Besides Cao Cao's request to Emperor Xian of Han to confer the title of Marquis of Hanshou Pavilion during his lifetime, Guan Yu's official official position was as the governor of Xiangyang, and as the governor of Jingzhou affairs. Liu Bei gave him the title of General of Dangkou, then Former General, the first of the "Five Tiger Generals" of Shu Han. Forty-one years after his death, in the third year of the Jingyao era of the Three Kingdoms (260, which was the 100th anniversary of his birth), Liu Zen, the later lord of the Three Kingdoms, posthumously honored him with the title of Marquis of Strong Mu. However, from the beginning of the Northern and Southern Dynasties until the end of the Qing Dynasty, Guan Yu was honored by successive feudal emperors and kings, "Husband and King, King and Emperor, Emperor and Sage, Sage and Heaven", praising and honoring him endlessly, with endless temple sacrifices, and Guan Yu's fame spreading to both home and abroad, making him one of the most worshipped sacred idols in history, so much so that he became synonymous with Confucius and known as the "two saints of literature and martial arts".
Guan Yu is known for his loyalty, righteousness, bravery and martial arts. Successive generations of feudal rulers have needed such a typical character to serve as a guardian deity to maintain their rule, and thus immensely exaggerated and rendered their character integrity of loyalty, righteousness, bravery and martial arts, in the hope that more civil and military officials and generals would be like Guan Yu to be as loyal and righteous as the king, and to offer their bravery and martial arts to the gods and goddesses of the earth and the countryside.
Guanyu was knighted in the Song Dynasty. Huizong Zhao Ji in the first year of Zongning (1102) posthumously awarded Guan Yu for the "Chung Hui Gong", so that Yu from the marquis into the duke. After a year, and in the Chongning three years into the Feather as "Chongning true ruler"; Daguan two years (1108) and then sealed Feather as "Zhaolie Wu'an Wang"; Xuanhe five years (1123) and sealed Feather as "righteousness and courage Wu'an Wang ". In just 21 years, Zhao Ji sealed Guan Yu as many as 4 times, from the marquis into the public, from the public into the king, from the king into the king. The first emperor of the southern song dynasty, zhao ju also declared that guan yu can "wreak havoc on the evil-doer's front, save the drowning of the liyuan", in jianyan two years (1128) to seal the feather as "strong miu yi yong wu'an king", his son, zhao ji even said guan yu "born to set up a great festival with the His son, Zhao Zhen, even said that Guan Yu, "born to establish a great honor and heaven and earth and pass on, cast for the gods throughout the ages and immortal", "the name of the history books, the work of the people", in the fourteenth year of Chunxi (1187), Feng Fei as "strong Muyi Yongyong wu'an yingji king".
After the death of the Song Dynasty, the Mongols dominated the Central Plains and established the Yuan Dynasty. Yuan Wenzong Tutemur in the first year of the Tianli (1328) in the Southern Song Dynasty to the Feather on the title to remove the "strong Mu", changed to "show the spirit", the full title is "show the spirit of righteousness and courage Wu'an Yingji Wang".
Sealing Guan Yu as emperor began in the Ming Dynasty. After the death of Zhu Yuanzhang, by the Prince Zhu Yun succeeded to the throne, the year number "Jianwen". In the third year of the Jianwen reign (1399), Zhu Di staged an armed coup and seized the throne by capturing Nanjing in the name of "purging the ruler's side". Zhu Di said that his actions were blessed by the spirit of Guan Yu, and that it was "God's will" that he should be the emperor. The emperor said that Guan Yu was a god, and the officials and people at all levels also respected Guan Yu as a god. To the middle and late Ming Dynasty Zhengde four years (1509), the court ordered the national Guan temple will be renamed "Zhongwu Temple". Wanli twenty-two years (1594),
At the request of the Taoist priest Zhang Tongyuan, Emperor Zhu Yijun into the Guan Yu as emperor, the title of the Guan Temple was also changed from "Zhongwu" to "Yinglie". Wanli forty-two years (1614) in October, Zhu Yijun Feng Yu for "three worlds of the devil God Wei Yuan Zhentian Zun Guan Sheng Di Jun" (see "Cough Yu Congkao" "old nursery series of talk" two books). The solution of the county records and the "Shanxi Tongzhi" on the Guan Yu emperor records and the above statement is different: one said that the Wanli eighteen years (1590) Fei as "Xietian protect the country loyal emperor"; said that the Wanli ten years Fei as "Xietian Da Di". Which one of these is true history, remains to be seen.
The rulers of the Qing Dynasty were also extremely loyal to Guan Yu. Before the entry of the World ancestor Fulin and the Mongolian khan brotherhood, said "also like Guan Yu's and Liu Bei, the service is only rigorous also". After the first year of Shunzhi (1644), that is, the Feather for the "loyalty and righteousness of the God of martial arts Guan Sheng Da Di". Saint Xuan Ye in the forty-second year of the Kangxi (1703) west tour through the Xiezhou visit GuanDi temple, personally wrote "righteousness Bing QianKun" plaque. His Holiness Yinzhen in the Yongzheng four years (1726) posthumously feathered distant ancestor, grandfather, father as a duke. After the Qianlong, after the Jiaqing, Daoguang two dynasties, the Feather's title has been added to the "Benevolent and courageous Weixian protect the country and protect the people sincere appeasement Fei Zhan Xuan De Zhongyi Shenwu Guan Sheng Da Di", as many as 24 words, more than the successive commendations particularly noteworthy. Wen Zong Yi Ning in Xianfeng five years (1855) posthumously appointed Feather's distant ancestor for the "King of Light", grandfather for the "Yu Chang Wang", father for the "King of Chengzhong". In this way, since the feather above four generations, three kings and one emperor, showy, even the Qing dynasty's palace also offered up the god of Guan Yu.
Warriors honored as a martial arts saint
Guan Yu's life is known for its loyalty, righteousness, bravery and martial arts, so the military are very revered. Commander-in-chief to lead the army, generals and soldiers to fight, all the battle, regardless of the just and unjust, all hope that their generals and soldiers strong martial arts, valor and tenacity, Guan Yu will be a role model and honored as a saint of martial arts. Northern Song Dynasty Liangshan Po peasant insurgents, in order to fight for Guan Yu's descendants "big sword Guan Sheng" on the mountain into the partnership, in order to strengthen the prestige of the insurgent army, the morale of the soldiers, the leader Song Jiang willing to give up their own first chair
Chair. Later, at the end of the Yuan Dynasty to Liu Futong as the head of the red scarf peasant insurgents and the end of the Ming Dynasty Gao Ying sample, Li Zicheng, Zhang Xianzhong as the leader of the peasant insurgents, until the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Hong Xiuquan led by the peasant insurgent army, are very revered Guan Yu. Taiping Heavenly Kingdom insurgent army compiled and printed a booklet called "heavenly feelings reasoning book", the back of the book is attached to the East King Yang Xiuqing praised the heavenly brother and sister of 51 poems, of which there are more than 10 is to Guan Yu and other Shu Han brave will come to compare the heroes of the Kingdom of heaven: "the ancient name of the Guan (Fei) Zhao (Yun) the most heroic, heavenly kingdom of the heroes of the same will. "Sweep away
world demon millions, heroes better than Han Guan (Yu) Zhang (Fei)" and so on. Some places will be dedicated to Guan Yu's temple known as the martial arts temple, the temple will be sacrificed to Guan Yu and Yue Fei also known as the "Double Guan Temple", folk saying, Yue Fei is loyal and righteous God of martial arts Guan Gong reincarnation. Interestingly, in the Republic of China in 3 years (1914), Yuan Shikai held by the Beiyang government also ordered the construction of Guan Yue Temple in Beijing Drum Tower West, will be Guan Gong and Yue Fei worship, praying for his Beiyang army generals and Guan Yu as courageous as the good fighting, and always win.
Business as the God of Wealth
In Hong Kong, Macao and Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and other Southeast Asian countries, Chinese, overseas Chinese business places, almost every major companies, businesses, stores are enshrined in the statue of Guan Yu, the business people see Guan Yu as the God of Wealth to attract wealth and protect the business of the God of Wealth. Mainland merchants worship Guan Yu began at the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China is more prevalent. With the development of the commodity economy, there are foreign merchants gathered everywhere, and Jin merchants are the only leader, the number and wide distribution. Gathered in a place of the same nationality merchants more
To set up a "Chamber of Commerce" and the establishment of "Hall" way to contact each other, for their own interests. The main god worshipped by the local chambers of commerce is the God of Guan, and the pattern of the guangwan building is completely modeled after that of the Guan Di Temple. After the reform and opening up, with the establishment of the socialist commodity market, especially the freedom of belief and the relaxation of the political environment, a large number of private individual businessmen and non-state-owned businessmen and please Guan Yu, the god as a psychological support, hoping to bless their own business prosperity, often good luck. Located in Yuncheng Railway Station Square west of the "Guan Gong Hotel"
is a private investment by the opening of a comprehensive accommodation and catering industry, the general manager of Zhang Xiaobie and Guan Yu fellow townsmen, he is not only Guan Gong for the name of the hotel, but also in the reception hall ad hoc beautifully decorated shrine, built-in full-body sedum carvings of the God of Guan Gong, in addition to Guan Gong festival day, Traditional festivals in front of the shrine set up offerings, devoutly begging for the spirit, the hotel opens its doors every day, by the security guards to the God of Guan Gong statue of incense salute, every day, never interrupted, but also requires all staff to familiarize themselves with the life story of the God of Guan Gong, to learn Guan Gong's loyalty to righteousness and dedication to the spirit of the business community in the district is more representative of this.
Protecting the people of the devil
Guanyu as the "three worlds of the devil" is the Ming Wanli years. Since then, Guan Yu has not only become an official deity worshipped by the feudal court, but also a deity worshipped by the people. Early Qing Dynasty historian and archaeologist Zhao Yi said in his "New Yu Jung Kao": "Now and the south pole of the Ling table, the North Pole cold Tan, all children and women, there is no one who does not shock its mighty spirit. The incense will be immortalized with heaven and earth." In the minds of the common people, the living Guan Yu is a loyal, brave, righteous heroes; death of Guan Yu is also a calm square corner, clean up China and abroad, subduing demons and demons of the mighty God. Only by worshipping the God of Guan can we turn misfortune into good fortune, present samples in times of trouble, and keep our family healthy and peaceful in all seasons.
Buddhist and Taoist Protectors
Buddhist respect for Guan Gong for the protection of Galang Shen Qing Qianlong version of the "Guan Di Zhi - Spiritual - built Yuquan" recorded in the twelfth year of the Sui Kaihuang (592), Dangyang Tiantai Zhi Zhi Zhi night dream of Guan Gong manifestation of the spirit of the promise of "I am when the power to build a temple for the protection of the Buddha," and the great power of the promotion of the Yuchuan Temple into the Guan Gong received five precepts, so this temple Galang. Five precepts, so this temple Galang God. Galang, is the transliteration of Sanskrit, meaning "the garden" or "abomination yard", this refers to the Buddhist temple, and later also known as the temple's guardian deity for Galang. Examining other historical records, "Buddha Tuanji - Zhi Zhi Biography" cloud: Zhi Zhi named Zhiyi. (539-597)
, is the founder of the Buddhist Tiantai Sect, the world known as "Tiantai masters", Kaihuang thirteen, fourteen years (593-594) was in Jingzhou Yuquan Temple oration after the Song Dynasty, Guan Gong by a monastery (or Buddhism) of the After the Song Dynasty, Guan Gong became the patron saint of one monastery (or one Buddhist sect) and jumped to become the patron saint of the whole of Chinese Buddhism, and all monasteries invited Guan Gong into their thresholds. Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou, Shanxi Wutai Mountain, some temples and Jiaocheng County, Tianning Temple have Guan Gong statue, even Beijing's famous Lama Temple, Yonghe Palace, also in the west across the courtyard of the Hall of the emperor, enshrined a beautifully crafted Guan Gong bronze casting of the statue of a seated.
The Taoists honored Guan Gong as "righteousness and courage Wuan Wang" "righteousness and courage Wuan Wang'' although Song Zhenzong Zhao Heng in the Dazhong Xiangfu seven years (1014) given Guan Gong's title, the cause of the matter but with the Taoists respected Guan Yu It is the beginning of the Taoist worship of Guan Yu in China. According to The Complete Collection of Guan Di's Sacred Sites and The Complete Book of the Three Religions' Origin and Flow of the Search for God, in the seventh year of the Dazhongxiangfu period, the assassin of Xiezhou reported to the imperial court that there was a disaster in the salt ponds of Xiezhou, and that the water did not produce salt. The emperor sent to Xiezhou City Long Temple prayers, dreaming that it is Chi Yu. The emperor sent from the letter of the state of Longhu Mountain imperial edict to Zhang Tianshi subdued Chi You. Zhang Tianshi recommended the most heroic Shu Han General Guan "will be its success". After the pool by Guan Yu in the solution and Chiyu big
seven days of war, killed Chiyu, so that the salt pond water back to life salt. Zhang Tianshi originally referred to the Eastern Han Dynasty, "Wu Dou Mi Dao"
founder Zhang Ling. "Tianshi" began in the Wei and Jin dynasties, is the Taoists on Zhang Ling's honorific. Unlike other sects, "five-doumei
Dao" is hereditary, Zhang Ling's children and grandchildren can inherit the position of the Divine Master, so Zhang Tianshi has become the generations of the Divine Master of the general
name. Guan Gong beheading Chi You is a ridiculous mythological story, but the Song Zhenzong period of Taoism leader Zhang Tianshi first
invited Guan Yu out of the demons and monsters, began to pull Guan Gong into the door of Taoism, and later Taoist believers are respected Guan Yu.
Symbol of righteousness
The image of Guan Yu was embraced by the vast middle and lower classes of Chinese feudal society throughout the ages. To the Republic of China period, some folk groups, clubs and organizations are very much admire the spirit and character of Guan Yu, praising his loyalty and bravery, there is the so-called "look up to the sun and the moon, afraid of the thunder", to the loyalty and righteousness of Guan Yu as a unity of the internal bond. In the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, the Boxer Rebellion, the White Lotus Society, the Tien-Di Association, the Brotherhood
Association, the Green and Red (Hong) Gang, the Triad and so on, all especially respect Guan Yu. Brotherhood line opening ceremony, will be in the deep mountains where the ancient temple, choose the auspicious day of the zodiac, the field of the front wall worship Guan Yu and other gods. Triad's branches are all sacrificed to the feather, its initiation ceremony is both solemn and secret, choose a secret room, called "Saffron Pavilion", in the worship of Guan Yu, the forehead is said to be "loyalty and righteousness hall", the center of the hall set scissors, peach branches, scissors said to be able to cut open the dark clouds of the sheltered sky, the peach branches that Liu Bei, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, the meaning of the bond of righteousness. Zhang Fei, the meaning of righteousness.