In order to clarify the Xishui County returned to the employment and entrepreneurship of rural migrant workers, better for the development of rural migrant workers to return to their homes to provide high-quality employment and entrepreneurship services, Xishui combined with the work of the actual, for the Donghuang, Tucheng, Ma Lin, Xianyuan and other townships carried out the statistical data analysis and the situation of rural migrant workers in the villages to return to the situation of the survey. The research is now published in the "Government Information" for reference.
First, Xishui County, the current situation and characteristics of rural migrant workers to return to their hometowns to start their own businesses
(a) the basic situation
Xishui County is a large agricultural county, now has 24 townships and townships under its jurisdiction, a population of 730,000, of which 660,000 people in the agricultural population, the labor force is very rich in resources. The rural working-age population is about 380,000, and there are about 180,000 year-round migrant workers, and the cumulative number of returning migrant workers in the county is nearly 56,000, with returning migrant workers accounting for 35% of the total number of year-round migrant workers. As of the end of June 2015 statistics, Xishui returned to rural migrant workers to realize more than 25,000 independent entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship mainly includes planting, farming and self-employment, etc., in the process of entrepreneurship, self-financing more than 1 billion yuan, credit sector lending more than 30 million yuan.
(B) analysis of the characteristics of rural migrant workers returning home to start their own businesses
The main body of returning home to start their own businesses are mostly young and middle-aged groups. We conducted a survey of 50 migrant workers returning to their hometowns to start their own businesses, and found from the survey results that migrant workers aged 30-45 years old have accumulated considerable surplus funds after years of hard work and training, and have mastered a certain degree of professional skills, and they can work with ease in technical skills, and they are as comfortable as a fish in water in interpersonal relationships and social networks. The most important thing is that their mindset is no longer conservative and backward after the experience of being outside, and they have the intention to stand on the tide of self-employment. When they have the "right place, right time, right person" - there are enough conditions for entrepreneurship, a sound entrepreneurial foundation, there is a good entrepreneurial environment, return to their hometowns to start their own businesses will be born smoothly. Such as the town of Huangmuping Huangmuping village of Feng Shiliang, Volong village of Chen Zongyi, Dam village of Wang Chenglin and others, respectively, four to five years after working outside, the use of experience learned outside, technology, investment of several hundred thousand to millions of dollars, respectively, back to their hometowns to set up home appliance production enterprises, beef cattle breeding plant, peach planting, countryside tourism, and so on, one after another, resettlement and drive more than 570 rural labor force entrepreneurship and employment, and become a prominent return to their hometowns to start businesses. The company's business is a typical example of how it is done.
The scale of entrepreneurship is small, single structure, mainly in secondary and tertiary industries. Through the survey found that the rural migrant workers returned home to set up enterprises are mostly small-scale enterprises, mainly relying on their own surplus funds, friends and relatives to help funds, investment of 10-50 million yuan more. In the county's development of 567 micro-enterprises, returning migrant workers accounted for 294 households, accounting for 51.85% of the type of business, from the type of business, 265 individual sole proprietorships, 26 limited companies, 3 partnerships, from the type of industry, engaged in the food and beverage industry, 22 households, engaged in the processing industry, 122 households, engaged in the wholesale and retail trade, 55 households, engaged in the planting and breeding industry, 42 households, engaged in the accommodation industry, 10 households, 43 other industries. The company's business is in the industry of the 10 households, other industries 43 households.
The economic benefits of entrepreneurship are obvious, but the stability is poor. Most of the return of rural migrant workers than the general cultural level of farmers, but most of them are junior and senior high school graduates of low-education talent, only working experience, mastery of the production technology, not trained in the appropriate specialized entrepreneurial skills training, the return of entrepreneurship there are a number of blind, do not know how to market analysis and product positioning, as well as the ability to prepare for risk, the management of the enterprise is a lack of, resulting in the early stage of independent entrepreneurship The economic benefits are obvious, but the stability is poor. From the data survey, returning to their hometowns to start their own businesses, the average annual income at first between 50,000-100,000, the time is generally 2-3 years, but there is no lack of successful entrepreneurs, the income can reach about 200,000-300,000, compared with the income of the migrant laborers and local employment, the income is on the high side. In the past two years, the average annual income of migrant workers is about 50,000 yuan, and the income of local employment is between 2-3 million yuan.
Services are not in place. Affected by publicity and other public **** services, rural migrant workers failed to timely understand the relevant preferential policies for entrepreneurship in their hometowns, and the number of people who can enjoy them is also very small. To micro-guaranteed loan policy to promote entrepreneurship, for example, Xishui return home to start a rural migrant workers applying for micro-guaranteed loans accounted for less than 20% of the loan applicants, a one-time start-up subsidies, job subsidies did not have a person to enjoy, and even do not know that there is such a preferential policy. The strength and breadth of the policy publicity needs to be strengthened.
Second, the reasons for rural migrant workers to return to their hometowns to start their own businesses and analysis of economic and social benefits
(a) the reasons for returning to their hometowns to start their own businesses
The majority of rural migrant workers return to their hometowns to choose the reasons for employment in their hometowns are roughly divided into four categories: First, because there are old people in their homes, no one to take care of them, to give up the chance of going out to work to take care of their families. Secondly, because of the rising number of college graduates, their own vocational skills and low level of knowledge and culture, unable to adapt to the needs of modern enterprises, resulting in the employment of migrant workers in an exceptionally severe situation, a large number of migrant workers returned home because they could not find jobs. Third, the integration of urban and rural development accelerated, the local entrepreneurial environment continues to improve. In recent years, Xishui County regional economy has shown better quality, faster speed, more vigorous development trend, the development of the environment continues to improve, active local labor market, effectively driving the growth of local employment, for the rural labor force to transfer near the local absorption space. Fourth, as a large labor exporting county, there are a large number of long-time migrant workers outside the workforce, they have mastered a certain technology through the fight, has a substantial income of capital accumulation. At present, the county wage level of workers than the external developed provinces, cities and regions, an average of 300-500 yuan lower, but after deducting the cost of transportation, rent and other costs of employment outside, the actual income level of local workers and employment outside the basic equivalent. In addition, returning to the hometown to start a business or local employment, can take care of the family, and the social network is easy to establish.
(ii) economic and social benefit analysis
In recent years, Xishui County Committee, *** adhere to accelerate the promotion of national entrepreneurship as a major event to protect growth, livelihood and stability, to build a platform for entrepreneurship for the return home, growing the strength of the county's economy, and broaden the channels for farmers to increase their income. 2015 June, Xishui County, the addition of new private enterprises 400, the new self-employed households, 1035, of which migrant workers returned home to set up a platform. 1035, of which migrant workers returned home to start all kinds of entities 473, entrepreneurial personnel amounted to more than 850 people, the output value of 260 million yuan, led to the resettlement of rural surplus labor force employment of more than 6,000 people, led to the rapid leapfrog development of the county's economy.
Third, the results achieved
(a) there is a clear priority preferential policies, incentives for migrant workers to return to their hometowns to start their own businesses
The county party committee *** specializing in the "Xishui County on the support of rural migrant workers to return to their hometowns to start their own businesses," the implementation of the views of the county, clear the townships (districts) of the work of the objectives and tasks of the county party committee, the organization of the county party committee required, County Federation of Trade Unions, the County Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security, the county financial institutions and other departments to integrate resources to grasp the implementation of the policy and work, the departments combined with the actual situation, to provide *** 12 priority preferential policies to support the return of migrant workers to their hometowns to start their own businesses, the townships (districts) combined with the implementation of the project to make the return of rural migrant workers to start their own businesses planning, the use of industrial development, the park construction of the advantages of the conditions of the training of return to start business demonstration, through the demonstration of the household Driving other migrant workers to return home to start their own businesses and employment, the number of migrant workers returning home to start their own businesses and employment occupies more than 20% of the number of migrant workers in the labor force, the county has set off a migrant workers returning home to start their own businesses.
(ii) the demonstration of rural migrant workers to return home to start their own businesses has led to a significant effect
The townships (districts) combined with industrial development and park construction have cultivated rural migrant workers to return home to start their own businesses demonstration households, demonstration households of the types of the main combined with the County Office of the poverty alleviation project, the County Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau of the development of breeding projects in the breeding of the large; combined with the construction of industrial parks to develop the development of agricultural products processing enterprises, handmade manufacturing enterprises, Service industry and other demonstration households, these demonstration households give full play to the role of attracting and accepting the employment of rural migrant workers, and are driving rural migrant workers to return to their hometowns to start their own businesses.
(C) the relevant departments to take the initiative, actively participate in promoting the work of rural migrant workers to return to their hometowns to start their own businesses
The relevant functional departments and service departments responsible for the approval of the project to prioritize the preferential policies have gone to the townships (districts) to take the initiative to docking, looking for the focus of the work for rural migrant workers to return to their hometowns to create the services provided by the role of a great deal of impetus.
Fourth, the difficulties faced by rural migrant workers returning home to start their own businesses and problems
(a) the government service environment needs to be further optimized, the department of services and the needs of the masses there is still a certain gap
Mainly embodied in the following: First, the difficulty of handling the administrative licensing problem is still a constraint on entrepreneurial development. The performance of the approval of light supervision, heavy management light service, heavy fees light education, difficult to do, slow, spring door phenomenon still exists to varying degrees. Some functional departments and staff still have insufficient understanding, work is not in place and "eat, take, card, want" problem. Returning migrant workers for administrative licenses, often cost a lot of time, financial resources and energy, some even up to six months or more can not get a permit, in obtaining administrative licenses "expensive" aspects, because part of the administrative licenses need to be assessed by intermediary institutions in order to obtain, and intermediary institutions are for-profit units, the assessment of the fee charged is higher, resulting in Some enterprises have to spend thousands or tens of thousands of dollars to obtain the assessment information, and entrepreneurs have to complain bitterly, which affects the production and operation of enterprises and the enthusiasm of entrepreneurs. Secondly, the problem of difficulty in approving land use for enterprises has not been well solved. Difficulty in land use is always a bottleneck that restricts the development of entrepreneurship of returning migrant workers. Returning migrant workers entrepreneurship to develop and grow, we need to expand the scale of production and increase the number of workers, however, the access to land there are certain difficulties. Understood in the survey, Guanping village of Wang Fuyi because of the land approval problem so that it led the farmers to form an agricultural cooperative has stalled. Third, the priority preferential policies of the docking difficult. 12 priority preferential policies have been introduced, but really want to enjoy the priority preferential policies, there is no set of convenient and fast procedures, migrant workers in the application to enjoy and handle the implementation of the more difficult, migrant workers on the reliability of the policy is skeptical, especially by the county * * * to provide funds for preferential policies, such as the Tourism Bureau is responsible for specific incentive funds for rural tourism, entrepreneurial discount incentive funds. The department's explanation is that if the county treasury does not provide funds, it will not be honored, which affects the enthusiasm of the migrant workers to start a business.
(ii) insufficient start-up funds, poor financing channels, restricting the development of entrepreneurial enterprises back to their hometowns
According to the survey of returning rural migrant workers, most of them have the will to start their own businesses, according to the estimates, the county has nearly 6,000,000 people have the will to start their own businesses, coupled with the untransferred rural surplus labor force in the willingness to start their own businesses, a conservative estimate of the county's entrepreneurial willingness to start their own business of the rural migrant workers in the county at least in 10,000 people above. In recent years, the human society, agriculture, financial institutions and other departments of the loan support policy, cumulative support for less than 3,000 people, only about 30% of the number of entrepreneurial will. Most of the initial investment of returning entrepreneurs relies on the capital accumulated from working outside, which is not large, and they lack overall consideration when starting a business, investing in the project at one time, and then lack of follow-up funds and the ability to prepare for risks after developing to a certain stage. For example, Donghuang Township, Dam Village, Wang Chenglin. 09 years back to his hometown with a partnership of more than 700,000 yuan invested in aquaculture, due to a natural disaster washed out the facilities and no follow-up funds to build, so that it is still paralyzed. Another example, Xianyuan Town Luo Weicheng founded the "Hongyun Garment Factory", Donghuang Town, book Wang Changyuan "Xishui Changyuan Plastic Products Factory" and so on, are facing production stoppage due to financial difficulties, but also due to restrictions on the financial system, enterprise scale, credit conditions and other factors, return to their hometowns! Entrepreneurial enterprises to obtain bank loans is very difficult, only to rely on high-interest private loans to enter the enterprise to maintain production and reproduction of "blood", high cost, heavy burden, sometimes due to a lack of funds, lost a lot of good business opportunities. The problem of capital has become the bottleneck of the sustainable development of the enterprises founded by the entrepreneurs who return to their hometowns.
(C) the overall quality of the return of entrepreneurs is not high, entrepreneurial training needs to be strengthened
Most of the return of rural migrant workers have entrepreneurial intentions, although they have mastered a certain degree of skills and experience when they go out to work, but in the industry and commerce, taxation, finance, management and other aspects of professional knowledge is lacking, the ability to analyze the market, the organization of the operation and management capacity is not strong, the lack of independent research and development, technological innovation consciousness, difficult to adapt to the market, to master the market, to make the market, and to make the market more difficult to adapt to the market, to master the market. It is difficult to adapt to the market and master the market, which causes difficulties on the road of entrepreneurship. Although various forms of entrepreneurship training have been organized and carried out in recent years, the number of participants is relatively small, the time is relatively short, and the target is especially weak, for example, the returning farmers engaged in planting and farming, in order to further improve the planting and farming industry, hope to provide more comprehensive training in agrotechnics, cultivation, pest control and livestock epidemiology in conjunction with the characteristics of the season. Engaged in catering, hotel service industry also need to counterpart training.
(D) The tracking service for migrant workers' entrepreneurship needs to be strengthened
After the introduction of a series of policies to support the entrepreneurship of migrant workers in Xishui, the entrepreneurship of migrant workers has been greatly stimulated, especially the creation of a variety of micro-enterprises have been created as a result of the rain. But even under such favorable conditions, Xishui County enrolled in the creation of micro-enterprises of the number of returning migrant workers compared with the number of micro-enterprises in other counties, Xishui County, the number of micro-enterprises seems insignificant, so far, the micro-enterprises founded by returning migrant workers only 294. This reveals that we do not care enough about the entrepreneurial work of migrant workers, the service work did not keep up, mainly reflected in the policy publicity is not in place, to help enterprises to overcome the difficulties of development and other aspects.
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