saw the river falling from the sky and pouring into the cracked cracks, thus forming a lake called "Tianshui Lake". The water level of this lake is stable, the water quality is pure, sweet and mellow. "Spring is not dry, summer is not overflowing, and the four seasons are abrupt." At that time, people said that this lake was connected with Tianhe, also called "Tianshuijing". Later, when the legend was heard by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he ordered a new county to be built by the lake north of Shangai City, and named it "Tianshui County". Since then, it was named "Tianshui". 1August 3, 949, Tianshui County was liberated. /kloc-In August of 0/5, the administrative supervision area of Tianshui was established, which governs 8 counties: Tianshui, Gangu, Wushan, Huixian, Liangdang, Tongwei, Qin 'an and Qingshui. In 65438+February of the same year, Tianshui area was renamed Tianshui area. 1950 In February, Tianshui County was located in Tianshui City, with the urban area as its administrative area. On May 25th, Zhuanglang County was separated from Pingliang Special Zone and transferred to Tianshui Special Zone. Minxian area was cancelled, and Longxi and Zhang Xian belonged to Tianshui area. Tianshui Special Zone governs Tianshui City, Tianshui, Qin 'an, Huixian, Liangdang, Wushan, Zhang Xian, Gangu, Qingshui, Zhuanglang, Longxi, Tongwei1/county, 8 1 sub-district office and 6 14 township. 1952, Tianshui area administered 9 1 district offices and 635 townships. 1953 On July 6th, Sol Zhang Autonomous Region was established (it was renamed as County 1955 in June). At the end of the same year, Tianshui had jurisdiction over 887 townships in 1 city and 12 counties. 1956 65438+ 10, Longxi County and Tongwei County in Tianshui District were placed in Dingxi District, Lixian County, Xihe County and Chengxian County in Wudu District were placed in Tianshui District, and Zhuanglang County in Tianshui District was placed in Pingliang District. At the end of the same year, Tianshui Special Zone had jurisdiction over Tianshui City and Tianshui, Qin 'an, Lixian, Xihe, Chengxian, Huixian, Liangdang, Wushan, Zhang Xian, Gangu, Qingshui, Sol Zhang 12 County, 67 District, 53/Kloc-0 Township, 9 Town and 9 Sub-district Offices. On April 4th, 1958 was revoked and merged into Huixian. On April 8, Wudu District was abolished, and the five counties under its jurisdiction, namely Dangchang, Wenxian, Wudu, Kangxian and Minxian, were placed under Tianshui District. On September 5th, Xihe County and Lixian County were revoked and merged into Xili County. Huixian County and Chengxian County were abolished and merged to form Huixian County. 65438+February 65438+June, Min County in Tianshui area was placed under Dingxi area. On February 20th, 65438, Tianshui County was abolished and transferred to Tianshui City. Cancel Gangu County and merge Gangu, Zhang Xian and Wushan to form Wushan County. Cancel Zhangjiachuan County and Qingshui County, and merge to form Qingshui Hui Autonomous County. In the same year, the people's commune and the administrative and social integration system were realized. Tianshui area governs Tianshui City and 8 counties including Qin 'an, Qingshui, Wushan, Xili, Huicheng, Wudu and Wenxian. 129 people's commune and 4 sub-district offices. 196 1 year1month 15, Wudu area recovered. Wudu, Dangchang, Kangxian, Chengxian and Wenxian, which were originally included in Tianshui area, are still included in Wudu area. 65438+February 65438+May, Tianshui, Gangu, Zhang Xian, Liangdang, Xihe, Lixian, Qingshui and Zhangjiachuan Hui Autonomous Counties resumed. Zhangxi 'an County belongs to Lintao District. By the end of the year, Tianshui Special Zone had jurisdiction over Tianshui City, 10 county, 60 districts, 440 people's communes and four sub-district offices in Tianshui, Xihe, Lixian, Huixian, Liangdang, Wushan, Gangu, Qin 'an, Qingshui and Sol Zhang. 1October 23rd 1963, 10 abolished Lintao District, and Zhangxi 'an County was transferred to Tianshui District. Tianshui has jurisdiction over 1 city, 1 1 county, 482 people's communes, 3 towns and 4 sub-district offices. 1 969 65438+1 October1,Tianshui area was changed to Tianshui area, which governs1city,1county, 223 people's communes, 5 towns and 4 sub-district offices. 1980, Tianshui area was under the jurisdiction of 1 city,1/county, with 232 communes, 5 towns and 8 sub-district offices. 1983, political and social separation, changed to villages and towns. On July 8 1985, Tianshui area was abolished and Tianshui city was upgraded to a prefecture-level city. Xihe County, Lixian County, Huixian County and liangdang county, which originally belonged to Tianshui area, were placed in the newly established Longnan area, while Zhangxi 'an County was placed in Dingxi area. Qin Cheng and North Island Area 2 are newly established. Tianshui City has jurisdiction over Qin Cheng, Beidao District 2, Qin 'an, Qingshui, Gangu, Wushan and Zhangjiachuan Hui Autonomous County 5, 138 Township,1/town, 1 1 Sub-district Office. On May 30th, 1992, Yuanyang Township in Wushan County was changed to yuanyang town. 1998 165438+1October16. Ganquan Township in Beidao District was changed to ganquan town. By the end of 2002, Tianshui had jurisdiction over Qincheng District and Beidao District, Qin 'an, Qingshui, Gangu, Wushan and Zhangjiachuan Hui Autonomous Counties, 40 towns, 109 townships and1sub-district offices. With the approval of the State Council, Qincheng District and Beidao District were renamed as Qinzhou District and Maiji District from June 5438+1 October1day, 2005. History and culture In Tianshui, Ma Paoquan, which is full of flowers, Ganquan, Tanghe Fitness and other four-season hot springs, Zhuzhu Bodhisattva Spring, Lengbagua Spring and Fish-filled Spring are widely distributed and famous. These springs are sweet and can be drunk all year round. Long-term drinking can make people's skin white. The skin of Tianshui residents is white and tender, so it is called "Tianshui White Doll". Tianshui has been a county since the Han Dynasty, and has successively been a military, county and town. Its jurisdiction and jurisdiction have changed many times. 19 13 years, Tianshui county was established in Qin Zhou (now water) under the jurisdiction of Weichuan Road. 1927, the national army stationed in Longnan, abandoned the road and changed the water administration supervision department. 1August 3, 949, Tianshui was liberated and Tianshui area was established. 1950, Tianshui area was established. Tianshui Panorama Tianshui is also called Qin Zhou. Qin Zhou's name originated in the first year of Wei Wendi (220). The source of Qin dynasty began with planting grass (that is, Maogu). Long before the Western Zhou Dynasty, Tianshui Valley Basin was a good place to raise horses and livestock because of its fertile land, open terrain, overlapping peaks and green grass. Boyi, the ancestor of the Qin people who lived here, was given the surname of Shun because he raised horses for Shun. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, the concubine after Boyi was praised by Xiao Wang for her meritorious service in raising horses for Zhou. King Xiao not only made him inherit the surname of "Won" of Boyi in Shun Dynasty, but also made his land a vassal, and the state of Qin, which was a feudal city (that is, Imashimizu and), was named "Qin Land". This is the beginning of Qin dynasty in Chinese history. & lt/p & gt； Tianshui is the birthplace of Qin. Since the Three Kingdoms, there have been many places named after Qin in Tianshui, such as Qin 'an, Qinling and Qin Zhou. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Qin Zhou was an important town for China to go to Chang 'an in the west, and it was known as "the land where thousands of years gathered and dispersed", so it became famous for a while. According to the The biography of Master Sanzang, Tang Xuanzang went to India to worship Buddha and learn Buddhist scriptures, and once passed by Tianshui, "passing by Qin Zhou and stopping for one night". Up to now, there are many legends circulating in Tianshui about Tang Priest's scriptures. In the fourth year after the Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty, Du Fu resolutely abandoned his official position and moved his family to Qin Zhou. He began to live in Dongke Valley, 50 miles southeast of Qin Zhou, that is, Liu Jiahe (once named Zimei Village) in Bahuai Village, Jiezi Township, Beidao District, Tianshui City, and then moved to Qin Zhou City. After living for three months, Du Fu wrote 20 pieces of Qinzhou Miscellaneous Poems and 2 pieces of Long Zhi Shu Ji Xing Poems 12, which played an important role in his life's poetry creation. Tianshui is also called "Ji Cheng". The name of Ji Cheng began in the Western Han Dynasty, but it was only in Qin 'an County before the Song Dynasty, and it was not until the Song Dynasty that it moved to Tianshui. The name is related to the legendary Fu. Tianshui is called "Dragon City" because it is the birthplace of Fuxi, the ancestor of mankind, and also the hometown of dragons. Geography of Hanshu also records that there is Ji Cheng County in Tianshui County, so Tianshui is called "the hometown of Huang Xi". According to relevant data, the Fuxi Temple in Xiguan, Tianshui City has a history of more than 700 years since its initial construction. There are sixty-four hexagrams and river maps painted on the ceiling of Nantiangong Temple, which are rare in other places. Fuxi is the ancestor of the Chinese nation, and Tianshui people always like to call Fuxi Temple "Renzong Temple". Tianshui is the birthplace of China's ancient culture, enjoying the reputation of "hometown of Huang Xi", and it is the holy land for the descendants of dragons at home and abroad to seek their roots and ancestors. There are many cultural relics in China, and there are 169 national, provincial and municipal key protected cultural relics, among which Dadiwan site preserves a large number of early Neolithic and Yangshao cultural treasures. Tianshui is the only Fuxi Temple with a statue of China Fuxi, with carved beams and painted buildings. Maijishan Grottoes, one of the four largest grottoes in China, is known as the "Oriental Sculpture Museum". More than 7,730 statues from the end of the 4th century to the 20th century, about 1.600 years ago, together with Daxiangshan, water curtain cave, Lashao Temple and Muti Temple, formed the "Grottoes Art Corridor" in the eastern part of the ancient Silk Road. At the same time, the botanical gardens, Xianrenya, Shimen, Jingtu Temple, Quxi and Jiezi Hot Spring Resort, which are distributed in dozens of miles around Maijishan Fiona Fang, together form the National Forest Park-Maijishan Scenic Area. The human landscape and natural beauty complement each other wonderfully, attracting countless tourists at home and abroad. The scenery of Weihe River belongs to the transitional zone between temperate continental climate and subtropical climate, with temperate semi-humid climate near the urban area and north subtropical climate south of Suzhou-Liyuan line, with an annual average temperature of 1 1.5℃. The hottest weather is July, and the highest temperature is 33.4℃. The coldest weather is 65438+ 10 month. September to165438+1October is the best tourist season in Tianshui. List of monthly average temperature in Tianshui (Celsius)12345678910112 Average temperature-0.60.26.311.7. .716.311.33.9-1.8 The annual average precipitation is 574 mm, which gradually decreases from southeast to northwest. The annual rainfall in the southern subtropical forest region is 800-900 mm, the rainfall in the central and eastern mountainous regions is more than 600 mm, and the rainfall in the northern part of Weihe River is less than 500 mm. The average annual sunshine is 2 100 hour, which is slightly higher than that in Guanshan and Weihe Valley, and the sunshine percentage is 46-50%. Spring and summer account for 26.6% and 30.6% of the annual sunshine respectively, and winter accounts for 22.6%. Winter is not cold, summer is not hot, spring heats up quickly, and autumn is rainy. The climate is mild, with four distinct seasons, abundant sunshine and moderate precipitation. Extreme maximum temperature is 38℃, and extreme minimum temperature is-15℃. Tianshui apple sales accounted for the second place in the country. The terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, with an altitude of 1000-2 100 meters. The highest peak field beam, up to 3 120 meters; Niubei Village, the lowest point, is 760 meters above sea level. Tianshui landform has obvious regional differentiation. The eastern and southern parts were uplifted by the folds of ancient strata, forming mountain landforms. Due to geological subsidence and red and loess layer deposition in the north, loess layer deposition is formed, forming loess hilly landform. Due to the fracture of the banded structural belt, the Weihe Graben was formed in a small part of central China, and the Weihe River Valley landform was formed after the separation and erosion accumulation of rivers in Quaternary. The northern part is the gully region of loess plateau. Weihe River and its tributaries cross it, forming a basin and valley terrace with wide valleys and canyons alternating. The soil in rivers and valleys is alluvial soil and meadow soil formed by impact and flood. After reclamation, cultivation and maturation, cultivated soil mainly composed of loessial soil and Heilong soil was formed. With deep soil layer and wide mountain platform, it is the main producing area of grain, oil, vegetables and fruits. The central and eastern regions are Qinling Mountains and Guanshan Mountains. West Qinling Mountain, which is dominated by Jiuhuangshan Mountain, Wu Yun Mountain and Liangshan Mountain in JD.COM, and Xiaolongshan Mountain and Longshan Mountain, which are dominated by Bagua Mountain, Huo Yan Mountain, Dabaoshan Mountain and Guanshan Mountain in Qinling Mountain, are mountainous and dangerous. Tianshui covers the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins, with the west Qinling Mountains as the watershed and the Weihe River basin with water vapor from the Yellow River in the north, covering an area of 1 1673 square kilometers, accounting for 8 1.49% of the total area of the city. The southern region is the Jialing River basin, which is the water of the Yangtze River, with an area of 2,652 square kilometers, accounting for 18.55438+0% of the total area of the city. There is a saying: If you want to see China 1000 years ago, go to Xi 'an; I want to see China 8000 years ago and go to Dadiwan. One of them is the earliest dry crop specimen in China. The carbonized millet specimens unearthed in Dadiwan pushed back the origin time of dry farming in northern China 1000 years. The second is the earliest painted pottery in China. More than 200 pieces of painted pottery unearthed in Dadiwan are the earliest batch of painted pottery discovered in China so far. The third is the earliest prototype of China characters. More than a dozen painted symbols were found on the pottery unearthed in the first phase of Dadiwan, which was earlier than the earliest painted symbols found in China in the past 1000 years. The fourth is the earliest palace-style building in China. A building numbered "F90 1" was excavated in the fourth stage of Dadiwan culture 5,000 years ago, which is the tallest building in China at present. Fifth, the earliest "concrete" ground in China. The sixth is China's earliest painting. The Weihe River in the territory of water resources is about 280 kilometers long, and the tributaries along the river basin with an area of 1 10,000 square kilometers include Bangsha River, Sandu River, Hulu River, Kuihe River and Niutou River. The main tributaries of Jialing River are Baijia River, Miaohua River and Hongya River. Short flow and abundant water.