Introduction
Construction site: No.88, century avenue, Pudong New Area, China
Commencement date: May 11, 1994
Completion date: March 18, 1999
Area: 2.3 hectares
Building area: 291,111 square meters
Building floor: 88 floors above ground. Underground 3
Building height: 421.5m
Structural form: reinforced concrete structure
Construction cost: 5 billion
Investment unit: China Jinmao (Group) Co., Ltd.
Architectural design: SOM design office in Chicago, USA
English name: Jinmao Tower
[ edit this paragraph] Construction. Another landmark building in Shanghai stands proudly beside the Huangpu River. The long-awaited 88th floor Jinmao Tower, the third in the world, the second in Asia and the first in China, has finally been put on the market. This intelligent skyscraper, which integrates modern office buildings, luxury five-star hotels, business exhibitions, high-end banquets, sightseeing, entertainment, shopping malls and other comprehensive facilities, is rich in Chinese national culture and integrates western architectural art, and has become an intelligent skyscraper in Shanghai today.
jinmao building was approved for construction on February 7, 1992, and started construction on may 1, 1994. the structure was capped on August 28, 1997, and it was opened for business on March 8, 1999, and it was fully opened on August 28 of that year. Jinmao Tower covers an area of 2.3 hectares, with a tower height of 421.5 meters and a total construction area of 291,111 square meters.
Jinmao Tower was built by SOM, one of the largest architects and engineers in the United States.
[ Edit this paragraph] Location
The building stands in Lujiazui Financial and Trade Center on the Huangpu River, facing the Oriental Pearl Radio and Television Tower, adjacent to the tunnel entrance of Yan 'an East Road, and connected with Metro Line 2. Its main building has 88 floors above ground and 3 floors underground, with a height of 421.5 meters, covering an area of 23,611 square meters and a total construction area of 291,111 square meters. Once the tallest building in Shanghai and the tallest building in mainland China, it was surpassed by the neighboring World Financial Center on August 29th, 2118. Jinmao Mansion is an intelligent high-grade building integrating office, business, hotel and other functions. The 3rd-51th floors are spacious and bright column-free spaces that can accommodate more than 11,111 people working at the same time. The 51th-52nd floors are mechanical and electrical equipment floors; The 53rd-87th floors are the world's tallest super five-star Hyatt Regency Jinmao Hotel. From the 56th floor to the top floor of the tower, there is an "air atrium" with a diameter of 27m and a clearance of 1.42m that sunlight can be refracted through the glass. Around the atrium, there are 555 rooms of different sizes and styles and various Chinese and western restaurants. The 86th floor is the Enterprise Club; The 87th floor is the sky restaurant; The 88th floor, which is 341m above the ground, is the second highest sightseeing floor in China (second only to the World Financial Center), and can accommodate more than 1,111 tourists. Two high-speed elevators with a speed of 9.1m/s take 45 seconds to directly deliver the sightseeing guests from the 1th floor of the basement to the sightseeing floor. Looking around, you can see the new look of Shanghai from the top of your eyes. The basement of Jinmao Mansion has 3 floors and 4 floors locally, with a building area of 57,151 square meters, a parking lot with 811 parking spaces and 2,111 bicycle garages. The charging system of the parking lot, according to the different needs of parking guests, prepares smart cards with monthly, quarterly and annual parking spaces, or randomly takes time tickets for parking. The parking lot with 811 parking spaces is equipped with a parking information indication and guidance system, which displays and statistically indicates the parking spaces in each floor and area in real time at all times. The 361-degree rotating Yuntai camera monitored in each floor and area takes care of your pace partner all the time. You can park your car in the underground garage of Jinmao Building with confidence.
Jinmao Tower is located at the tunnel entrance of Yan 'an East Road in Pudong, next to century avenue. It is located in the center of Lujiazui Financial and Trade Zone, the core area of Pudong, with the bustling scene of Pudong in the east, the elegant scenery of Shanghai and Huangpu River in the west, Zhangyang Road Commercial and Trade Zone in Pudong in the south and the central green space of 111,111 square meters in the north. The road network around the building is developed, and the traffic is very convenient. The cross-river tunnel and subway line 2 are directly connected. From Jinmao Tower to Puxi's most prosperous block, it takes only 2 minutes to cross the tunnel and only 31 minutes to drive to Shanghai Hongqiao Airport or Pudong International Airport, so it has a superior geographical position. It used to be the tallest building in Shanghai and the tallest building in mainland China. On August 29th, 2118, it was surpassed by the neighboring World Financial Center.
The designer of Jinmao Building is a famous SOM design firm in Chicago, USA. With innovative design ideas, designers skillfully combine the latest architectural trends in the world with traditional architectural styles in China, and successfully design world-class and cross-century classics, which has become a milestone of Shanghai-style architecture and a famous landmark building in Shanghai. They have successively won many domestic and foreign awards, such as the Illinois World Architectural Structure Award, the first place in the Golden Award of Top Ten Classic Buildings in Shanghai on the 51th anniversary of New China, and the Artistic Creation Achievement Award of the 21th International Architects' Congress.
[ Edit this paragraph] Interaction with the World Financial Center
At the beginning of the building construction, the relevant departments drew up a plan to build an "overpass" with the World Financial Center. Originally, it was planned to connect with the World Financial Center in an underground way, but some experts pointed out that there is only one road between the two skyscrapers of Shanghai World Financial Center and Jinmao Building. If the underground road is excavated again, the land subsidence in Shanghai will become more serious. At the same time, there is not enough space between the complex underground pipeline systems in Lujiazui area to accommodate underground tunnels, so in recent years, the plan of "Lujiazui Overpass" tends to be built. This plan has now entered the actual survey stage, and it is expected to start construction in 2117 and be completed in early 2118. However, some experts have expressed concern that the overpass project will destroy the building landscape and the environment in Lujiazui area.
[ Edit this paragraph] Structural technology
The building adopts the latest structural technology used for the first time in the history of super high-rise buildings. The vertical deviation of the whole building is only 2 cm, and the shaking of the top of the building is less than half a meter, which is the best among the high-rise buildings in the world. It can also ensure the strong wind of magnitude 12 and resist the earthquake of magnitude 7. The outer wall of the building is composed of large glass walls, reflecting colors that are like silver and not silver, with different shades and endless changes. The glass wall is imported from the United States and costs 511 dollars per square meter. The glass is divided into two layers with a low-temperature conductor in the middle, so the outside temperature will not affect the inside. There are 79 elevators in Jinmao Building, and the sightseeing high-speed elevator can take 35 people at a time, with a speed of 9.1 meters per second and only 45 seconds from bottom to top.
The hall of Jinmao Mansion adopts a circular arch door frame, which gives people a feeling of being tall, spacious and bright. Mediterranean perforated marble is selected as the wall surface, which can play a good sound insulation effect; The marble on the ground is shiny but not bright, flat but not slippery. The eight bronze murals in the front hall embody the traditional calligraphy art in China. Through the evolution of Chinese characters, from Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Zhong Dingwen to seal, official script, kai and Cao, it reflects the civilization history of China for 5,111 years. The corridor leading to the banquet hall is an art gallery, reflecting an elegant taste and luxurious style.
1. Application technology of commercial concrete and bulk cement
This technology is applied to diaphragm wall, bored pile, foundation pit enclosure and support, main building core business and composite giant column. Floor and other engineering parts. The total amount of application has reached 157111 cubic meters. Bulk cement for commercial concrete used in Jinmao Building. Mechanical feeding, automatic weighing, computer control technology, "double mixing" technology of additives and admixtures, mixer truck transportation and pumping pouring technology not only improve the mechanization and specialization of civil construction production, but also enhance the civilized standardization of construction site. And set a world record of 382.5 meters height of one-time pumping concrete.
2. Connection technology of large-diameter steel bars
Formwork of core tube and giant column of Jinmao Mansion adopts large steel moulds, so the construction technology of taper thread connection is adopted at the steel bar connection of core tube and floor beam, the steel bar connection of ring plate and core tube in hotel area of main building, and the steel bar connection of giant column and floor beam.
There are 58,296 taper joints in the whole project, and the results of the joint test and sampling inspection all meet the A level. The number of applications is shown in the following table:
The new cold-rolled tapered thread technology for steel bars has been improved from seven aspects: improving the materials of cutters and thread rollers; Improved tool holder; Add automatic positioning device; Set a rolling feeding frame; Cold treatment of the end can improve the strength and ensure the standard of grade A joint. The application has achieved the purpose of high speed, high quality and low consumption.
3. New formwork and scaffolding application technology
The height of the main structure of Jinmao Building changes a lot, and there are also wall separation and shape changes. * * * There are 8 kinds of heights, such as 3.2m, 4m and 5.2m * *, and the original well-shaped internal shear wall is cancelled for more than 53rd floors, and the wall thickness is gradually divided into 451mm from 851mm
m of Jinmao Building. Especially, there are three external secondary steel trusses on floors 24 ~ 26, 51 ~ 53 and 85 ~ 87, which brings great difficulties to the design of formwork scaffold and the safety of super high-rise construction. Therefore, in the construction of the core tube of the main building, we designed and manufactured the "formwork system of integral lifting steel platform with split combination and automatic leveling". Compared with foreign advanced templates, the performance is not inferior, and the cost is saved by about RMB 11 million. Successfully completed the high-altitude disassembly and assembly, understood the construction technology of using one formwork system in two different structures, innovatively adopted the computer automatic leveling technology to control the construction technology of system lifting, and adopted the fully enclosed formwork system, which made the construction safe and reliable, easy to operate, and created the construction speed of 13 floors in one month. Computer automatic leveling technology has obtained national patent (patent number: ZL952465391．1). The research and application results of this template system have won the first prize of Shanghai Science and Technology Progress Award.
In the construction of mega-columns, we innovatively designed and manufactured the "jumping climbing formwork system", which successfully solved the problem of mega-column construction. The upper steel beam has been installed in place, and the traditional formwork scaffold system can not successfully complete the climbing problem after concrete construction.
The system innovatively designed a series of special components, such as telescopic boom, inclined skateboard, top-extending telescopic frame, flip-open attached wall, etc., so that the climbing frame can cross the steel beam smoothly. Through the research and application of these new formwork legs, the continuous construction of the core tube and composite giant column of the main building has been completed safely and reliably. After expert appraisal, the technical level of the template foot-hand system has reached the international leading level.
4. High-strength concrete technology
High-strength concrete of C61 and C51 is used in Jinmao Mansion project, and C51 concrete is used for foundation slab. The core tube of the main building is made of C61 concrete from underground to 31th floor, and the core tube of the main building is made of C51 concrete from 32nd floor to 62nd floor. The mega-column is made of C61 concrete from basement to 31th floor, and the mega-column is made of C51 concrete from 32nd floor to 62nd floor. C61 concrete is 17488 cubic meters, and C51 concrete is 33718 cubic meters. Among them, the thickness of the main building foundation pile cap is 4m, which is 13,511m3 C51 high-grade concrete, and the concrete is continuously cast at one time. In the continuous pouring and tamping of such a large high-grade concrete, reasonable materials and mix design are selected, and the "internal dispersion and external storage method" is adopted for maintenance, with cooling water pipes, film straw mulching and computer temperature measurement system. The peak temperature rise in concrete should be controlled within 111℃, and the temperature difference between inside and outside should be less than 25℃. The cooling rate inside the concrete was accelerated, the construction period was shortened, and the maintenance was completed in only two weeks.
5. Building energy-saving technology
The main filler wall and fire partition wall of Jinmao Building are all made of hollow blocks. Among them, 121mm thick blocks are 4911m2, 191mm thick blocks are 49742m2, 251mm thick blocks are 1198m2 and 311mm thick blocks are 3493m2.
the roof insulation layer is also used for the podium roof and local roof of the main building of Jinmao Building. Among them, the podium roof is about 7,511 square meters, and the local roof of the main building is about 2,511 square meters.
6. Application technology of rigid PVC plastic pipe
In the foundation slab construction of the podium of Jinmao Building, the large-area static release layer technology was adopted for the first time in China. φ111PVC pipe is 1184m, φ151PVC pipe is 511m. The groundwater is drained to the collecting well through a large area of filter layer, and then pumped to the ground to release and reduce the buoyancy of groundwater to the floor. This technology sets porous PVC filter tube in criss-crossing blind ditches. With the application of large-area static release layer technology, the thickness of the foundation slab of the podium is only about 1.6 meters, while the thickness of the foundation slab according to the traditional design is at least 1
Jinmao Tower < P > .5-2.1 meters, which is about 1.9 m thinner than the traditional practice.
7. Comprehensive utilization technology of fly ash
The foundation cap of the main building of Jinmao Mansion is C51 high-grade concrete, with a volume of 13,511 cubic meters. In the mix design, we add a certain amount of ground fly ash to exert its "ball effect" to improve the workability and pumpability of concrete. Therefore, it replaces part of cement and reduces the hydration heat of concrete. At the same time, a certain amount of fly ash is also mixed in the mixing process of masonry mortar. The dosage of fly ash is about 4511 tons, which achieves the purpose of energy saving and high efficiency.
8. New technology of building waterproof engineering
The design requires the construction of waterproof layer under the foundation slab of Jinmao Building. Waterproof materials are CR bentonite waterproof membrane, bentonite caulking agent and multi-purpose bentonite powder, which are made of fiber packed by American Colloidal Company. Waterproof membrane is used for large-area paving, caulking agent and multi-purpose powder are used for caulking and filling holes. The dosage of CR swelling is about 23,618 square meters. CR-type bentonite waterproof series material is a composite of flexible high-strength polypropylene textile and pozzolanic sodium bentonite. Its technical characteristics are: swelling in water, softness, high strength, pollution resistance and aging resistance. Its application enriches and develops the types of waterproof materials in China, and provides practical experience for the research and application of new waterproof materials in the future.
9. Modern management technology and computer application
Jinmao Mansion has a large amount of information and a wide range. In view of this situation, computer technology has been widely used in the construction management process. Computer management software is used in financial management, contract budget, personnel file management, construction plan management, design and compilation of construction scheme, drawing of construction sample, and design of deepening drawings.
11. Application of other new technologies
During the construction of Jinmao Building, we also applied a series of new technologies, such as "supporting technology of super-large and ultra-deep foundation pit", "high-precision measurement technology" and "application technology of large vertical transportation machinery".
The basement of Jinmao Mansion has an excavation area of nearly 21,111 square meters, a foundation pit perimeter of 571 meters, an excavation depth of 19.65 meters and an earthwork volume of 321,111 cubic meters, which is the largest and deepest foundation in soft soil foundation construction in Shanghai. exist