Therefore, insiders say that E-Learning is suitable for large and medium-sized enterprises with demand and mature computer network conditions. Although the market acceptance is not high, with the increasing emphasis on training, it will gradually be recognized and accepted by enterprises.
Some domestic IT enterprises, communication enterprises, financial enterprises, accounting and auditing, consulting enterprises and manufacturing enterprises have entered the accreditation and acceptance procedures. .............................................................................................................................................
Values are the core of a national cultural tradition. As the basic measure of things deposited in people's deep psychological structure, it profoundly affects people's views on the purpose, status, function, content, methods and methods of education, thus making education reflect the value orientation of a nation everywhere.
The United States is a country based on "individualism", and its educational theory is completely determined by the way of thinking of individualism. Educational policies and regulations stand on the standpoint of safeguarding students' personal rights and interests, and educational institutions aim to develop students' individualism in thought and action. China's traditional culture is based on ethics, which is the link of social relations. It is embodied in "valuing the collective over the individual" in society, paying attention to "pecking order" and "supremacy of power" in life, and advocating gentleness, kindness, courtesy, thrift and compromise. Pay attention to the dignity of being a teacher in education.
2. Way of thinking
Thinking mode is the structure and methodological principle of thinking elements that reflect the cognitive ability and characteristics of a certain kind of people. "The way of thinking has a profound and extensive impact on education. It directly controls people's way of understanding, so that people's understanding and practice of education follow a fixed mode of thinking, understand educational phenomena and engage in educational activities, so that the nationality of education and the nationality of thinking mode echo each other and present the same national color. "
According to some scholars, Westerners are good at abstract thinking, formal thinking and logical thinking, especially Americans. They are good at seeking the category of problems and revealing the laws. They are good at making breakthroughs in the overall sense when studying problems, starting with the study of various parts and elements, reaching a specific understanding of things, and pursuing an accurate understanding of things in the process. China people are good at dialectical thinking, and holistic thinking, harmonious thinking and intuitive thinking are the remarkable characteristics of China's traditional thinking.
Different ways of thinking lead to different understandings of education. Looking back at the definition of e- Learning by the American Association for Educational Communication and Technology, we can see that when Americans define the concept of digital learning, they do not emphasize the content and essence of digital learning too much, but start with the elements of digital learning and describe it directly. They will not argue too much about the superficial problems of definition, but focus on exploring through practice. On the other hand, China people have different ideas. We should first clear our names, pay attention to being reasonable and well-founded, like arguing about concepts, and pay little attention to in-depth practice, exploration and summary. Therefore, in the research of digital learning in China, there are many theoretical articles and few practical cases. Digital learning is student-centered and problem-centered learning. Students should actively participate in the formulation of learning objectives and learning plans, actively participate in discussions, and seek solutions to problems. Influenced by individualism, Americans have always been student-centered in class. They are better at logical thinking and rigorous thinking, so American students can determine their study goals and make study plans according to their own reality. Therefore, the learning style advocated by digital learning is easier to popularize in the United States.
The author thinks that, firstly, the influence of China cultural tradition should be fully considered in promoting online learning. Culture is the foundation of education, and any educational activity is inseparable from the shadow of culture. To promote the concept of e- Learning in China, we should not copy the theory and practice mode of American e-learning, but actively explore effective forms suitable for China's educational situation, examine e-learning from three aspects: material culture, institutional culture and spiritual culture, and build a theoretical and practical framework of e-learning with China characteristics while selectively absorbing and transforming the theories of e-learning in other countries. Secondly, we should actively build a reasonable platform for online learning materials. Although some people criticize that high investment has not brought high benefits, from the development trend of informatization all over the world, all countries are committed to the construction of educational informatization and seize the commanding heights of education. China's information infrastructure needs to be strengthened, and it needs to invest a lot of money to improve the information technology conditions and improve the digital learning environment. Third, create a digital learning system with China characteristics. In the digital age, digital learning is bound to become an important form of learning. Based on the material conditions in China, the difference between the rich and the poor in the East and the West, the current education system, people's customs, people's value orientation and way of thinking, this paper explores the theory and practice mode of digital learning suitable for cultural traditions. Practice more, talk less, combine the improvement of teaching quality with the cultivation of innovative talents, and extract a practical theoretical system of digital learning. Finally, explore the realization mode of e- Learning in line with the reality of China. E-learning in China can't copy the American model, nor can it copy other people's models in different parts of China. Educators should be encouraged to carry out experimental research according to local specific conditions, especially based on regional and school-based practices. Nowadays, enterprises are in a fierce business competition environment, the circulation of information becomes more rapid, the means of obtaining information becomes more convenient, the enterprise strategy is easy to be learned by competitors, the newly introduced products and services are quickly imitated, the secrets between enterprises are less and less, the importance of traditional production resources is weakening, and employees as a special production resource have gained unprecedented status and height. Enterprises need to constantly innovate products and even business models in order to achieve rapid development in the competition, and all this will depend on the employees of the enterprise. All enterprises are aware of the need to invest in talent development, but the problem is how to make the learning and training behavior of enterprises more effective.
Although e-Learning has developed rapidly abroad and has become an important part of enterprise learning and training planning, it is difficult in the practice of domestic enterprises. Almost all human resource managers and training specialists are aware that e-learning and training through the application of network technology will bring many benefits to enterprises: for example, the training cost will drop significantly, the learning and training behavior will become more flexible, and more employees will be included in the scope of enterprise training. But these benefits are all. In the process of introducing e-Learning project, they often appear hesitant and even refuse simply and rudely. They can't confirm what practical value this way of learning and training will bring to enterprises. After all, enterprises need to measure the input-output ratio, and it is difficult to convince enterprise decision makers to pay for it by simple concepts.
If we affirm the important role of e-Learning in reducing costs and improving flexibility, we should consider how to make the implementation of e-Learning more practical and valuable. In fact, it is not a huge project to make e-Learning a booster for enterprise learning and training, so as to realize talent development. We don't need superhuman ability. Under the premise of careful thinking and preparation, it is entirely possible to incite greater benefits with lower investment. A well-planned and designed e-Learning project can always create extraordinary value for enterprises.
Step 1: Define the demand and make a plan.
It should be emphasized that narrow e-Learning is an important prerequisite for its success as an information means to realize learning and training. Therefore, the starting point of e-Learning project should actually be based on the understanding of enterprise needs.
The first is the understanding of the business model and development strategy of the enterprise, which helps us to find out which talents are the key talents for the enterprise to achieve its strategic goals and which training contents can effectively support the strategic development of the enterprise. For example, whether a chain enterprise can quickly cultivate excellent store managers determines the expansion speed and whether the business objectives of the enterprise can be completed. Effective training for store managers has become the focus of chain enterprise training. For an enterprise that implements the internationalization strategy, the culture and language of overseas target markets should become an important content for employees to learn.
Key Performance Indicators (KPI) is a very important factor to quickly understand the training needs of enterprises. The analysis and research of key performance indicators is helpful to find out the key factors that affect the performance of enterprises. These key factors can often clearly show us the knowledge, behavior or skills closely related to enterprise performance. Doing such a good job can make the training of employees more targeted and concentrate on improving the behaviors that affect employees' performance. It is found that the training behavior that affects employees' key performance behaviors-while ensuring employees to practice these training contents repeatedly in practical work will change the learning decline curve in the usual sense-is generally believed that the learning effect will gradually decline with the passage of time.
On the basis of determining the needs of enterprises, it is necessary to plan the learning and training of enterprises, including training methods, curriculum system, participants in different training programs and so on.
Step 2: Choose the right software platform.
Undoubtedly, an excellent online learning software platform is an important carrier to realize effective training. It should be noted that "excellent" here is not from the perspective of technology and function. Any software product with vitality has an "idea", which comes from the modeling of theoretical knowledge, or from the actual operation of enterprises, not just the accumulation of functional modules. For enterprise applications, the advancement of technology is never the most critical, but the idea behind the technology, so complex functions must not be the first criterion for selection.
If you only provide an online learning platform for a few employees in the enterprise, it is a good choice to purchase SAAS services. Such demand is less personalized. SAAS service providers have rich general course resources, mature online learning platform and perfect service system, and the payment method is more flexible, which will not cause greater financial pressure. However, if we need to provide an online learning platform for most employees and need more personalized services, then enterprises need to buy an independent online learning platform, and often need to redevelop the platform to meet the actual needs of enterprises. This way is more conducive to bringing most employees into e-learning and training, and at the same time realizing the accumulation and management of intangible knowledge and experience.
Of course, the interactivity and convenience of the software platform is also an important factor in the choice, which is conducive to employees accepting and using the software platform more quickly.
Step 3: Develop courses from the enterprise itself.
Human resource managers who introduce e-learning training programs often find that online learning has become a chicken rib-there is no taste, and it is a pity to give up. Although enterprises have repeatedly emphasized the importance of courses and introduced a large number of courses when introducing e-Learning plan, the actual situation is that employees are sleepy in the face of video lectures by many famous teachers and well-made Flash courseware. Content providers often emphasize the authority and professionalism of the course content, as well as the interest and interactivity of the course form. Content providers hire university professors to establish curriculum theory system, develop curriculum scripts through professionals, and finally standardize the curriculum by technicians. However, this business model from the perspective of production technology ignores the actual needs of learners and enterprises. Faced with such course content, employees often lose the motivation to learn, and the effect is even more difficult to talk about. Unless you can achieve a certain long tail effect-although you offer a general course, there is always something suitable for the actual needs of enterprises because of enough content, just like you can always find your favorite songs online, even though the provider doesn't know your preferences.
In fact, the successful implementation experience of e-Learning in large foreign enterprises tells us that only by closely linking the learning content with the actual needs of enterprises is the fundamental way to solve the learning motivation and learning effect. The usual ratio is 80%: 20%, that is, related courses in enterprises account for 80% and general courses account for 20%.
If the e-Learning service provider is regarded as a solution service organization, the success of the project lies not only in whether the software platform works normally, but also in the two-way flow of internal course experience development, which requires long-term and in-depth cooperation between the two parties. From a certain point of view, this is a consulting service rather than a simple sale of knowledge and software products, and technology is only a means to achieve it.
Step 4: Formulate an effective operation mechanism.
After the enterprise has made the learning and training plan, purchased the software platform and selected the appropriate content, the success of the e-Learning project needs the support of the unique operating mechanism. Such a mechanism conforms to the process of generating value by training: acquiring knowledge → changing behavior → forming habits → improving performance. More importantly, through this mechanism, knowledge management and experience sharing within the enterprise can be realized and the enterprise can grow into a learning organization.
Another purpose of establishing an effective operating mechanism is to transform traditional training into real learning. Training is more mandatory, while learning emphasizes initiative. How to change "I want to learn" into "I want to learn" needs careful design. Through various means and methods, employees are encouraged to actively acquire knowledge and change their behavior, which is bound by some hard requirements. These incentive and restraint measures are also an important part of an effective operation mechanism.
It is more important to create a cultural atmosphere through the operation of the mechanism. In this atmosphere, * * * sharing is a mainstream consciousness, and every employee is willing to contribute his knowledge and experience to form the overall experience of the organization. Employees are encouraged by such behavior, both mentally and materially, which helps to strengthen and affirm the sharing spirit of employees. For enterprises, it is obvious that systematization and final solidification become one of the core competitiveness of enterprises, which will help enterprises gain greater competitive advantage in this commercial society full of rapid replication. ADL: Advanced Distributed Learning Initiator
ADL belongs to the American government and is responsible for creating SCORM (Shareable Content Object Reference Model), which is an interoperable e-learning system blueprint based on learning objects. At first, SCORM specification was mainly to ensure the interoperability of government training materials, but later it attracted the interest of enterprise field and global e-learning regulations. The initial specification defines a special type of learning object, called * * * Content Object (SCO), which can be aggregated and published as a stable content package and published through a Web browser under the control of a learning management system. SCORM's technical working group does not create various specifications from scratch, but tries to reuse some existing specifications, such as AICC and IMS specifications. Cooperation with CLEO and IEEE LTSC is also under way. SCORM is very important for developing e-learning modules suitable for government and military. Moreover, on this basis, the US military is ready to launch a more ambitious plan to convene hundreds of universities and scientific research institutions across the United States to participate in this new plan. Therefore, the specification of ADL cannot be ignored by online learning providers all over the world.
IMS global learning alliance
IMS Global Learning Alliance consists of educational institutions, business organizations and government organizations. Its purpose is to develop and promote open norms for building online learning activities. This working group has made it clear how to confirm and mark e-learning content and how to track some common parameters (such as students' progress information) in the learning process. Other specifications discussed by the alliance include enterprise description, content packaging, learner profile, learning design, storage, definition object of competitiveness, problems and testing mechanism. Through cooperation with other working organizations, IMS has become the main contributor to the draft metadata standard, and its work is being finally reviewed by IEEE LTSC. This metadata standard will be able to determine the classification information labels of learning objects, such as the title, author, publisher and format of the course. This work may become the first recognized standard in the field of e-learning.
CLEO: Online Personalized Learning Experience Laboratory
CLEO laboratory is a cooperative research laboratory with a history of only one year, which is composed of enterprises, researchers and ADL interested in e-Learning. The lab was initiated by Cisco, Click2Learn, IBM, Microsoft and NETg, and devoted to the research of SCORM-related application technologies.
IEEE learning technology standards Committee
More than 20 different working groups of IEEE Learning Technology Standards Committee are creating different but interrelated e-learning standards. Topics include learning object metadata, student files, course order, computer management teaching and content packaging. IEEE has great influence, because almost every global initialization working group on e-learning agrees to follow the standard identification process formulated in IEEE LTSC P 1484. IEEE LTSC accepted the specifications formulated by these organizations and finally approved them as certification standards.
AICC: Computer Aided Training Committee for Aviation Industry
AICC is an international organization composed of training experts. Its purpose is to standardize the teaching materials of aviation manufacturing industry and buyers. However, as a pioneer of the standard movement, AICC basically became a weather vane for a long time in the whole e-Learning range at that time. The specification of AICC covers nine main areas, from learning object to learning management system. Usually, if a company claims to conform to AICC specifications, it means that it conforms to at least one or more of them. AICC has launched a standardized certification program for e-learning developers to confirm their product compatibility. In today's market, this is a very important function because AICC provides a very independent inspection method.
It is worth noting that AICC is basically an industry working group whose main purpose is to serve the aviation industry and its suppliers. The wider exploration of e-learning standards is still reflected in IMS Global Learning Alliance.
SIF School Interoperability Framework
(SIF) is a draft industry specification, and its goal is to develop an open specification for school teaching and management software, so that different softwares can work together more effectively. SIF defines a series of communication data specifications between application programs in schools, and designs communication modes, so that application software provided by different developers can interoperate in an application environment. SIF is a blueprint to ensure that different applications can interact seamlessly and enjoy data.
XrML
XrML- Extensible Copyright Markup Language-is a preferred digital copyright language. XrML provides a universal method to securely specify and manage the copyright conditions of any digital content and service. XrML will promote the dissemination of digital content and the development of network services, and its application is not limited to technical platforms, business models, media types, media formats and providers.
Open the ebook OEB
Open eBook is an industry standard organization composed of Microsoft, Adobe and many manufacturers from publishing industry. Its purpose is to define the universal and exchangeable e-book format OEB in the era of electronic publishing. OEB uses XML to define the content and description data of books, so that any e-book can be recognized and expressed in a compatible e-book distribution, circulation and reading system. Online learning has become an important foothold for many organizational learning. Do you know the trend of e-learning?
Shawn Englund, CEO of LearnLive Technologies, looks forward to seven trends of e-learning:
1. Effective sales promotion courses will become the mainstream. Those enterprises that are competitive and have well-trained employees will have more opportunities to increase sales and expand brand value. Mature learning strategies that can effectively improve internal professional knowledge anytime and anywhere will effectively drive the growth of sales and productivity.
2. Online learning will gain wider recognition. Enterprises will continue to use e-learning as a learning method to reduce expenses and travel expenses.
3. Integrated service/unified learning platform. Enterprises will seek to establish a more centralized database in a single center to manage their e-learning systems and promote a standardized, cross-organizational and streaming media learning culture.
4. Smaller single content providers will be squeezed out of the market. A single product must adapt to the open architecture and meet AICC or SCORM standards in order to survive in the market.
5. Regionalized and specialized enterprises will take the lead in providing training services. With the maturity of e-Learning professional products and services in various fields, more targeted regional and professional service providers will become the darling of the market. Traditional large-scale systems need to recruit professionals for maintenance and training, and these professional small products are short and pithy, close to enterprise applications, easier to deploy, and easier to match those enterprises with limited budgets.
6. Learning strategies will become more streamlined and internationalized. The integrated service under the single-center and open architecture provides a unified learning platform for enterprise branches around the world, and also provides the possibility for the global * * * to enjoy unified standardized learning content. On this basis, in view of the differentiated needs of branches all over the country, it will become indispensable to have personalized fine-tuning ability.
7.e-Learning will be used as a platform to help enterprises effectively expand their brand influence among existing and potential customers, thus promoting sales. At present, the E-Learning market of China enterprises is still in the primary stage, showing the following characteristics.
1. The industrial scale and development speed are lower than expected.
According to CCID media statistics, as early as 200 1 year, China enterprises invested1000 million yuan in training, and the distance training based on E-Learning also accounted for 0. 1% of the total investment. It is predicted that by 2005, this proportion will rapidly increase to 30%. But now it is 2005, and the actual scale of E-Learning industry in the whole enterprise has not exceeded 654.38 billion yuan, accounting for less than 6543.8+ 0% of the training investment of enterprises, and the development speed is far lower than expected.
The main reason for this phenomenon is not that the enterprise E-Learning industry itself has no development prospects, but because the bubble economy era of enterprise E-Learning and e-commerce came into being at the same time, which was inevitably influenced by the fanaticism of the e-commerce era at that time. At that time, there was a one-sided tendency that enterprise E-Learning was a "universal weapon" to solve the training and learning problems of enterprises, so the industry overestimated the scale and speed of the development of E-Learning industry in Chinese enterprises.
Another important reason is that compared with the development scale and speed of E-Learning industry in developed countries such as the United States, the original expectation did not consider the scale of Chinese enterprises, the construction of infrastructure platforms, the acceptance of E-Learning, the investment in training, the quality of personnel and other reasons, thus overestimating the development speed of E-Learning industry in Chinese enterprises.
2. Basically in the stage of e-training.
The characteristic of enterprise network learning in China is that it is basically in the stage of network training. The use of the word "E-Learning" in developed countries, represented by the United States, not only has the tradition of emphasizing "learning" in "teaching", but also shows that learning organizations have been widely accepted and established in enterprises.
However, most enterprises in China have not established a perfect training system. Although the idea of establishing a learning organization has been widely accepted, it has not been effectively implemented. Therefore, enterprise E-Learning is more "E-Training" in China, that is, replacing or partially replacing traditional face-to-face training with information technology.
3. There are huge differences in regional markets.
According to the regional distribution, the E-Learning market of enterprises can be divided into primary market (big cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Guangzhou), secondary market (medium cities such as Shenyang, Wuhan, Qingdao, Dalian and Chengdu) and tertiary market (small cities in various provinces and regions). At present, about 85%-90% of the market share of E-Learning is occupied by the primary market, the secondary market share is only about 10%- 15%, and the tertiary market share is almost zero.
The reason why the regional market of enterprise E-Learning is mainly concentrated in big cities is that most enterprises implementing E-Learning are large enterprises, and these enterprises are located in big cities. Of course, some enterprises that implement E-Learning are located in small and medium-sized cities, such as insurance and banks, but the deployment of their E-Learning platforms and the release of their contents are mostly concentrated in big cities.
4. The industry difference is huge.
Enterprises implementing E-Learning show great differences in industry distribution. According to the collection and analysis of the customer lists of major E-Learning enterprises in this report, it is found that the proportion of customers in IT/ communication/electronics, finance/finance, education/training and government/institutions is high, while the proportion of customers in catering/retail/commerce, transportation/construction enterprises is low.
The reason is that enterprises that implement E-Learning more are better than other enterprises in information technology facilities, information technology skills and the concept of using information technology, which shows that E-Learning of enterprises is restricted by these factors.
E-Learning, which is not closely integrated with traditional enterprise training, should be a kind of enterprise training in China. However, most enterprises engaged in E-Learning industry come from IT companies, lack of corporate training background, and are more influenced by technical thinking, so they are included in the category of enterprise information systems. Therefore, enterprise e-learning is often divorced from enterprise training in the implementation process. As a new training method and enterprise information system, enterprise E-Learning has dual attributes, but the attribute of training has not been paid enough attention and tends to be divorced from enterprise training. However, this phenomenon has changed, and enterprise E-Learning has gradually changed from attaching importance to technical means to attaching importance to training effect.