Guangzhou is the hub of land, sea and air transportation in southern China and the gateway to the outside world. It is also known as the "South Gate" of the motherland. Guangzhou is also called "Yangcheng", "Wuyang City" and "Sui City" for short, because there is a story about the fairy of Wuyang coming to offer rice ears in history. Guangzhou is like spring all year round, full of flowers, and the Spring Flower Market on New Year's Eve is famous at home and abroad, so it is also known as the "Flower City". Guangzhou was called "Panyu" in ancient times because its earliest cities were built on Fanshan and Yushan near Beijing Road. In the early days, Guangzhou was also called "Ren Tao City" and "Zhao Tuo City" because the Qin generals Ren Tao and Zhao Tuo were ordered to be stationed in Lingnan, and they established the "Nanyue State" and built the city.
In ancient times, Guangzhou was the ancient capital of the Three Dynasties. In the early Han Dynasty, Zhao Tuo established Nanyue State in Guangzhou. By the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, there was a "Southern Han Kingdom" here; In addition, the "Nanming" dynasty mentioned in the literary masterpiece Peach Blossom Fan (built in the late Ming Dynasty, the regime lasted only 41 days) also established its capital in Guangzhou. Guangzhou is a cosmopolitan city full of modernity, full of vitality, but also with a long history. It is one of the first 24 famous historical and cultural cities in China announced by the State Council, and it is also an excellent tourist city in China. Here is a place worth visiting, with beautiful mountains and rivers, beautiful scenery, natural landscape and human landscape complement each other, and street customs set off with modern urban landscape.
Population, religion and nationality
Wan Wan Guangzhou's total registered population at the end of the year was 7,251,911, an increase of 55,611 over the end of last year. Among them, the urban population is 5,882,611 and the county-level city population is 1,369,311; The city's agricultural population is 2,293,611 and the non-agricultural population is 4,933,211.
Guangzhou has a long history of religion, with five major religions, namely Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism and Christianity. Except Taoism, which is a local religion in China, all the others were introduced from abroad. Buddhism was first introduced into Guangzhou (AD 255), followed by Taoism (AD 316), Islam was introduced in the early Tang Dynasty, and Catholicism and Christianity were introduced into Guangzhou in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties respectively. Guangzhou has a profound religious and cultural heritage. By the end of 2113, there were 53 sites for religious activities registered and opened according to law with the approval of the government, including 4 national key cultural relics protection units, namely the Catholic Sacred Heart Cathedral, the Catholic Church of Notre Dame de Lourdes in Shamian, the Islamic Mosque of Huaisheng and the Buddhist Temple of Guangxiao. There are 2 provincial key cultural relics protection units, namely, the Six Rongs Temple of Buddhism and the ancient tombs of Islamic sages; There are also 8 municipal key cultural relics protection units.
There are about 261,111 religious believers in Guangzhou, accounting for about 2.62% of the city's total population, including about 111,111 Buddhists, about 111,111 Taoists, over 111,111 Islamists, over 5,111 Catholics and 45,111 Christians. There are more than 241 people who specialize in religious professions.
according to the statistics of the fifth census in 2111, there are 38,911 permanent residents of ethnic minorities in Guangzhou, and there are about 71,111 floating population of ethnic minorities. The total population of ethnic minorities in Guangzhou exceeds 211,111, accounting for 1.97% of the total population. * * * There are 52 ethnic minorities, of which Hui and Man are the ethnic minorities who live in Guangzhou, and Zhuang, Tujia, Miao and Yao have more than 11,111 people. The work of ethnic minorities in the city is mainly concentrated in manufacturing, wholesale and retail trade, catering, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, social service and construction. There are three ethnic primary schools in the city-Huimin Primary School, Manchu Primary School and She Village Primary School, and a village inhabited by ethnic minorities-She Village, Zhengguo Town, Zengcheng City, with 61 households and 317 people. There are about 11 mass organizations of ethnic minorities in Guangzhou, including the Association for National Unity and Progress, the Association of Ethnic Minorities Intellectuals, and the history of manchu Cultural Research Association.
administrative divisions
after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the administrative subordination and administrative divisions of Guangzhou have undergone several major changes and adjustments.
Guangzhou was liberated on October 4, 1949 and was once a municipality directly under the central government; In 1951, he was changed to the leader of the Central South Military and Political Commission; In 1954, it was placed under the leadership of Guangdong Province and changed to a provincial city.
In the early days of liberation, Guangzhou was divided into 28 districts, including 21 urban districts, 7 suburban districts and 1 aquatic districts (Pearl River District). There are 121 administrative streets (sections), 4 townships and 2 towns below the district. In 1951, the administrative divisions were adjusted, and 28 districts were merged into 16 districts, including 8 urban districts, 1 aquatic districts (Pearl River District) and 7 suburban districts. After October 1952, it was adjusted again, and the original eight urban areas were merged into five, and the Pearl River area was still retained; The original seven suburbs were merged into three, and the administrative units below the city area were merged into 86 administrative streets and 1 townships. In 1958, the city people's commune was established, and it was decided that the city should be divided into eight people's communes, including four in the urban area and four in the suburbs, with branches below the commune. This decision to change the administrative system was not fully implemented later. In August 1961, the organizational system of districts below the city was restored. The four urban areas are named Yuexiu District, Dongshan District, Haizhu District and Liwan District. The three suburbs are Huangpu District, Fangcun District and Jiangcun District. This year, Hua County and Conghua County, which belonged to Foshan area, were transferred to Guangzhou. In 1961, Fogang County, which originally belonged to Shaoguan area, was transferred to Guangzhou (in 1963, it was transferred to Shaoguan area). In May 1962, three suburbs merged into 1 suburbs. In 1973, Huangpu District was re-divided from the suburbs. In 1975, Panyu County, which originally belonged to Foshan, Zengcheng County, Longmen County in Huiyang and Xinfeng County in Shaoguan were transferred to Guangzhou. In 1983, Qingyuan County and Fogang County in Shaoguan were transferred to Guangzhou. In 1985, Tianhe District and Fangcun District were set up in some areas from the suburbs of Guangzhou. In October, 1987, the suburb of Guangzhou was renamed Baiyun District. In 1988, the administrative division of Guangzhou was greatly changed. On October 7, with the consent of the State Council, Longmen County of Guangzhou was placed under the jurisdiction of Huizhou City, Xinfeng County was placed under the jurisdiction of Shaoguan City, Qingyuan County was abolished, and Qingyuan City was established, and Fogang County of Guangzhou was placed under the jurisdiction of Qingyuan City. In May 1992, with the approval of the State Council, Panyu County was abolished and Panyu City (county level) was established. In June and February, 1993, the State Council approved the cancellation of Huaxian County and Zengcheng County respectively, and the establishment of Huadu City (county level) and Zengcheng City (county level). In March of 1994, with the approval of the State Council, Conghua County was abolished and Conghua City (county level) was established. In June 2111, with the approval of the State Council, Panyu City (county level) and Huadu City (county level) were abolished respectively, and Panyu District and Huadu District were established. So far, Guangzhou * * * has jurisdiction over 11 districts and 2 cities (county level).
Historical evolution
Wan Wan Guangzhou was called "Chu Ting" in ancient times. According to historical records, as early as the Zhou Dynasty in the 9th century BC, the "Baiyue clan" living here had close contacts with Chu people in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and the locals commemorated this friendship with "Chu Ting", which was the earliest name of Guangzhou.
the construction of Guangzhou city walls began in the Qin dynasty. At that time, Ren Tao, the ruler of Nanhai County, led an army to pacify Baiyue, and built a city here, named Ren Tao City. Later, the name of Xiaocheng was changed to Panyu City, which is located near today's Biancang Street. Later, Zhao Tuo established Nanyue State and expanded Panyu City again. During the Three Kingdoms period, the state of Wu was divided into Guangzhou in the east and Panyu was under the jurisdiction of Guangzhou. Since then, the name of Guangzhou has officially appeared. Guangzhou has a long history and is the starting point of the Maritime Silk Road, thus leaving many historical sites. There are mainly zhenhai tower, Wuxian Temple, Nanyue King's Tomb, Chenjia Temple, Liurong Temple, Guangxiao Temple, Huaisheng Temple, Stone Chamber, etc.
Guangzhou is famous in modern history. The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, Huanghuagang, Martyrs Cemetery, Lu Xun Memorial Hall, Peasant Movement Workshop, Sanyuanli Anti-British Site and the former site of Whampoa Military Academy bear witness to Guangzhou's modern history.
Physical Geography
Wan Wan Guangzhou is the capital of Guangdong Province and the political, economic, scientific, technological, educational and cultural center of Guangdong Province. Guangzhou is located in the south of Chinese mainland, in the south-central part of Guangdong Province, on the northern edge of the Pearl River Delta, close to the lower reaches of the Pearl River Basin. Its range is 112 degrees 57 minutes east longitude to 114 degrees 3 minutes north latitude 22 degrees 26 minutes to 23 degrees 56 minutes. It is adjacent to Boluo and Longmen counties in Huizhou City in the east, Sanshui, Nanhai and Shunde District in Foshan City in the west, Qingyuan City, Fogang County and Xinfeng County in Shaoguan City in the north, Dongguan City and Zhongshan City in the south, and faces Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions across the sea.
Due to the numerous islands and dense waterways in the Pearl River Estuary, including Humen, Hengmen and Modaomen, Guangzhou has become an excellent seaport for ocean shipping in China and the import and export shore of the Pearl River Basin. Guangzhou is also the intersection of Beijing-Guangzhou, Guangzhou-Shenzhen, Guang Mao and Guangzhou-Meishan railways, and the civil aviation transportation center of South China, which has very close ties with all parts of the country. Therefore, Guangzhou is known as the "South Gate" of China.
Urban Planning
Wan Wan Guangzhou has made great efforts to promote the construction of urban environmental landscape and formed a multi-level greening system. Natural scenery and garden features are all available. The scenery on both sides of the Pearl River is beautiful. There are many scenic spots and tourism projects in Guangzhou, and the tourism resources are more abundant.
Guangzhou is a "shopping paradise", with a wide range of goods. Not only that, Guangzhou is also a gourmet metropolis and the birthplace of Cantonese cuisine. Restaurants and restaurants all over the city and all kinds of modern and traditional cuisines make the reputation of "Eating in Guangzhou" well deserved.
city profile
after more than 2111 years' changes, Guangzhou has developed into a multi-functional and comprehensive mega-city, the political, economic and cultural center of Guangdong province, an important coastal port city in China, and a famous tourist city in South China. As a member of world association of major metropolises, Guangzhou is committed to building a modern international city.
economic construction
Guangzhou is an important coastal port city in China that is open to the outside world, and the starting point of the ancient Maritime Silk Road in China. It has been going on for more than 2,111 years, and it has never stopped its foreign trade activities. It is a veritable international commercial city. The Millennium port city has accumulated a profound commercial culture for Guangzhou, which is the center of people flow, logistics, capital flow and information flow. Today, Guangzhou still plays an important role in China's commerce. It is the venue of China Export Fair, the "China's first exhibition", which attracts countless merchants from all over the world every year.
Culture and Education
Before September p>2115, the new campus of Guangzhou University, also known as Guangzhou University Town, was completely completed, and it was located in Xiaoguwei Island and Nan 'an area of Xinzhao Town, Panyu District, with Luoxi Island in the west, Bio Island in the north, cheung chau island in the east, about 17 kilometers away from the center of Guangzhou and about 17 kilometers away from the planned Guangzhou New City. The site is located on the south extension axis of Guangzhou and in the metropolitan area, and there are historical sites of Huangpu Military Academy, Yuyin Mountain House, Baomo Garden, Guangzhou International Convention and Exhibition Center and Guangzhou Biological Island nearby. Guangzhou University Town has a total planned area of 43.3 square kilometers and a planned total population of 351,111 ~ 411,111. The recently built Xiaoguwei Island is about 18 square kilometers, divided into five campus groups, and will be stationed in 11 universities including Sun Yat-sen University, South China University of Technology, South China Normal University, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, guangdong pharmaceutical university, Xinghai Conservatory of Music and Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts, with about 1.5 million students. According to the overall plan, Guangzhou University Town will be built into a center for the training of senior talents and scientific research exchanges in South China, a new urban area with integrated development of learning, research and production, a national first-class university park with modernization, ecology, strong cultural atmosphere and distinctive characteristics, which is adapted to the development of market economy and Guangzhou's status as an international metropolis.
The construction sequence of Guangzhou University Town is to build Xiaoguwei Island in the near future and South Bank area in the long term. Xiaoguwei Island has a total construction area of over 7 million square meters and will be built in two phases. In the first phase, in order to ensure that the first batch of 31,111 students settled in the buildings and urban basic municipal supporting facilities necessary for the start of school in September 2114, the total investment was about 15 billion yuan (including land acquisition), including 139 campus buildings with a total length of about 2.2 million square meters, 66 kilometers of municipal roads and some urban supporting buildings. The second phase is 2.5 million square meters of campus buildings and other supporting municipal facilities.
traditional culture
Wan Wan Guangzhou has become a dazzling pearl of the motherland with its humanistic communication etiquette, colorful folk customs, comprehensive language art, fresh and bright Guangdong music, inclusive Cantonese opera art, innovative Lingnan painting school, famous Guangzhou cuisine at home and abroad, tea houses with street charm, popular winter jasmine market and pioneering urban spirit. We believe that in the near future, Guangzhou will become a more modern and international metropolis, so that people all over the world can see its elegant demeanor!
Climate characteristics
Wanwan Guangzhou is located in the south subtropical zone, which is a typical monsoon marine climate. Because the back of the mountain faces the sea, the maritime climate is particularly remarkable, with the characteristics of warm and rainy, sufficient light and heat, small temperature difference, long summer and short frost period. Because of the same period of water and heat, it is very beneficial to the growth of crops, but the threat of natural disasters is also great, which has adverse effects on industrial and agricultural production.
Guangzhou is rich in light and heat resources, with an annual average sunshine hours of 1,896.5 hours, annual total solar radiation of 4,367-4,597 MJ/m2, annual average temperature of 21-23 degrees Celsius, and daily average temperature above 1 degrees Celsius. The frost-free period is 328 days in the north and 352 days in the south.
Guangzhou has abundant rainfall, with the annual precipitation of 1,689.3 ~ 1,876.5mm, and the rainy season (April ~ September) accounts for 81% ~ 83% of the whole year. Due to the influence of topography, precipitation is more in mountainous areas than in plains, and more in the north than in the south. At the same time, the rainy season coincides with strong light and high heat, forming a fairly high climatic biological potential (light and warm water potential), reaching 77865 ~ 97951 kg/ha.
The alternation of winter and summer monsoon is a prominent feature of Guangzhou monsoon climate. The northerly wind in winter is dry and cold because the polar continental air mass extends southward. The southerly wind in summer is warm and humid due to the northward expansion of tropical ocean air mass. The summer monsoon is usually converted into winter monsoon in September, while the winter monsoon is converted into summer monsoon in April.
land area
Wanwan Guangzhou has a total area of 7,434.4 square kilometers, accounting for 4.18% of the land area of the province. Among them, the area of Area 11 under the jurisdiction of the city is 3718.5 square kilometers, accounting for 51.12% of the total area of the city; The two county-level cities cover an area of 3,715.9 square kilometers, accounting for 49.98%.