Construction engineering is characterized by many open-air and high-altitude operations, poor working environment and widespread physical and heavy physical labor.
The mode of production determines that it is an industry with frequent safety accidents.
In 200 1 and 2002, the death toll of construction safety accidents in China was 1045 and 1297, respectively, which increased by 23.3% and 24. 1% respectively over the previous year.
The grim security situation seriously threatens the life safety and physical and mental health of employees and brings huge material losses to society.
The construction industry urgently needs to establish a scientific management system to improve the management level of safety production.
Occupational Safety and Health Management Series (OHSMS) is a standardized, standardized and systematic management system or system that meets the above requirements.
The emergence, development and characteristics of 1 OHSMS management system
Generation of 1. 1OHSMS management system
With the expansion of social and economic organizations and the improvement of intensive production, people realize that the standardization, systematization and standardization of occupational safety and health management are of great significance to improve the level of occupational safety and health management. To this end, countries have formulated a series of national occupational safety and health management systems.
ISO, the international organization for standardization, has been committed to the internationalization of occupational safety and health standards, and held two special conferences in 1996 and 1997 respectively, but no agreement was reached due to human rights issues. 1999 OHSAS 18000 standard was put forward by 13 organizations, such as British Standards Institute (BSI) and Norwegian Bureau of Classification (DNV). OHSAS 18000, like ISO9000 and ISO 14000, is regarded as a management method in the post-industrial era and has been widely adopted by countries all over the world, becoming an international standard in the field of occupational safety and health management.
1.2 characteristics of OHMS management system
The occupational health and safety management system has the characteristics of systematicness, dynamics, prevention, full staff and whole process control.
The occupational health and safety management system takes the idea of "system safety" as the core, combines all the production factors of social and economic organizations into a system, and achieves the purpose of controlling accidents through risk identification, risk evaluation and control.
Occupational health and safety management focuses on accident prevention. In the process of management, according to the predetermined procedures and objectives, constantly review and improve the identification and control of unsafe factors in the system, so that the system can achieve the best safety state.
The Development of 1.3 oh SMS Management System in China
1996 studied the implementation of occupational health and safety management system in China.
1998 China labor protection society: occupational safety and health management system (for trial implementation) standard;
200 1- 12 State Economic and Trade Commission: Code for Auditing Occupational Safety and Health Management System (OHSMS-2001);
In the same month, National Standardization Committee and National Certification and Accreditation Committee: Occupational Health and Safety Management System Specification (GB/T 28001-2001);
State Administration of Work Safety: Code for Auditing Occupational Safety and Health Management System-Implementation Guide.
OHSMS-200 1 and GB/T 2800 1-200 1 are the same as or similar to OHSAS 1800 1 in system purpose, structure and content.
Therefore, China's social and economic organizations can choose one of the above three management system standards as the certification standard of occupational safety and health management system.
2. The role and significance of implementing OHSMS management system in construction industry
2. 1 helps the contractor to improve the occupational safety and health management level of construction project management.
OHSMS summarizes the management experience of developed countries for many years in the most concise language, and points out the basic process of safety management.
The system itself has considerable flexibility, allowing different economic organizations to carry out management innovation according to their own characteristics and combined with their own management practices.
The occupational health and safety management system keeps continuous improvement and perfection through repeated activities such as planning, implementation, inspection, evaluation and improvement. This continuous improvement and spiral operation mode will continuously plug the loopholes of occupational safety and health management level during the project implementation.
2.2 Help contractors reduce the operating costs of project management and improve the economic benefits of the project.
OHSMS requires economic organizations to train employees of all departments, so that employees can understand the occupational safety and health policy and the operating procedures of their respective posts, so as to improve the safety awareness of all employees, prevent and reduce the occurrence of safety accidents, and reduce the economic losses and operating costs of safety accidents.
OHSMS requires economic organizations to continuously improve workers' working conditions and ensure their physical and mental health, so as to improve workers' labor efficiency and further improve the economic benefits of economic organizations.
2.3 Help the contractor to improve the public image and social benefits.
The process of implementing the occupational health and safety management system is to provide a strong guarantee for the safety and health of employees and related parties. This process reflects the respect of economic organizations for employees' life and labor. Externally, it is conducive to improving the social public relations of economic organizations, enhancing social image, enhancing the credibility and reputation of economic organizations in finance and insurance, increasing the chances of obtaining loans, reducing insurance costs and enhancing market competitiveness; Enhance internal cohesion, improve labor relations, improve employees' loyalty to economic organizations, and then improve workers' work efficiency.
2.4 Help promote China construction contractors to enter the international market.
The construction industry is a labor-intensive industry. China's construction industry has an advantage in the international market because of its low labor cost. However, many developed countries have adopted some non-tariff barriers to protect their traditional industries (such as access standards for safety, health and environmental protection) to prevent products and services from developing countries from entering their own markets. Therefore, if our products and services want to enter the international market, we must standardize our own management in accordance with international practices and break through various access restrictions set by developed countries.
As the third international passport of standardized management, the implementation of OHSMS will help China construction contractors to enter the international market and improve their competitiveness in the international market.
3. Principles, steps and modes of implementing the occupational health and safety management system.
3. 1 Principles for implementing occupational health and safety management system
The main principles of implementing OHSMS management system are:
The principle of putting prevention first;
Pay attention to the principle of continuous improvement;
Emphasize the principle of commitment and responsibility of top managers;
The principle of full participation and whole process management;
Systematic, procedural and documented principles;
Principles of compatibility and integration with other systems.
3.2 Steps to implement occupational health and safety management system
The steps of implementing the occupational health and safety management system are as follows:
Leadership decision → establishment of working group → personnel training → hazard identification and risk assessment → initial state review → planning and design of occupational safety and health management system → system documentation → system trial operation → internal audit → management review → third-party audit and certification registration, etc.
3.3 Occupational Health and Safety Management System Working Mechanism Model
The working mechanism of the occupational health and safety management system follows the systematic Deming model (PDCA), that is, the working mechanism plan of the management system is divided into four interrelated links: planning, implementation, implementation, inspection, evaluation and improvement.
Its guiding ideology is to systematically guide enterprises to achieve established goals with the idea of continuous improvement.
4 Several problems that should be paid attention to in the implementation of occupational health and safety management system in construction industry
4. 1 should be fully integrated with the characteristics of the construction industry.
As a standardized management system, the occupational health and safety management system provides a set of general management modes and methods. Although this model has universal guiding significance, it does not include the professional management and technical standards of specific industries. On the basis of these general models, the construction enterprises will be integrated into the safety management and technical standards of the industry to realize the combination of universality and particularity. For example,
Strengthen the dynamic management of activities such as construction organization design and construction process;
Strengthen the education and training of operators;
Strengthen information exchange and communication between contractors and subcontractors, contractors and owners, supervisors and suppliers;
Control risks in temporary facilities, accommodation in living quarters and catering management.
4.2 Implementation of integrated certification and management
The construction industry involves the requirements of quality, environment and safety. The standardized management system of these three aspects is an important part of modern management and needs certification. Combining quality, environment and safety management systems and implementing an integrated management system will help economic organizations to rationally allocate resources, optimize organizational management institutions, and conduct effective management as a whole, thus reducing management costs, improving system operation efficiency, and also contributing to the cultivation of compound management talents. Because the three systems follow the same management mode (PDCA), the management elements are similar and the management principles are the same, which provides conditions for the integrated certification and management of economic organizations.
4.3 Other issues
Occupational health and safety management system is not a mandatory standard, and contractors should follow the principle of voluntariness in certification and implementation.
OHSMS standard is not unattainable and can be implemented by any contractor who wants to strengthen occupational safety and health management.
OHSMS does not put forward absolute requirements for the management of occupational safety and health performance, but only focuses on continuous improvement, and contractors can set their own improvement goals according to specific conditions.
The contractor cannot be certified for the sake of certification, but should strengthen the occupational safety and health management of enterprises, control occupational safety and health risks, improve the contribution to society, improve the comprehensive management level of the organization and finally improve the market competitiveness through the certification and implementation of the occupational health and safety management system.
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