Seven heating methods
A: Central heating: the main force of urban heating.
Principle: Using urban heating network, regional heating network or large-scale central heating as heat source may still be the main heating mode of urban residential buildings at present and in the future.
Applicable residence: ordinary residence (most residential areas in the city)
Advantages:
1. The technology is mature, safe and reliable, easy to use and cheap.
2. Heating 24 hours a day.
Disadvantages:
1. The heating time and temperature cannot be controlled by oneself, and the vertical fins are unsightly, occupying space and affecting the decoration effect.
2. There is no heat source before and after the heating period.
3. Radiator heating, the general water temperature is above 70 degrees Celsius, but when the temperature reaches 80 degrees Celsius, it will produce a cloud of dust, which will cover the wall above the radiator with dust.
Cost:
Take a room of 100 square meter as an example. According to Beijing regulations, the operating fee for gas heating is 24 yuan/m2. A heating season needs to pay 2400 yuan.
B. Radiant floor heating: The room temperature gradually decreases from bottom to top.
Principle: Low-temperature radiant floor heating is to heat the floor to the surface temperature of 18 to 32 degrees Celsius through a heating pipe buried under the floor, and radiate the heat evenly indoors to achieve the heating effect. At the same time, heat sources can be provided in different ways, such as domestic gas heating stoves, municipal heating pipe networks and residential boiler rooms.
Applicable residence: finely decorated apartment.
Advantages:
1. The ground temperature is uniform, the room temperature gradually decreases from bottom to top, and the comfort is high.
2. The air convection is weakened and the air cleanliness is good.
3. Compared with other heating methods, it is more energy-saving, and the energy-saving range is about 10% to 20%.
4. Conducive to indoor decoration, increasing indoor usable area by 2% ~ 3%.
5. Conducive to sound insulation and reducing floor impact sound.
Disadvantages:
1. The height is about 8 cm.
2. When the ground is renovated for the second time, it is easy to damage underground pipelines.
3. It is troublesome to crack the wooden floor, and it is best to use floor tiles or composite floors.
4. The set temperature should not be too high, otherwise the service life of the pipeline will be greatly reduced.
5. Because of the need of waterproof, it is inconvenient to lay the bathroom, so it is necessary to use electric heating.
Operating expenses:
Under the condition of 65438 08℃, a heating season needs about 65438 04 yuan per square meter.
Tip:
Adopt floor radiant heating. When decorating, it is best to lay marble or tile floors. At the same time, it is best to leave a certain distance of grooves in the floor decoration to facilitate heating.
C, household electric boiler: free temperature regulation
Principle: Electric energy is used for heating.
Applicable residence: villa
Advantages:
1. Small floor space, simple installation and convenient operation.
2. Heating can also provide domestic hot water.
3. High comfort, suitable for low-density houses and villas with large area.
4. The most advanced feature is that it has multiple time periods and different temperature control preset functions.
Disadvantages:
1. The initial investment is large and the operation cost is high. This product is not suitable for low-valley electric heat storage to achieve the most energy-saving effect.
Cost:
Take a room of 100 square meter as an example, the basic operating cost of a heating season is 3000-5000 yuan.
Electric heating film: environmental protection and fashion
Principle: With electricity as energy source, it is a pure resistance heater made by printing special conductive ink between two layers of polyester film, with independent temperature control device, using low-temperature radiant electrothermal film as heater, most of which are suspended ceiling type, and a few of them are laid in the wall or even under the floor. It has the characteristics of adjustable constant temperature, economic comfort, environmental protection, long service life and maintenance-free.
Applicable residence: finely decorated apartment.
Advantages:
1. There is no radiator in the room, and the usable area of the room can be increased by 2% to 3%, which is convenient for decoration and furniture placement.
2. Generally, maintenance is not required.
3. It belongs to clean energy and has no pollution.
The room temperature can be adjusted by thermostat.
5. There is no thermal sensation of traditional heating, and the temperature is uniform.
Disadvantages:
The heating of 1. electrothermal film is slow, and it usually takes 1 to 1.5 hours to reach 18 degrees Celsius.
2. The installation of the system should be synchronized with the decoration, and nails and holes cannot be nailed on the ceiling.
......& gt& gt
Question 2: How to heat a big room in winter? The most affordable way is to replace and add radiators. Generally, central heating is charged per square meter, so you only need to pay the heating fee!
Question 3: Winter in the south is particularly cold. Is there any good indoor heating method to share with you my experience after all kinds of life destruction?
Regarding heating, I think the first thing depends on the geographical environment where you live, whether it is south or north, and whether you usually use heating or air conditioning. There is also personal habits.
Briefly introduce my own experience in heating methods.
1, old stove
Just like I live in the south, my hometown Zhaotong, Yunnan, usually burns coal with a stove, which is simply the king of cost performance! Easy to use, affordable and warm.
Well, it doesn't look so good, but it's really affordable and the heating is excellent. You can also boil water to roast and eat all kinds of things. When grandparents are around at home, we sit around and chat and have a home. Full of happiness ~ disadvantages, you have to find a coal seller ... Of course, the premise of use is either that the economic situation is not good enough to live in a small house, or that the big villa is retro-decorated, so you can use it if you find a feel.
2. Air conditioning
Places like Sichuan, cities that use more air conditioning,
Energy-saving heating is a problem we should think about. Well, speaking of which, I really want to throw up. Don't be greedy and cheap to use old-fashioned air conditioners, otherwise it will really outweigh the benefits. You must repair them often, especially after you have experienced the electricity bill ... there must be a big principle to choose air conditioners according to your own economic conditions and the size of your house. Don't buy it just by looking at a few pages of data. Hang up the cabinet first and see someone. This is not much to describe. It is recommended to buy a big brand for such a large air conditioner. Since people can do it for a reason, I didn't know until I used all kinds of air conditioners. In fact, after using them, the electricity bill is generally not cheap. I would rather buy a good and resolute function in one step to buy all kinds of miscellaneous brands, and it is safe.
3. Electric blanket
Everyone knows this thing, and of course it is also necessary in winter in the south. Houses in the north have heating. Like summer, they may not be used to it. What should we pay attention to when we are an indispensable artifact in the south? Well, as I said before, this kind of household appliances that may directly lead to life-threatening safety hazards must choose big brands. For example, electric blankets, or decisively recommend rainbows. Well, some people may say, "A big brand must be good? There will be no security risks? " Well, yes, the iphone has exploded. That's the truth. Can you at least reduce the chance of accidents? If you have to say how to choose, the easiest way is "Please look for the well-known trademarks in China?" .
Back to the topic, there is a reason why electric blankets personally recommend rainbows. Taobao bought one at random before. Hehe, I forgot to turn it off once, burned the socket directly and was woken up in the middle of the night. Smell the smell of paste, pull it out and pour it into the trash can. I threw away the electric blanket, too, and I was afraid to think of it ... (PS: If you have a socket, just look for a cow. Then I only bought the electric blanket of the latter brand. Since I changed it, I still buy it sometimes.
Finally, it is suggested that the elderly, children and pregnant women who are easy to stay up late and fall asleep in bed at night choose stepless temperature regulation models.
Well, there is such a control head that can be timed, or you forgot to turn it off. It's really scary …
4, electric blanket companion (good four-piece suit and quilt core
Muji Tianzhu velvet four-piece set is highly recommended, as shown in the following figure.
There are many styles to choose from. Covering your body is like wearing a comfortable T-shirt.
Many people in Zhihu have mentioned it, but nothing has been mentioned. As for the choice of quilt core, I personally feel that this one is very picky about quilt core and the choice is not good. Not too hard, not close-fitting, not very loud, or strangely uncomfortable to cover. Believe me, I have experienced four or five sets ... I always think that sleeping is the first priority, so I must sleep comfortably and warmly, and I have obsessive-compulsive disorder. Personally, I think it can be matched.
Yes, that's it. "Tianzhu quilt" is made of the same material as the four-piece quilt core made of Tianzhu cotton. What's it like to mix together ... Well, let's mix soybean milk with fried dough sticks, instant noodles with ham sausage. I just need an electric blanket. If it's still cold … you can add a coral fleece blanket ~
Of course, if you are still worried that you need to sleep a little longer and are not short of money, you can also choose Muji duvet. Remember to buy genuine Muji duvets, which look like 1000+, and you get what you pay for. > & gt
Question 4: What is good for home heating in winter? What to use for heating is purely a personal preference. Some people like to use air conditioners, but most people don't, because the air conditioners are too dry. Ordinary heaters consume less electricity in the heating area. My friend recommended a product to me, and it worked well last winter. It doesn't seem to be on the market yet.
Question 5: According to the national standard, how many degrees should indoor heating reach in winter? Please judge according to the following relevant international standards: the relevant regulations of the state on room temperature
The requirements of indoor sanitation for temperature in winter in China include the following parts.
The suitable range of central temperature of room temperature central heating room is 16 ~ 20℃, and that of decentralized heating room is 13 ~ 17℃. The indoor temperature in any area in winter shall not be lower than 13℃.
Vertical temperature difference refers to the difference between the temperature at 0. 1 m above the ground and the temperature at 1.5 m above the ground. The vertical temperature difference is too large, the foot temperature drops, and the body temperature regulation is tense, which is not good for health. General vertical temperature difference should be less than 3℃.
Horizontal temperature difference refers to the indoor temperature difference at each point at1.5m.. Generally, it is easy to catch cold in doorways, windows, corridors and other places, and the indoor horizontal temperature difference is too large, so the horizontal temperature difference should not exceed 2 ~ 3℃.
In 2002, the national indoor air quality standard, namely GB/T 18883-2002, was formulated. It is stipulated that the heating standard in winter is 16 ~ 24℃, and the indoor temperature that meets this standard is indoor comfortable temperature.
The Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Areas stipulates that the design temperature of bedrooms and living rooms in indoor heating environment in winter is 16 ~ 18℃.
According to the indoor environmental quality standard item in the "Guidelines for Planning and Design of Well-off Urban and Rural Residential Science and Technology Industry Demonstration Community in 2002" formulated by the state, the indoor temperature in heating areas in winter is 16 ~ 2 1℃. According to the standard of "healthy residence" determined by the World Health Organization, the indoor temperature is kept at 16 ~ 28℃ all the year round.
GB 50 189―2005 specifies different indoor temperature standards for different building types such as office, sports, commerce and catering.
The determination method of room temperature is also stipulated in GB/T 18204. 13-2000. The central indoor area of the measuring room is less than16o; More than 16O but less than 30O, measure two points (the diagonal of the room is divided into three equal parts, and the second equal part is used as the measuring point); More than 30O but less than 60O to measure three points (the diagonal of the room is divided into four parts, and the three equal points are used as measuring points); Measure five points above 60O (plum blossom on the second diagonal). The height of the measuring point from the ground is 0.8 ~ 1.6m, and the distance from the wall and heat source should not be less than 0.5m.
National standards are of great significance to national economic and technological development and need to be unified nationwide. National standards are applicable throughout the country, and standards at other levels shall not contradict them. The standards in China have the nature of laws and regulations, and the mandatory standards in China are equivalent to some mandatory regulations in China. Some cities have raised the room temperature standard to ≥ 18℃, which is higher than the national standard.
Three, the room temperature standard from ≥ 16℃ to ≥ 18℃ and then calculate the coal consumption.
In China, cogeneration and central heating are the main methods, and decentralized heating is adopted in some areas. The fuel is mainly coal. The central heating area in China is growing at an average annual rate of 200 million square meters.
If the indoor temperature of central heating areas in China is raised from ≥ 16℃ to ≥ 18℃ in 2005, the indoor temperature will be increased according to the current heating period per square meter (Harbin 36.3kg, Changchun 37.0kg, Jilin 32. 1kg, Shenyang 27.8kg, Dalian 22.7kg, Baotou 40.
China is in the process of rapid urbanization. According to the World Bank's forecast, by 2020, the area of new civil buildings in cities will be100 ~1500 million m2. More than 7 billion square meters of new buildings will need heating. The heating rate reached 40%, and the central heating area reached 6 billion O. According to the current energy consumption level, the temperature increased from ≥ 16℃ to ≥ 18℃, and the coal consumption in that year increased by 4.83 million tons of standard coal. It is equivalent to1.900 million m2 of heating coal.
Taking Hohhot, Yinchuan and Lanzhou as examples, the heating room temperature standard was adjusted from ≥ 16℃ to ≥ 18℃ (coal consumption 6K/m2? Monthly calculation), its energy consumption increment and coal consumption increment are as follows:
In the winter of 2007, the total heating area of the three cities was144.59 million m2. The average increment of energy consumption is 3.2 1%, which increases the coal consumption by about10.2 million tons of standard coal. ...& gt& gt
Question 6: How to keep warm indoors in Shanghai in winter? The winter in Shanghai is cold and bitter, so there is no need for heating. You can choose floor heating when decorating. If there is no floor heating, you can buy full heating online to spend the cold winter.
Choose a decoration company and go to "Tintin Decoration".
Question 7: How to keep warm indoors in winter? Try these four tips to keep warm. 1. Invert radiator. Some families put a radiator on the heater for the sake of beauty when decorating. In order to ensure the heating effect, it is best to open the radiator cover. If you think this will affect the appearance, you can turn the radiator cover upside down and let the louver net face up, so as to dissipate heat more fully. 2. The reflective film is installed behind the radiator. An aluminum buckle plate with a metal surface can be installed behind the radiator, and a metal film of a kitchen stove or a metal film for baking food can be installed on the wall between the radiator and the wall, which can play the role of heat preservation and reflection of heating heat. 3. Install sealing strips on doors and windows. Some old aluminum alloy doors and windows and steel windows have no sealing strips, and some new sealing strips for doors and windows will age after being used for a period of time, resulting in indoor heat loss. The sealing strip can be installed and replaced again. 4. Glass laminated insulating film. 40% of indoor heat in winter is related to the heat loss of window glass, especially in some families with French windows. In winter, the indoor temperature is relatively low, so you can keep warm by sticking glass insulation film and brushing glass insulation paint.
Question 8: How to ventilate and keep warm indoors in winter? How to keep warm indoors in winter?
1, splash water on the ground to adjust the room temperature.
In winter, the climate is dry, and some fresh water is often poured into the room, which not only keeps a certain air temperature, but also increases the indoor temperature by 1∽2℃. Because in general, the temperature at the top of the room is much higher than that of the floor, splashing some water can make the hot air at the top of the room flow to the ground, so the indoor temperature rises slightly and the indoor air is warm and fresh.
2. Live in a square room
Because the room with a square floor has the best warm effect and is suitable for bedroom use, if there are two rooms to live in, one is rectangular and the other is square, then it is best to live in a square room.
3. Change the interior decoration style
For visual warmth, in winter, fabric furniture can be used instead of solid wood or iron rattan furniture, and wooden seats can also be wrapped with fabric materials. The living room and bedroom should be carpeted with stone and tiles. Lighting equipment should also be replaced with warm light sources, tapestries should be hung on the walls, and curtains with heavy texture and deep color should be replaced.
4, warm air partition
In order to raise the temperature and change the direction of air flow in the space, the indoor space pattern can also be changed appropriately. Placing small pieces of furniture and soft screens in spacious and empty spaces or in front of windows can prevent cold air from rushing in. Use small furniture such as bookcases as partitions, which will not be abrupt visually, but also allow the sun to shine on every corner.
Let the sun shine directly into the house.
In winter, indoor air pollution is dozens of times more serious than outdoor air pollution. Always open doors and windows for ventilation to purify the air and refresh your brain. In case of sunny day, it's best to close the curtains or open the window to let the sun shine directly into the room, which can not only keep the indoor air fresh and circulate, but also improve the indoor temperature.
6. Decorative glass
Glass has a high thermal conductivity, and it wastes a lot of heat when it is conducted to the outside through glass. If the transparent plastic film is nailed on the outdoor window frame while sealing the window seam, the room temperature can be increased by 3-5℃ due to the addition of a new air insulation layer.
7. Close thick curtains
Different from tulle curtains in summer, autumn and winter curtains can not only adjust the light, but also have the effect of wind sealing. The choice of curtain cloth in winter should be thick and warm, and it should be chosen according to the orientation. The windows facing south have plenty of sunshine, and there are many choices in winter, while the rooms facing north are often cold and gloomy, so you must choose carefully in winter. The color is mainly dark warm tones, and the material can be warm materials such as cotton or flannel, which has a certain dustproof and soundproof effect in addition to the heat insulation effect.
8. bask in the quilt often.
In winter, because it is cold indoors, quilts should always be taken out to dry. The best drying time is from noon 1 1 to 2 pm. Most people have the habit of slapping when they are in bask in the quilt, but the warm-keeping effect will inevitably be affected after the quilt is slapped. So don't panic. In addition, when drying, it is best to turn your back to the sun, protect the material of the quilt cover, and let the quilt directly contact the sun to get the best drying effect.
9. Install and replace door and window sealing strips
Old aluminum alloy doors and windows and steel windows have no sealing strips, and some new sealing strips for doors and windows will age after being used for a period of time, resulting in indoor heat loss.
10, softening space and reducing indifference
The bathroom space is the place with the heaviest humidity in the home. Soft and bright decorations can be used to soften the space in winter. It is also a good way to decorate the bathroom with green plants, which can brighten the space and drive away the cold breath of the space. In addition, the bathroom space should be cleaned and kept dry, which will also reduce the "indifference".
Question 9: What is the best way to keep warm in winter? 30 points: urban or rural?
Cities can use gas-fired coal-fired heating stoves.
Heating stoves burning coal and firewood can be used in rural areas.
Question 10: The house is very big. What should I use to keep warm in winter? Where is your home? Is it a simple decoration or a simple way to keep warm? Without heating, we usually buy electric heaters in the market to keep warm, which is easy to get on our bodies. But this method of converting electricity into heat is inefficient and consumes a lot of electricity, and people will get angry after a long time. This is only local heating. There is no electric heater, and it is very cold elsewhere. If we want to keep the house warm, we must do a good job of indoor insulation. For example, use double glass, don't open doors and windows often, and lay carpets. Steaming will also warm up. Other small heating things are also useful. For example, warm baby stickers, hot water bottles, heating candles, etc ... Your room is big, and clothes will be warm in the east and west ~ ~