Coronary heart disease is the abbreviation of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. The main clinical symptoms are angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, heart failure and cardiac enlargement. This disease belongs to the category of chest pain and chest obstruction in traditional Chinese medicine, which is mostly caused by deficiency of heart yang and stagnation of heart pulse.

Patients with coronary heart disease can prevent platelet aggregation, improve blood hypercoagulability and reduce blood lipid through appropriate drug treatment, and diet therapy is also very important. The following diet plan is very effective in treating coronary heart disease.

1, Stewed pork heart with Allium macrostemon

Pig heart 1, Allium macrostemon150g, and appropriate amount of pepper. Wash the pig heart, put it in a pot, add appropriate amount of water, bring it to a boil over high fire, pour in water onion, simmer over low fire until the pig heart becomes soft, and add seasoning. Take it with meals. Efficacy: strengthening yang and resolving stagnation, strengthening spleen and nourishing heart, regulating qi and promoting digestion.

This prescription is suitable for chest obstruction, chest distress and pain, shortness of breath and palpitation, insomnia, abdominal distension and pain, improper diet, thin stool, pale tongue with thin coating, and deep and thin pulse.

2. Danshen drink

Salvia miltiorrhiza 30g, sandalwood 6g, sugar 15g. Clean Saviae Miltiorrhizae Radix and Lignum Santali Albi, put into a pot, add appropriate amount of water, boil with strong fire, simmer for 45-60 minutes, and filter to remove residue. Take it daily 1 dose, divided into three times. Efficacy: promoting qi and blood circulation, nourishing blood and calming the nerves, regulating menstruation and relieving pain, and clearing away heat and vexation.

This prescription is suitable for hyperlipidemia, abnormal electrocardiogram, long-term depression in precordial area, sometimes colic, tongue stasis and so on. It can also be used for treating palpitation and insomnia, dysphoria, irregular menstruation of women and emotional discomfort during menstruation caused by blood stasis.

3. Sanren porridge

Peach kernel, jujube kernel, arborvitae kernel 10g, japonica rice 60g, sugar 15g. Pulverizing Semen Persicae, Semen Ziziphi Spinosae and Semen Platycladi, adding appropriate amount of water, boiling with strong fire for 30-40 minutes, filtering residue to obtain juice, cleaning japonica rice, pouring medicinal juice, boiling with strong fire, and decocting with slow fire to obtain porridge. You can take it with meals in the morning and evening.

This recipe can promote blood circulation, remove blood stasis, nourish the heart and soothe the nerves, moisten the intestines and relax the bowels. Suitable for chest tightness and occasional cramp due to blood stasis; Palpitation, shortness of breath, insomnia; Dry stool, yin deficiency and fluid deficiency, red tongue or ecchymosis.

Health tea for patients with coronary heart disease

Tea has always been recognized as a healthy drink: green tea can resist aging, black tea can prevent tooth decay, Pu 'er can help you lose weight, bitter bitter bitter can clear fire ... For people with coronary heart disease, choosing a suitable tea has many benefits.

There is a substance called catechin in most tea leaves, which can reduce blood viscosity, reduce blood lipid and dilate blood vessels. It is generally believed that fully fermented tea, such as Pu 'er tea, has a good effect of reducing blood fat and viscosity, while slightly bitter tea, such as oolong tea and Kuding tea, has a better effect of lowering blood pressure and blood fat because it can clear away heat and cool blood.

The following are some herbal teas recommended for patients with coronary heart disease:

Shuangshen tea: Danshen (daily 15g)+ Dangshen (daily10-15g)+tea.

Salvia miltiorrhiza has the effects of promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, clearing away heat and lowering blood fat, while Codonopsis pilosula has the effects of benefiting qi and strengthening the body, which is more suitable for patients with blood stasis who are tired and weak. Danshen or Codonopsis pilosula pieces can be purchased in pharmacies, and Chaze can choose according to personal taste. Need to be reminded that ginseng tablets should be washed with boiling water after purchase to filter out impurities.

Chrysanthemum tea: chrysanthemum+tea

For patients with hypertension or hyperlipidemia, chrysanthemum tea is a good choice, cheap and delicious. Because chrysanthemum is slightly bitter, you can add some rock sugar appropriately, which will not affect its lipid-lowering effect.

However, it is worth reminding that patients with coronary heart disease had better not drink strong tea, because strong tea contains more caffeine, which may lead to increased heart rate, increased oxygen consumption, or increased blood pressure, which will bring danger to patients. In addition, ginkgo leaf tea or ginkgo tea should also be drunk as little as possible. Because ginkgo biloba not only contains ginkgetins and ginkgolides that can dilate blood vessels, but also contains toxic ginkgolic acids. If you drink it for a long time, you may be poisoned. Be careful.

Diet should be avoided.

Vegetables and fruits

taboo

1, it is not advisable to overeat foods with high cholesterol, such as brain marrow, fat, egg yolk of animal viscera (heart, liver and kidney) and snails, shellfish, squid and squid fish in aquatic products.

2. Foods that excite the nervous system and promote vasospasm, such as strong tea, coffee, strong liquor and strong condiments (mustard, onion, garlic, mushrooms, etc. ) and should not be used.

3. The amount of salt should be properly controlled in the diet.

(2) Proper food

1, the diet should be light, eat more digestible food, and have plenty of vegetables and fruits.

2, eat less and eat more meals, and the amount of dinner should be less. Obese patients should control their food intake to reduce the burden on their hearts.

3. Eat more foods rich in vitamin E, such as wheat germ oil, corn oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, lettuce leaves, milk and so on.

4. Eat foods rich in magnesium, such as millet, oats, barley, beans and meat.

5, you can drink a small amount of beer, yellow wine, wine and other low-alcohol wines to promote blood circulation and harmony between qi and blood.

Prescription for treating coronary heart disease

1, Yiqi Huoxue decoction

Ingredients: Radix Codonopsis (Ginseng) 15g, Radix Ophiopogonis 12g, Fructus Schisandrae, Fructus Trichosanthis 15g, Ramulus Cinnamomi 8g, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae 15g, Rhizoma Chuanxiong 15g, Radix Paeoniae Rubra 15g.

Function: Warming yang and benefiting qi, promoting blood circulation and dredging pulse.

Indications: angina pectoris of coronary heart disease (chest obstruction and heartache)

2. Yangxin Zhi Ding Decoction

Ingredients: Radix Pseudostellariae 15g, Poria cocos 10g, Rhizoma Acori Graminei 10g, Radix Polygalae 10g, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae 10g, Ramulus Cinnamomi 8g, Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata 5g, Radix Ophiopogonis 10g, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei.

Usage: decoct with water, one dose per day.

Functions: benefiting heart qi, nourishing heart yang, nourishing heart yin, calming the heart and calming the nerves.

hypertension

First of all, a reasonable diet

1. The importance of diet to hypertension: Food is the most important thing for people. A reasonable diet can make you neither fat nor thin, and your cholesterol is neither high nor low.

2. The diet of patients with hypertension should be taboo:

(1) carbohydrate food:

Suitable for food-rice, porridge, noodles, noodles, Ge Fen, soup, taro and soft beans.

Foods that should be avoided-sweet potatoes (food that produces abdominal qi), dried beans, and biscuits with strong flavor.

② protein food-beef, lean pork, white meat fish, eggs, milk, dairy products (fresh cream, yeast milk, ice cream, cheese), bean products (tofu, natto, bean powder, oily tofu).

Foods to avoid-high-fat foods (pork belly, ribs, whales, herring, tuna, etc. of cattle and pigs. And processed products (sausages).

③ high-fat food

Suitable for food-vegetable oil, a little cream, salad dressing.

Foods to avoid-animal oil, lard, bacon, sardines soaked in oil.

④ Vitamins and mineral foods

Suitable food-vegetables (spinach, cabbage, carrots, tomatoes, lily roots, pumpkins, eggplant and cucumbers) and fruits (apples, oranges, pears, grapes and watermelons).

Seaweed and fungi should be cooked before eating.

Foods to avoid-vegetables containing hard fiber (burdock, bamboo shoots, beans)

Highly irritating vegetables (spicy vegetables, mangoes, mustard greens, onions, mustard greens)

⑤ Other foods

Suitable food-light fragrant tea, yeast milk beverage

Foods that should be avoided-spices (peppers, curry powder), alcoholic beverages, salted foods (vegetables, roe), pickles and coffee.

3. Dietary habits that patients with hypertension should pay attention to

First of all, we should control energy intake, advocate eating complex sugars, such as starch and corn, and eat less glucose, fructose and sucrose. These sugars are monosaccharides, which are easy to cause hyperlipidemia.

② Limit the intake of fat. Choose vegetable oil when cooking, and you can eat more marine fish. Marine fish contains unsaturated fatty acids, which can oxidize cholesterol, thus reducing plasma cholesterol, prolonging platelet aggregation, inhibiting thrombosis and preventing stroke, and contains more linoleic acid, which has a certain effect on increasing microvascular elasticity, preventing vascular rupture and preventing hypertension complications.

③ Appropriate intake of protein. The daily protein of patients with hypertension is per kilogram of body weight1g. Eating fish protein 2-3 times a week can improve blood vessel elasticity and permeability, increase urinary sodium excretion, and thus lower blood pressure. If hypertension is complicated with renal insufficiency, the intake of protein should be limited.

④ Eat more foods rich in potassium and calcium but low in sodium, such as potatoes, eggplant, kelp and lettuce. Foods with high calcium content: milk, yogurt and shrimp skin. Eat less broth, because the increase of nitrogen-containing extract in broth can promote the increase of uric acid in the body and increase the burden on the heart, liver and kidney.

⑤ Limit the salt intake: it should be gradually reduced to less than 6g every day, that is, after the rubber pad is removed from the ordinary beer lid, the salt in a flat lid is about 6g. This amount refers to the amount of salt, including the total amount of sodium converted into salt in edible salt and other foods. Proper reduction of sodium intake is helpful to lower blood pressure and reduce the retention of sodium and water in the body.

6. Lots of fresh vegetables and fruits. Eat no less than 8 Liang of fresh vegetables and 2 to 4 Liang of fruits every day.

⑦ Appropriately increase the intake of seafood: such as kelp, laver, seafood fish, etc.

Second, moderate exercise.

A traditional China Tai Ji Chuan (Tai Ji Chuan)

The importance of exercise to hypertension: There is a saying: "You can exchange health for money when you are young, and you can exchange health with exercise when you are old." Exercise can not only promote blood circulation, reduce cholesterol production, but also enhance the stiffness of muscles, bones and joints. Exercise can increase appetite, promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, prevent constipation and improve sleep. Have the habit of continuous exercise: it is best to do aerobic exercise to assist. Aerobic exercise can lower blood pressure and lose weight, such as walking, jogging, Tai Ji Chuan, cycling and swimming.

1, exercise precautions:

(1) don't be too strong or too tired, take a step-by-step way to increase the amount of activity.

2 pay attention to the surrounding environment and climate: summer: avoid the time when the sun shines at noon; Winter: Keep warm to prevent stroke.

Wear comfortable and sweat-absorbent clothes: Choose cotton fabrics and sports shoes.

④ Choose safe places: such as parks and schools, not in the driveway or roadside.

⑤ When exercising, don't eat on an empty stomach to avoid hypoglycemia. It should be 2 hours after dinner.

2, the taboo of sports.

Stop exercising when you are sick or uncomfortable.

② It is not advisable to exercise when you are hungry or one hour after a meal.

(3) Don't stop immediately during the exercise, and follow the steps of the exercise plan.

(4) If you feel uncomfortable during exercise, stop immediately.

Third, quit smoking and limit alcohol.

Smoking can lead to high blood pressure. Studies have shown that after smoking a cigarette, the heart rate increases by 5-20 beats/min, and the systolic blood pressure increases by 10-25mmhg. Why is this? Because nicotine contained in tobacco leaves will excite the central nervous system and sympathetic nerve, make the heart rate faster, and at the same time, it will also prompt the adrenal gland to release a large amount of catecholamine, which will make the arterioles contract and lead to an increase in blood pressure. Nicotine also stimulates chemoreceptors in blood vessels, which reflexively leads to an increase in blood pressure.

Long-term heavy smoking will also promote atherosclerosis of the aorta, and the intima of the arteriole will gradually thicken, which will gradually harden the whole blood vessel. At the same time, because the content of carbon monoxide hemoglobin in smokers' blood increases, the oxygen content in blood decreases, the intima of arteries is anoxic, and the oxygen content of arterial wall fat increases, which accelerates the formation of atherosclerosis. Therefore, quitting smoking for people without hypertension can prevent the occurrence of hypertension, and people with hypertension should quit smoking more.

Compared with smoking, the advantages and disadvantages of drinking alcohol are controversial. From time to time, there are various reports, some say that a small amount of drinking is beneficial and some say it is harmful, but one thing is certain, a large amount of drinking is definitely harmful, and high concentration of alcohol will lead to arteriosclerosis and aggravate high blood pressure.

Fourth, psychological balance.

The psychological manifestations of patients with hypertension are nervousness, irritability and emotional instability, which are the causes of high blood pressure. Patients can cultivate good adaptability to the natural environment and society by changing their own behavior, avoid emotional excitement and excessive tension and anxiety, and be calm when things go wrong; When you have a lot of mental stress, you should find ways to release it, talk to your relatives and friends or encourage you to take part in relaxing extracurricular activities, and devote your spirit to music or flowers to keep you in the best state, so as to keep your blood pressure stable.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) manages itself.

hypertension

1, measure blood pressure regularly at least once every 1-2 weeks.

2. The treatment of hypertension should adhere to the "three hearts", namely confidence, determination and perseverance. Only in this way can we prevent or delay the damage to important organs of the body.

3. Take antihypertensive drugs regularly. If you don't reduce or stop taking medicine at will, you can adjust it under the guidance of a doctor and combine your current condition to prevent blood pressure from rebounding.

If possible, you can bring your own sphygmomanometer and learn to measure your blood pressure yourself.

Besides taking proper medicine, we should also pay attention to the combination of work and rest, pay attention to diet, exercise properly, keep emotional stability and get enough sleep.

6. The blood pressure of the elderly should not be rushed, and the blood pressure should be controlled at 140- 159mmhg to reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications.

7, the elderly take norepinephrine nerve endings blocking drugs to prevent postural hypotension.

8. There is no need to strictly prohibit sexual life: pay attention to the following situations, which are not suitable for sexual life. 1 Don't have sex immediately afterwards. Sexual life should be forbidden after drinking. If you feel dizzy, chest tightness and other discomfort, stop sexual life and seek medical advice in time.

Sixth, see a doctor on time.

① After taking the medicine, the blood pressure rises or falls too low, and the blood pressure fluctuates greatly. ③ If you have dizziness, nausea and vomiting, blurred vision, hemiplegia, aphasia, disturbance of consciousness, dyspnea, limb weakness and other symptoms, you should go to the hospital immediately. In case of critical illness, please call the emergency center at 120.

Dietary considerations for climacteric hypertension

Hypertension is a common and frequently-occurring disease in menopause. In addition to active medication, scientific diet adjustment is also very important for patients.

1, control energy intake and reduce high-fat diet. Hypertensive patients, such as excessive dietary calorie intake, imbalance between saturated fat and unsaturated fat, too much sodium, too little potassium, too little calcium, too much monosaccharide and too much cellulose, are all unfavorable. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the amount of fat in the diet, especially animal fat, such as fat and fat intestines.

2, should eat low cholesterol food. Foods with high cholesterol include animal viscera, egg yolk, roe and various animal oils. Foods with low cholesterol include milk (containing 100g) and various freshwater fish (containing 90- 103mg 100g). However, 100g pig liver contains 368mg, and 100g egg yolk contains 1705mg cholesterol.

3. Limit foods with high sugar content. In particular, obese people or hypertensive patients with obesity tendency should eat less sweet cakes, biscuits, desserts and sweets.

4. Control the salt intake. Generally speaking, for patients with mild hypertension, the salt intake per person per day should be controlled below 6-8g; For patients with acute hypertension, the salt should be strictly controlled below 1-2g (about 5- 10 1 converted into soy sauce). Foods containing more sodium, including pickles, bacon and fermented bean curd, should be restricted.

5. Eat more fresh vegetables. According to the market situation of vegetables, on the premise of low fat intake, increasing the intake of fresh vegetables, such as celery, cucumber, beans, tomatoes, etc., is beneficial to hypertensive patients.

6. Strictly control alcohol and tobacco. It is generally believed that smoking is harmful to health. But drinking is still the hobby of many menopausal friends. As we all know, drinking alcohol is very bad for hypertension, especially excessive drinking. Therefore, menopausal hypertensive patients should strictly control alcohol and tobacco.

The twelve laws of therapeutic tea edit this paragraph back into the catalogue.

hypertension

Hypertension is a common disease in middle-aged and elderly people. Patients should not only insist on drug treatment, but also often drink Chinese medicine to make tea, which can also play a good auxiliary treatment role.

1, Sanqihua: Tianqihua is Sanqihua. Crisp and crisp, slightly flatulent, slightly bitter in taste, reducing blood fat, lowering blood pressure, resisting cancer, improving myocardial oxygen supply capacity and enhancing immune function. Contain ginsenoside, and has effects of clear heat, soothing liver, lowering blood pressure, and prevent and treating hypertension and pharyngitis. Clearing away heat and toxic materials, removing acne and generating sores, calming liver and cooling blood, lowering blood pressure and blood fat. Sanqihua is cool and sweet, and has the effects of clearing away heat, calming the liver and lowering blood pressure. Panax notoginseng saponins have inhibitory effect on the central nervous system, showing sedative and sedative effects. Can be used for treating hypertension, dizziness, vertigo, tinnitus, acute pharyngitis and insomnia. Notoginseng flower has outstanding efficacy, and is widely used in people with hypertension, and can be directly soaked in water.

2, chrysanthemum tea: all chrysanthemums should be chamomile, its taste is not bitter, especially the big white chrysanthemum or small white chrysanthemum produced in Suzhou and Hangzhou is the best, drink with about 3 grams of tea each time, 3 times a day.

3. Guarding burdock tea: the principle of assisting in lowering blood pressure-the dietary fiber in the root of Arctium lappa L. has the function of adsorbing sodium, which is excreted with feces to reduce the sodium content in the body; The calcium content in burdock root is the highest among root vegetables, and calcium can introduce sodium into urine and excrete it. Arctiin contained in the root of Arctium lappa can dilate blood vessels and lower blood pressure. Drinking method: 5-8 grams per day. Don't mix with other teas. Camellia oleifera Those with wet hair eat best at last.

Hawthorn tea: Hawthorn contains ingredients that can help digestion, dilate blood vessels and lower blood sugar and blood pressure. At the same time, drinking hawthorn tea regularly has obvious auxiliary effect on treating hypertension. The drinking method is to make tea with fresh hawthorn fruit 1-2 tablets several times a day.

5. Lotus leaf tea: Chinese medicine practice shows that the soaking and decoction of lotus leaf have the functions of dilating blood vessels, clearing away heat and relieving summer heat and lowering blood pressure. At the same time, lotus leaf is a good medicine for reducing fat. The drinking method for treating hypertension is: wash and chop half a piece of fresh lotus leaf, add appropriate amount of water, and let future generations drink tea after boiling.

6. Sophora japonica tea: After the buds of Sophora japonica are picked and dried, they are soaked in boiling water as tea drinks. Drinking it several times a day has a unique therapeutic effect on patients with hypertension. At the same time, Sophora japonica also has the function of contracting blood vessels and stopping bleeding.

7, Polygonum multiflorum tea: Polygonum multiflorum has the effect of lowering blood fat and reducing thrombosis. People with hyperlipidemia often drink Polygonum multiflorum tea, and the effect is very obvious. The preparation method is to take 20-30g of Radix Polygoni Multiflori Preparata, add water, decoct for 30min, and take it as tea after cooling, one dose per day.

hypertension

8. Pueraria lobata tea: Pueraria lobata has the effect of improving blood circulation in the brain, and has a good relief effect on symptoms such as headache, dizziness, tinnitus, backache and leg pain caused by hypertension. Drinking Pueraria lobata tea regularly has obvious curative effect on treating hypertension. Its preparation method is to clean pueraria lobata and slice it into thin slices, 30 grams a day, and then boil it with water for drinking.

9. lotus plumule tea: The so-called lotus plumule refers to the turquoise germ in the middle of lotus seeds. It tastes extremely bitter, but it has excellent effects of lowering blood pressure and removing fat. Using lotus plumule 12g and boiling water for future generations to drink tea, once in the morning and once in the evening, can not only lower blood pressure, but also have special effects of clearing away heat, calming the nerves and strengthening the heart.

10, cassia seed tea: Semen Cassiae, a traditional Chinese medicine, has the effects of lowering blood pressure, reducing blood fat, clearing away liver heat and improving eyesight. Drinking cassia seed tea often has special effects on hypertension. Soak 15-20g cassia seed in water several times a day, which is a wonderful product for treating hypertension, dizziness and blurred vision.

1 1, Taxilli tea: Taxilli, a Chinese herbal medicine, is an important medicine for tonifying kidney and enriching blood. The clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine shows that Sangjisheng decoction instead of tea has obvious auxiliary effect on the treatment of hypertension. The preparation method of Herba Taxilli tea is to take dried Herba Taxilli 15g, decoct 15min, and drink it once every morning and evening.

12, corn silk tea: corn silk not only has a good effect of lowering blood pressure, but also has the functions of stopping diarrhea, stopping bleeding, diuresis and nourishing stomach. Make tea and drink it several times a day, 25-30 grams each time. Clinically, it is especially effective for edema and hypertension caused by corn stigma nephritis.

Genetic factors of hypertension:

Both parents have a 60% genetic possibility of hypertension. For example, a couple with high blood pressure has five children. Of these five people, three have high blood pressure and the other two have normal blood pressure.

◆ Both parents have low blood pressure. There is no clear statistical report about hypotension at present, but according to preliminary observation, when both parents are hypotensive, the children are almost 100% hypotensive, and the normal blood pressure is even less.

◆ If one parent is normal and the other parent is hypertensive, there is a chance of hypertension. That is to say, if there are three children, two of them may have normal blood pressure and the other may have high blood pressure.

◆ One parent is normal and one parent has low blood pressure. Low blood pressure seems to be more hereditary than high blood pressure. In this case, there is a 50% chance that the child will have hereditary hypotension.

◆ One parent has high blood pressure and one parent has low blood pressure. If you have three children, there are three situations: hypotension, hypertension and normal blood pressure.

◆ Children with normal blood pressure should have normal blood pressure.

Patients with hypertension should regularly do the following routine examinations:

(1) There is generally no abnormality in routine red blood cells and hemoglobin, but rapid progressive hypertension may cause microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and Coombs test is negative. Patients with abnormal red blood cells and high hemoglobin have increased blood viscosity and are prone to thrombosis complications (including cerebral infarction) and left ventricular hypertrophy.

(2) Blood biochemistry: including urea nitrogen, electrolyte, blood lipid, blood sugar, blood uric acid, blood viscosity, etc. It is helpful to determine whether hypertension is caused by kidney diseases, judge the degree of influence of hypertension on the kidney, and whether there are some risk factors and complications, such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hyperuricemia and so on.

(3) Urine routine to know whether there is early renal damage, whether hypertension is caused by renal disease, and whether it is accompanied by diabetes. In order to avoid mistakes, clean containers should be used to take urine samples, and the first urine should be sent for inspection in time in the morning; Female patients should avoid the menstrual period and leave the middle urine for urine test.

(4) Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine are mostly used to estimate renal function. There was no abnormality in the early examination of patients, and the renal parenchyma was damaged to a certain extent and began to rise. Adult creatinine >: 1 14.3μmol/L, elderly and pregnant women >: 910.5 μ mol/l suggested renal damage, and phenol red excretion test, urea clearance rate and endogenous creatinine clearance rate could be lower than normal.

(5) Chest X-ray examination determines the cardiac function of patients with hypertension, and judges whether there is myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial injury or coronary heart disease.

(6) ECG to determine whether there is ventricular hypertrophy, arrhythmia such as ventricular premature beats, atrial fibrillation, etc.

(7) Compared with chest radiograph and electrocardiogram, echocardiography is the most sensitive and reliable method to diagnose left ventricular hypertrophy.

(VIII) The central retinal artery pressure measured by fundus examination can be increased. The following fundus changes can be seen at different stages of disease development:

Grade I: retinal artery spasm.

Grade Ⅱ A: mild sclerosis of retinal artery.

B: The retinal artery is obviously hardened.

Grade III: Grade II plus retinopathy (bleeding or exudation)

Grade ⅳ: Grade ⅲ plus papillae edema.

(9) Other patients may be accompanied by the increase of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, the decrease of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I, the increase of blood sugar in some patients with hyperuricemia and the increase of plasma renin-activated angiotensin II level.