Question 2: The market system of circulation The market system of commodity circulation refers to the market system and its scope of action that constrains and influences commodity circulation activities. Circulation, as the name suggests, is the industry engaged in the flow and trade of goods or services. In other words, the whole process from enterprise to consumer after the commodity or service is produced from the enterprise is circulation. The former is production, the latter is consumption, and the middle is circulation. In China, the circulation industry is divided into three categories: generalized, broad and narrow, which are selected according to the needs. In the narrow sense, the circulation industry only includes retailing, wholesaling and logistics. The broad circulation industry includes retailing, wholesaling, logistics, catering and tourism. The generalized circulation industry includes the hotel industry, leisure and entertainment industry, auction industry, pawnbroking industry, used goods industry, and monopoly industry, in addition to the scope of the above five subsectors. In China's official statistics, the distribution industry currently only includes retail, wholesale and catering. The logistics industry, which is of greater concern to everyone, has a big problem in statistics at present because it is really difficult to define the division of labor between the transportation industry and the logistics industry. In the traditional statistical system, due to the fact that "production is emphasized over distribution", the understanding of and statistics on distribution are quite incomplete, therefore, it is almost impossible to get accurate data on the distribution industry at present. At the same time, because the circulation industry reflects the quality and level of the economy, by a city or region of the GDP contribution is not very obvious, therefore, the current local *** to its importance of the lack of awareness.
Question 3: the establishment of a standardized circulation system where the difficulty What is the core issue of farmers market transformation? Answer these questions, need to do further research and analysis. Unlike traditional agricultural society, modern industrial society has three characteristics, namely scale, standardization, synchronization. The emergence of large-scale farmers' markets after the 1980s in China adapted to the needs of modern industrial society in terms of scale, but at the same time brought about the problem of information asymmetry: what the operators sell is not necessarily their own production, and even if it is their own production, the consumers do not know what has been added in the production process. Later, more and more enterprises intervened in the operation of farmers' markets. Under this trend, more social controls such as food and drug safety and hygiene were strengthened. But why have controls failed so often over the years? It is because the control is external and there is always the problem of information asymmetry with producers and consumers. With the acceleration of urbanization and the aggravation of food safety problems, both market managers and consumers want to break the information asymmetry. Against this background, supermarkets came into being. Supermarkets self-regulate by building their own reputation model. Of course supermarkets are suitable for the middle and high end and big cities. Going to the supermarket after work and going home afterwards is the third characteristic of industrial society, i.e. synchronization. But in small and medium-sized cities, especially in urban and rural areas, it is not necessarily suitable. Even inside big cities, what is suitable for middle and high income earners is not necessarily suitable for middle and low income earners. At present, China is transforming from a farmer-based society to a citizen-based society, and must accelerate the establishment of a standardized distribution system that is compatible with industrialization, urbanization and scale, including solving the problem of modern market reinvention, which will help solve the problems of distribution convenience, logistics costs and regulation. China Merchant Group's exploration of farmers' supermarkets is, on the one hand, a step forward on the basis of traditional farmers' markets, and on the other hand, a step backward on the basis of modern supermarkets, which happens to meet the needs of the transition between rural and urban areas. This positioning just combines the scale and standardization of modern industrial society with the flexibility and convenience of traditional markets, and at a relatively low cost. The market provider has changed from a developer to an operator. In terms of the market itself, in addition to the original real estate and tenants, the work of the original market management committee has to be taken over. In addition to this, price constraints have been strengthened. In this sense, China Merchant's exploration deserves recognition. But in this direction forward, there are still some issues to be resolved. First, standardization should be standardized to what extent? Second, to maintain the advantages of scale and standardization at the same time, how to effectively balance the original convenience and flexibility? Third, the enterprise self-managed farmers supermarket, take the initiative to assume social responsibility, their own profit and loss in which the combination of the results of the earnings pattern is what kind of? *** More policy and financial support should be given to ensure that enterprises can achieve economic and social benefits win-win.
Question 4: What is the circulation industry Owner:
Although it is often into the open business network! However, up to now for the scope of the concept of circulation industry, I am still very vague! The explanation of the circulation industry is too much! Said it includes what retail ah, wholesale ah and .......... But what it actually is I'm not very clear!
Read the book will have this feeling! Such as learning marketing, said marketing and includes logistics ah, financial ah, and anything else. Then learn logistics, and said logistics is not a narrow understanding of logistics, is also included in other what what! In short, did not learn a what section, it feels like the researcher will be the scope of their discipline is constantly expanding! Constantly exaggerating the importance of their discipline! It really makes me fuzzy!
In fact, the categorization of these disciplines should be from their different perspectives of observing things! And then they all observe the same thing!
First, on the division of labor and definition of disciplines
Any discipline has a clear positioning, division of labor and functions, rather than a boundless hat. Therefore, you say "marketing and logistics ah, finance ah, and everything else", this is absolutely not valid. Marketing is marketing, logistics is logistics, this is absolutely not together.
Only, between different disciplines, there is a certain attribution. For example, marketing and logistics, can be categorized under the management discipline. At the same time, there is a link between the disciplines, for example, the establishment of marketing channels should take into account the characteristics of logistics, but this is only a link, but can not say that marketing includes logistics. They are two completely different things.
Simply put, marketing is how to find ways to impress the buyer, to sell the product or service, to achieve business purposes. Camp, is to think of ways, marketing, is to sell. The key to this is "selling".
And logistics, mainly the flow of physical goods, including commodities. It emphasizes the "flow", that is, the physical transfer of goods. Think about it, the whole country or the world, every day, how many physical in the flow to and fro, this is a number of interesting and huge project ah. For example, when the United States fought Ithaca, it was logistics to move so many weapons, household goods, and medical and other supplies from all over the world in a limited amount of time.
Walmart wants to distribute the goods it purchases from South China to shopping malls all over the world, and how to do it quickly, cost-effectively, and accurately, and that's logistics. Coca-Cola wants to send the beverages it produces in Guangzhou to all parts of South China in a timely and error-free manner, and that's logistics.
Obviously, logistics is not marketing. When a company finds a buyer through marketing, the process of getting the product to the buyer is logistics. Marketing is more of a "way to sell things".
Second, the hierarchy of disciplines
Different disciplines are different levels, that is, high level and low level. The same is true of concepts, as well as industries.
The distribution industry is a wide range of industrial division, and it corresponds to the manufacturing industry and other large industrial division.
All industries can be categorized into three major industries, i.e. primary, secondary and tertiary. The tertiary sector is also known as the service sector. The service industry can be categorized from different perspectives, such as according to the service object can be divided into production services, living services, public **** services, etc., and at the same time, according to the classification of service products, such as intermediary services, education services, etc.. The circulation industry is classified according to the function of the service, it is the tertiary industry or service in the sub-categorization.
Of course, the reference to the circulation industry is not consistent with that of foreign countries, which is related to the four links of production, circulation, distribution and consumption in the Chinese economic system. In the Western economic system, generally not so divided.
Third, the circulation of multiple meanings
Circulation industry, as the name suggests, is engaged in the flow of goods or services and trading industry. In other words, after the goods or services from the enterprise production, the whole process from the enterprise to the consumer, is the circulation. The former is production, the latter is consumption, and the middle is circulation.
In China, the circulation industry is divided into three categories: generalized, broad and narrow, selected according to need.
The narrow sense of the circulation industry only includes retail, wholesale, logistics.
The broader distribution industry includes retail, wholesale, logistics, catering, and tourism.
In addition to the above five sub-sectors, the circulation industry in a broad sense also includes the hotel industry, leisure and entertainment industry, auction industry, pawnbroking industry, thrift industry, monopoly industry.
In China's official statistics, the circulation industry currently only includes retail, wholesale and catering.
The logistics industry, which we are more concerned about, is currently a big problem in statistics, because it is really difficult to define the division of labor between the transportation industry and the logistics industry.
In the traditional statistical system, due to the "heavy production, light circulation", therefore, the understanding of the circulation and statistics are quite incomplete, therefore, to get accurate data on the circulation industry is almost impossible.
At the same time, because the circulation industry reflects ...... >>
Question 5: Why is Japan's commodity circulation system the most complex China's use of traditional Chinese medicine to cure the disease of the population base is very large, the quality of traditional Chinese medicine directly affects the people's health, the current, the quality of traditional Chinese medicinal materials management system is poorly organized, and needs to be resolved with great effort. The establishment of a traceability system for the circulation of Chinese herbal medicines is conducive to the responsibility of bad herbal medicines to reverse the investigation, to prevent unscrupulous drug dealers from illegal drug trafficking.
Question six: the idea of building a circulation system for agricultural products Normative and sound market system is the carrier of modern circulation. Mature and developed market economy is based on a standardized and sound market system. Should establish a vertical and horizontal market network of agricultural products: the collection and distribution of goods, according to the production and marketing process, collection and distribution sequence in an orderly manner. In terms of collecting goods, there are primary markets, center markets and terminal markets; in terms of bulk goods, there are wholesale markets and retail markets. According to the transaction mode, there are spot market and futures market. According to the economic composition, there are state-owned shopping malls, cooperative shopping malls, joint-stock malls and private shopping malls. Various forms of market circulation main body is the foundation of modern circulation. Participate in the circulation of agricultural products market activities of individuals and organizations are the main market, its strength and development level is the key to the overall function of the agricultural market. Circulation market main body including market and agricultural products circulation intermediary service organizations. They are the support and guarantee system necessary for the smooth operation of agricultural markets and the functioning of market mechanisms. Agricultural products information circulation system and *** for regulation and control is an important platform and guarantee of modern circulation. In the era of information networked market economy, information plays a vital role for enterprises. The establishment of a good agricultural information circulation system can better reconcile or solve the contradiction between the diversified and extensive needs of people and the backwardness of the trading method. Extend the market to every family, every consumer's side and desk, in the commodity trading has adopted the information network means today, must be supported by the continuous development of agricultural products information network platform.
Question 7: the key to the construction of a modern circulation system for agricultural products where the key to the current circulation of agricultural products in the logistics infrastructure
Question 8: What is the circulation industry? Owner:
Although it is often into the open business network! However, up to now for the scope of the concept of circulation industry, I am still very vague! Circulation industry explanation is too much! Said it includes what retail ah, wholesale ah and .......... But what it actually is I'm not very clear!
Read the book will have this feeling! Such as learning marketing, said marketing and includes logistics ah, financial ah, and anything else. Then learn logistics, and said logistics is not a narrow understanding of logistics, is also included in other what what! In short, did not learn a what section, it feels like the researcher will be the scope of their discipline is constantly expanding! Constantly exaggerating the importance of their discipline! It really makes me fuzzy!
In fact, the categorization of these disciplines should be from their different perspectives of observing things! And then they all observe the same thing!
First, on the division of labor and definition of disciplines
Any discipline has a clear positioning, division of labor and functions, rather than a boundless hat. Therefore, you say "marketing and logistics ah, finance ah, and everything else", this is absolutely not valid. Marketing is marketing, logistics is logistics, this is absolutely not together.
Only, between different disciplines, there is a certain attribution. For example, marketing and logistics, can be categorized under the management discipline. At the same time, there is a link between the disciplines, for example, the establishment of marketing channels should take into account the characteristics of logistics, but this is only a link, but can not say that marketing includes logistics. They are two completely different things.
Simply put, marketing is how to find ways to impress the buyer, to sell the product or service, to achieve business purposes. Camp, is to think of ways, marketing, is to sell. The key to this is "selling".
And logistics, mainly the flow of physical goods, including commodities. It emphasizes the "flow", that is, the physical transfer of goods. Think about it, the whole country or the world, every day, how many physical in the flow to and fro, this is a number of interesting and huge project ah. For example, when the United States fought Ithaca, it was logistics to move so many weapons, household goods, and medical and other supplies from all over the world in a limited amount of time.
Walmart wants to distribute the goods it purchases from South China to shopping malls all over the world, and how to do it quickly, cost-effectively, and accurately, and that's logistics. Coca-Cola wants to send the beverages it produces in Guangzhou to all parts of South China in a timely and error-free manner, and that's logistics.
Obviously, logistics is not marketing. When a company finds a buyer through marketing, the process of getting the product to the buyer is logistics. Marketing is more of a "way to sell things".
Second, the hierarchy of disciplines
Different disciplines are different levels, that is, high level and low level. The same is true of concepts, as well as industries.
Circulation is a wide range of industrial division, and it corresponds to the manufacturing industry and other large industrial division.
All industries can be categorized into three major industries, i.e. primary, secondary and tertiary. The tertiary sector is also known as the service sector. The service industry can be categorized from different perspectives, such as according to the service object can be divided into production services, living services, public **** services, etc., and at the same time, according to the classification of service products, such as intermediary services, education services, etc.. The circulation industry is classified according to the function of the service, it is the tertiary industry or service in the sub-categorization.
Of course, the reference to the circulation industry is not consistent with that of foreign countries, which is related to the four links of production, circulation, distribution and consumption in the Chinese economic system. In the Western economic system, generally not so divided.
Third, the circulation of multiple meanings
Circulation industry, as the name suggests, is engaged in the flow of goods or services and trading industry. In other words, after the goods or services from the enterprise production, the whole process from the enterprise to the consumer, is the circulation. The former is production, the latter is consumption, and the middle is circulation.
In China, the circulation industry is divided into three categories: generalized, broad and narrow, selected according to need.
The narrow sense of the circulation industry only includes retail, wholesale and logistics.
The broader distribution industry includes retailing, wholesaling, logistics, catering, and tourism.
In addition to the above five sub-sectors, the circulation industry in a broad sense also includes the hotel industry, leisure and entertainment industry, auction industry, pawnbroking industry, thrift industry, monopoly industry.
In China's official statistics, the circulation industry currently only includes retail, wholesale and catering.
The logistics industry, which we are more concerned about, is currently a big problem in statistics, because it is really difficult to define the division of labor between the transportation industry and the logistics industry.
In the traditional statistical system, due to "heavy production, light circulation", because ...... >>
Problem 9: the problems of the circulation system of agricultural products The problems of the circulation of agricultural products are mainly the contradiction between the small production and the big market, and there is a high cost of circulation of agricultural products, the information is not flexible and poor convergence of production and marketing. In view of these problems, in order to activate the circulation, reduce the cost and strengthen the degree of organization, we mainly focus on the construction of cold chain, processing and distribution, production and marketing docking and information guidance and other aspects of work. First, strengthening the construction of cold chain system. The Ministry of Commerce has taken the cold chain system as the focus of this year's agricultural circulation system construction. I would like to introduce a set of data to you. In developed countries, the rate of refrigerated transportation of food and fresh and live agricultural products has reached 80%-90%, while in China it is only about 10%, which is quite a big gap. China's fresh and live agricultural products loss rate of about 25%, in the United States only 2% to 3%, developed countries only about 5%. Our annual loss of agricultural products is at least 70 billion yuan, and some estimate it to be 100 billion. China has more than 700 million farmers, equivalent to 100 yuan per farmer. If the loss is reduced, farmers can increase their income by 100 yuan per capita. Therefore, the Ministry of Commerce to cold storage, freezing, cold chain transportation as a focus of this year's agricultural circulation infrastructure. Second, strengthen the production and marketing convergence. Developed countries call this order agriculture, that is, what I eat, what you sell, what I sell, what he produces, there is no production, only sell out. The proportion of orders in the United States accounted for about 80%, Malaysia also amounted to 60%. These supermarkets and markets and agricultural cooperatives to sign a contract, clear varieties of fruits and vegetables and prices, to stabilize the supply and marketing relationship. China's proportion in this regard is still very low, less than 15% of agricultural products sold through the order contract. Therefore, this year we would like to make more efforts in the connection between production and marketing, order agriculture, and the connection between agriculture and supermarkets, and encourage large-scale agricultural product distribution enterprises and supermarkets to dock with agricultural cooperatives and agricultural processing enterprises, so as to reduce blindness and increase predictability. Last year we engaged in a number of pilot projects, achieved very good results, according to Wumi, Jiajiayue, Carrefour and Wal-Mart and other large supermarkets reflect the implementation of the farmers and supermarkets to docking, farmers selling agricultural products prices on average increased by about 15%, the supermarket's selling price fell by 15%, both to promote the farmers to increase incomes, but also conducive to the city residents of the food security, farmers, consumers, enterprises benefit from the tripartite. The state should of course encourage this. Third, improve the degree of organization. China's distribution of agricultural products is still "thousands of families", "thousands of troops" scattered, while foreign countries rely on cooperatives to organize farmers, China also has cooperatives, but the degree of organization is not high enough. Some places have engaged in agricultural product processing and distribution centers to absorb thousands of farmers into the processing and then distributed to shopping malls, supermarkets, these for the solution of the production and marketing interface has played a very good role. Fourth, the establishment of quality and safety traceability system. Supporting wholesale markets to establish traceability systems, equipped with electronic transaction cards, it is possible to track where the products come from, where they are wholesaled to, and put information such as varieties and prices in the files. If there are safety problems with agricultural products, timely measures can be taken. Therefore, through the support of cold chain transportation, production and marketing, the degree of organization, quality and safety traceability, will be conducive to revitalize the circulation of agricultural products, reduce costs, improve efficiency, increase the income of farmers, and ensure the safety of the circulation of agricultural products.