Tongcheng Song Geographical Environment: Tongcheng is located in the southwest of central Anhui Province, on the north bank of the Yangtze River, at the eastern foot of Dabie Mountain, bordering Lujiang and Zongyang counties in the east, Qianshan County in the west, Shucheng County in the north, Huaining County and Yixiu District in Anqing City in the south. The city's land area is 1.644 square kilometers, and the cultivated land area is 523,000 mu, including 470,000 mu of paddy field, 53,000 mu of dry land and 654,380+0.67 million mu of lake surface. Tongcheng is located in the subtropical monsoon humid climate zone, with mild climate, abundant sunshine and distinct four seasons. The territory is rich in mineral resources, with more than 65,438+00 kinds of graphite, alum, granite, marble, copper and iron. Rare animals protected by the state include leopard, pangolin, water cat, otter, finless porpoise, white crane, monitor lizard, etc. Rare plants include Ginkgo biloba, Pinus bungeana, Liriodendron chinense, Eucommia ulmoides, etc. There are as many as two kinds of medicinal plants. Scholar Zhang commented: "Tongcheng's unique natural environment is the humanistic aura of Tongcheng folk songs." .
Social conditions of Tongcheng Song Dynasty: Tongcheng is an open city, a national commodity grain base, a state-level advanced city in scientific and technological work, a county (city) for comprehensive rural energy construction, and a top 100 county (county) for township enterprises. The urban area is a provincial historical and cultural city and a national health city, with a national spark-intensive area and an economic and technological development zone. Tongcheng has increasingly become a hot spot for people of insight at home and abroad to invest and start businesses. Anqing, as a city along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province, is essentially in the center of Huaihe River and even Jiangnan. It is connected with the gullies of the Yangtze River, and is closely connected with the areas along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hubei and other provinces, with an open cultural outlook. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the ballads produced in Anhui can be spread to other provinces and regions, and the ballads produced in other provinces and regions can also be spread to other places in central Anhui. Therefore, what is recorded in history is the prevalence of folk songs in the Qing Dynasty, and Tongcheng Song is a unique phenomenon in that particular region, with Anqing as the center and "Huaihe River and even Jiangnan" as the category-"the folk song cultural belt opened in the Ming and Qing Dynasties".
Tongcheng Song has a long history: Tongcheng is the birthplace and concentrated place of Jianghuai cultural circle because of its prosperous writing style. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period, it was called Guo Tong; The county was officially established in 757 AD, which lasted 1200 years. In the meantime, there are many talents. Especially since the late Ming Dynasty, Tongcheng culture has become more prominent and enjoyed a high reputation. There are a large number of influential celebrities in this area, including Fang Yizhi, a great scholar known as the "encyclopedia school unparalleled in the17th century", and Tongcheng School, a writer group with a population of 600 and dominated the literary world for more than 200 years, represented by Fang Bao, Liu Dakui and Yao Nai. In modern times, Zhu Guangqian, a university teacher, a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, the founder of China aesthetics, a representative of Neo-Confucianism, the history of commander-in-chief of Luanzhou Rebel Army during the Revolution of 1911, the former Minister of Culture, Liu Dihuai, a master of Weiqi, Huangmei Opera artist and other outstanding figures have emerged. Tongcheng has therefore become a famous historical and cultural city in Anhui Province, enjoying the reputation of "Cultural Capital".
Tongcheng Song: In the early days, it was just a kind of "holding a songbook" and "singing while watching", belonging to a musical form. After a certain period of development, a literary demand-Tongcheng Cifu naturally sprouted. Tongcheng Prose School in Qing Dynasty aroused the desire for Tongcheng Song literature. With the advent of the Internet age, Tongcheng Qu has been created in all directions. As a musical form, "Tongcheng Song" has evolved into a literary form-Ci Fu. Tongcheng Song: According to textual research, there are a large number of dialect words and vocabulary in Tongcheng and Anqing, such as "harmony" as "one", "na" as "Luo", "sleep" as "sleep" and "beating" as "beating". As Mr. Pan, the master of Ci and Fu, said, "Tongcheng Song is the richest humanistic soil that breeds Tongcheng Fu School." .
Tongcheng Song Literature Gene Continuation: Tongcheng is the birthplace of Tongcheng School, the largest prose school in the history of China literature, and the hometown of Yan Fengying, a famous Huangmei Opera performer. Celebrities of past dynasties, with bright stars, are known as the hometown of culture. In Tongcheng, Longmian Mountain, which stretches for more than a hundred miles, has beautiful scenery and overlapping peaks. The historical sites are very spectacular. Cultural landscape and natural scenery complement each other and are people's tourist attractions. Convenient transportation, Hejiu Railway, National Highway 206 and Shanghai-Chengdu-expressway run through the whole territory. Tongcheng Song: Since the middle of Ming Dynasty, the folk song "From Huaihe River to Jiangnan" has been popular. Tongcheng songs have merged into this torrent of Anhui local folk songs. Tongcheng songs are popular in the area of "Huaibei and even Jiangnan", which is bound to inject a new vitality into Jianghuai culture and create a pattern of "* * *". In order to make the culture of this region have an overall style, be as compatible as possible, and be less exclusive, in a sense, the diversion of Huangmei Opera (tea picking) in Anhui is not excluded, but can be integrated with local culture, accepted to the maximum extent, and finally created Huangmei Opera. At the same time, as a folk song itself, it is widely circulated, "published" and "told the world". Tongcheng song became a good literary precipitation of Huangmei tune, broke the category of music, and soon found the attachment, communication, collision and complementary reconstruction of literature. Tongcheng song produced various Huangmei operas, which belonged to the strict sense.
Tongcheng Song: Tongcheng has been called "Du Wen" since ancient times. Because of its rich cultural background and long tradition of attaching importance to education, even in Ye Fu, an old lady with little feet and a naive child in a mountain village can hum a few ballads. Lullaby, cool songs and carefree songs are somewhat true in vulgarity and persuasive in ridicule. Tongcheng Song has a unique style, free and lively structure, overlapping dialects and local dialects, and interesting content, which truly reflects the "original ecology" of Huangmei Opera: 1, Fireflies, Flying at Night: Fireflies, Flying at night, my father told me to catch turtles. The turtle has no long hair, and my father told me to pull peaches. The peach didn't blossom, so my father told me to pull out the cucumber. The cucumber didn't fall to the ground, and my father asked me to sing; My father told me to climb firewood when I didn't set up a stage for singing opera. Climbing firewood is not enough for dad to burn, so dad put a bag on my head. 2, "Little Horse Chicken, on the Haystack": Little Horse Chicken, on the Haystack. Dad hit with a stick, and grandma cooked the soaked chicken. Dad eats (7) meat (education), grandma chews bones, son drinks soup, and daughter-in-law smells incense. Stop humming, there is a chicken gizzard in the pot, you can share it with your (um) sister-in-law. Eat half, leave half, and stay in grandma's bed. The old cat lifts (lifts) the pedal, the mouse lifts (lifts) to the eaves, and the old cat grabs the top of the tree. Grandma is delicious. (7) I cried for three days, my eyes (my eyes) cried, and my mouth cried halfway (pedal: the partition for putting shoes in front of the bed; Old wow: crow). 3, "stomach pain": stomach pain, looking for Lao Sheng; Lao sheng is not at home (ga), looking for Lao Zhang; Lao Zhang's house is on fire (ga). Call me if you can't find anyone else. 4. "Little Girl's Festival". 5, "octagonal tree": Bayemen.
Tongcheng song was selected into the first batch of intangible cultural heritage list of world folk songs (declared as national level in 2007): the first batch of provincial intangible cultural heritage list of Anhui Province was published, and Tongcheng song was selected as one of the folk music categories. Tongcheng is called the hometown of folk songs. A long history, ancient culture and beautiful natural environment have created Tongcheng songs with diverse characteristics. Rich in content, including productive labor, daily life, love songs, carols, etc., involving all aspects of social life; There are various genres, such as folk songs, chants, minor songs, yangko songs, customs and etiquette songs, etc. The language is mostly three sentences, five sentences and seven sentences, and most of them are passed down by word of mouth. The language is unpretentious and easy to understand. Some lyrics are elegant and pay more attention to phonology. Although the length of Fanchang folk songs varies, the basic structure is relatively complete; Fanchang folk songs are rich in tunes and unique in singing methods, which have high artistic value and research value from both literary and musical perspectives. Tongcheng intangible cultural heritage-national intangible cultural heritage, "Tongcheng Song Heritage Application" is a Millennium plan.
Tongcheng song, together with Huizhou opera, was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Anhui Opera was formed in Shipai, Zongyang and Tongcheng in Anqing, and its roots were in Qingyang and Kunshan. The "Tongcheng Qu" produced a bangzi drama. During the Kangxi period, "novelty piling" attracted the audience. During the Qianlong period, the "Huang Er tune" came into being. Huizhou Class Four fully shows that Tongcheng songs are related to Jianghuai opera culture and local operas. Shen Defu in the Tang Dynasty said in Miscellaneous Words of Ancient Songs: "Jia and Long belong to the noisy five-watch, parasitic grass, Luojiang resentment, crying, dried lotus leaves, pink lotus, Tongcheng Qu and silver twisted silk. Since Huai and Jiangnan, they have gradually drifted away from words and qu, but they are only slightly restrained in writing erotic feelings. Since last year, there have been two songs, dried dates and hanging branches, with similar tones, so we don't ask North and South, men and women, young and old, good or bad, and everyone likes to listen to them. So it was published and spread all over the world, which made people sad. " .
Tongcheng Song: The family members of the old village head in Hesheng Township belong to Tongcheng Song. Tongcheng song is the historical and cultural heritage of Tongcheng. Things of our generation seem untouchable. However, Anhui Province announced the first batch of "non-legacy" lists, including Tongcheng Qu. After approval, Tongcheng Song has entered the first batch of provincial intangible cultural heritage list of Anhui Provincial Department of Culture (*** 102, of which 19 has been published as a national-level list). There are projects in the province 17 cities, and Huangshan City is the city with the most selected projects. Tongcheng song is the most representative of the same type in the provincial directory project; Most influential in a certain field; With distinctive local characteristics; They are all endangered and need protection, and some are endangered. Tongcheng Song: It belongs to Anhui Intangible Cultural Heritage List-the first batch of national-level lists. Tongcheng songs "Master of Quyi" and "Hometown of Quyi" (excluding national 19 items: folk literature includes six items, such as Whipping Reed Flowers, Peacock Flying Southeast, Tongcheng Song, Legend of Liuchi Lane, Huizhou Folk Songs and Huizhou Couplets).
Tongcheng song is a very precious national folk cultural heritage and spiritual wealth. It is an important intangible cultural heritage of Chinese studies left by ancestors to future generations. Tongcheng ballad is the one that can best reflect the local characteristics of Tongcheng. As a kind of song, "Tongcheng Song" entered the music scene in China as early as the Ming Dynasty. The History of China Literature definitely affirmed the position of Tongcheng Song, and also quoted and evaluated the artistic practice of Tongcheng Song and Supa, two outstanding Tongcheng writers. Tongcheng song is a wonderful flower in Tongcheng folk literature. Its song style, artistic style and distinctive local characteristics include 25 Tongcheng songs in the Zaqu Collection of Ming Dynasty, 24 songs in Feng Menglong's Folk Songs, and many Tongcheng songs in the nine-year edition of Qing Qianlong. Tongcheng Song laid a distant foreshadowing for the prosperity and development of folk songs in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and laid a solid humanistic foundation. According to the investigation, the mother-in-law who tortured her daughter-in-law is still called Jiao Bajiao, that is, Jiao Mu, and the tortured daughter-in-law complained that it was a Tongcheng song passed down from generation to generation. Tongcheng songs are composed of folk songs, folk songs and minor tunes, which have a wide range of themes, rich content and far-reaching influence. Mr. Jia Lu, a historian of Huangmei Opera, also said: "The songs of Tongcheng, Anhui Province, also spread to Huangmei (Hubei-people cited) very early." Therefore, Tongcheng songs, which originated in Tongcheng, Anhui Province, are not confined to a certain corner of Tongcheng, but spread to larger spaces such as "Wuyu District" and "Huangmei District" through Anqing, and foreign songs are constantly integrated into the cultural outlook of Anqing along the river. Shen Defu (1578- 1642), also known as Chen Hu and Jing Bo, was a native of Xiushui, Zhejiang Province in the Ming Dynasty. He was a juren in the forty-sixth year of Wanli (16 18). He wrote three volumes: Qingquantang Collection, Last Words of My Brush Xuan, One Volume of Gu Qu Zayan, One Volume of Fu Fei Yu Lu, and One Volume of Qin Xi, which discussed the development course of Tongcheng songs that prevailed in Jiajing period, and provided an important theoretical basis for the study of Tongcheng songs in Ming Dynasty.